Date post: | 22-Nov-2014 |
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NAVIGATION
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NAVIGATION
Word navigation from NAVIGATUS, "to sail”, and the AGERE "to drive"
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NAVIGATION
Navigation is the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of something from one place to another
процес керування деяким обєктом, який має властиві йому методи пересування в певному просторі
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TYPES OF NAVIGATION
Air navigation Astronomical navigation Inertial navigation Biological navigation Informational navigation Radio navigation Satellite navigation Underground navigation
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UNDERGROUND NAVIGATION THE CHANNEL TUNNEL
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UNDERGROUND NAVIGATION Has been used laser system of positioning. Altitude from ground level 40 м Deviation Horizontal - 358 мм Vertical - 58 мм. 6 may 1994 – Eurotunnel was opened
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UNDERGROUND NAVIGATION
49,94 км
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HISTORY OF NAVIGATION
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VISUAL NAVIGATION
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WHERE WE ARE ?
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ВІЗУАЛЬНЕ ОРІЕНТУВАННЯ
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POLE STAR (POLARIS)
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SUNDIAL
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SUNDIALS IN UKRAINE
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СОНЯЧНІ ГОДИНИКИ
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III B. C. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
Maps
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WHAT DOES LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE MEAN?
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LATITUDE
the latitude of a location is the angle between Equator and point on the earth surface.
LONGITUDE Is the angle between Greenwich meridian and
point on the earth surface
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Latitude connect with length of sun shadow
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EARTH RADIUS
Erastofen - “Egyptian librarian” (276-196 B.C.), calculated radius of earth by sun shadow in Alexandria and Aswan (6366,7 км)
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ODOMETER
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FIRST MAP
V B.C. Polynesia
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MAGNETIC COMPASS
Magnetic poles are different with geographical poles .
Coordinates of magnetic poles North 72°N 96°W South 70°S 150°E Jupiter, Saturn, Uran and Neptune.
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The first compasses were made of lodestone, a naturally-magnetized ore of iron. it would always point in the same direction (toward the magnetic poles). Later compasses were made of iron needles, magnetized by stroking them with a lodestone.
1100 A.D.
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lead line is a length of thin rope with a plummet, generally of lead, at its end. lead line measures the depth of the seabed
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Speedometer It is a light line was knotted at regular intervals (7,71 м) and weighted to drag in the water. It was tossed overboard over the stern as the pilot counted the knots that were let out during a specific period of time (15 s). From this he could determine the speed.
CHIP LOG (c.1500-1600)
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LONGITUDE AND TIME
Time in Greenwich Земля делает один оборот вокруг своей оси
(360 градусов) за 24 часа. Следовательно 1 час соответствует 15 градусам вращения Земли.
In 1884, by international agreement, the meridian of Greenwich, England was adopted as the Prime Meridian (0° ).
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Cross-staff
LEONARDO FIBANACHI
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ASTROLABE
1484 Martin Behaim to measure the angle above the horizon of the sun and stars to determine latitude
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SEXTANT
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