History of nursing

Prepared by: Saima victor ,Fouzia shahzad

Nurse

A nurse is a person, qualified in art and

science of nursing to provide services

helpful in the promotion

maintenance and restoration of health

and wellbeing.

HISTORY OF NURSING Before the foundation of modern

nursing, nuns and the militaryoften provided nursing-like

services

The religious and military roots ofmodern nursing remain inevidence today in many countries,for example in the UnitedKingdom, senior female nurses areknown as sisters. Nurses executethe "Orders" of other health careprofessionals in addition to beingresponsible for their own practice.

ReasonS to study history

The study of nursing history offers learningabout advancement of nursing professionfrom the beginning till now.

By learning from role models, nurses canenhance their abilities to create positivechanges in the present and can get a coursefor the future.

Ancient civilization

Mesopotamians(4000B.C): During this time cause ofdisease were embedded insuperstition and magic.Treatment involved magicalcures as well as surgicalprocedure such as craniotomy

Sumerians(3000): Introduced first clay tablets written prescription ,disease was not specified.

Conti..Ancient civilization

Egyptians(2700): Introduced midwifery skillsto take care women during pregnancy and havesafe delivery.

Slaves nursed their masters by providing comfortand giving medications.

suckled mothers, rich families use to hire feedingmothers for their children.

Hebrews :carried out same patterns asEgyptians.

Conti ancient civilization

Babylonia(1900):sick rooms werebuild.The healers and assistants followedthe Code of Hammurabi to cure and toprovide care.

Penalized those who did not follow theCode of Hammurabi.

Treated people with great respect.

Rewarded people who worked well.

Conti Ancient history

Romans(200B.C):Introduced the theory of female nurses e.gmidwives,baby sitter, nurses for older people.

Wealthy roman matron Fabiola used her position and wealth to establish hospitals for the sick.

conti.

Greece (50B.C) Cure through spiritual

healing.

Greek gods werebelieved to have specialhealing powers.

Asclepius the chiefhealer

Suther godess of health.

The common era

Crusaders 1096 A.D: The first recognition of men providing nursing care to soldiers and pilgrims to

the holy land.

Christians 1099 A.D: sisters of S.t john of Jerusalem embroidered. The cross on their tunics to

represent their Christian charity.

The Middle AgeNursing care of outcasts 1200 A.D: The Knights of S.t Lazarus dedicated themselves to the care of people with leprosy,syphilis,and chronic skin conditions. since the A.D leprosy was viewed as incurable disease.

Charitable nursing 1550: Camillus Delellus, the saint was the founder of the nursing orders of ministries of the sick his effort provided focus of nurses to provide care for the sick imprisoned and dying.

EARLY CANADIAN HOSPITALS 1639:The hotel Dieu founded by Duchesse d Aiguilles staffed by three hospital sisters from S.T Augustine is considered as first hospital in Canada she is known as Florence nightingale of Canada.

Early Nineteenth CenturyEarly Australian Hospitals 1812: In

Sydney, Australia's first hospital was named for its designers bilders,Governor Lachlan Macquarie.

Mary Grant seacole 1854: She worked with Florence Nightingale t Seacole to provide care to the soldiers of the Crimean war.

Florence nightingale 1859: The founder of modern nursing. Nightingale(1820-1910) was influential in developing nursing education.practice,and administration. she was asked to take care for the sick and injured in the Crimea war. she and her nurses transformed the military hospital. When she returned to England, nightingale was given an honorarium of 4500 pounds by the grateful England public.

The American Civil WarDorothea Lynda Dix 1861:She was

over 60 when she was first appointed as superintendent during the civil war after she returned with a mentally ill.

Louisa May Alcott 1862-1863:Noted

As author worked as a nurse in civil

War and documented the work of

Volunteers in her book.

ContHarriet Tubman 1861-1865:The Moses of her people worked underground railway. During civil war she nursed the sick and suffering

of her own race.

Walt white man 1862-1865:The writer and Poet volunteer nurse during civil war, and Chronicled the care of ill in his collection in his diary.

ContSojourner Truth 1862-1865: preacher & women's advocate nursed for four years in civil war. then worked as a counselor for freedmen's relief Association.

The international Red Cross 1864: during the Geneva convention, jean henri Dunant organized the international conference that founded the red cross, for the relief of suffering in war.

Early Nursing Education

Lucy Osborne 1868:she was trained under nightingale@ S.T Thomas London later act as superintendent of Sydney hospital and developed Australias first school of nursing.

EARLY NURSING SCHOOLS 1872: HOSPITAL in Philadelphia and new England hospital for women and children in Boston opened training programs for nurses.

Linda Richards 1873:She graduated fro m new England hospital for women and children training school for nurses, is considered Americas first trained school.

Cont..Mary Mahoney 1879: Mary was firstAmericans Black nurse she was graduated fromnew England Hospital for Women and children

Clara Barton and the AmericanRed cross 1882: Barton organizedAmerican red cross which linked with theinternational Red cross when the us congressratified the Geneva convention.

Mary Agnes Snidely 1884: sheGraduated in new York then returned to Canadato developed the Toronto general hospitalschool of nursing and become the president ofCanada nursing Association.

Late Nineteenth Century

In 1893 the nightingale pledge was written and Administered to the graduates of Farrand nursing

school in Detroit Michigan.

Lillian Wald 1893: she founded nursing service which provided social ,organized educational and cultural activities. She was considered as the founder of public health nursing.

The ANA 1897:The nursing Alumnae of U.S was renamed the American nurses Association.

cont

The ICN 1899:The international council of nursing was establish by Mrs. bedfordFenwick of Great Britain. Nurses from U.S AND Canada were the founder and their national association was first admitted to membership

The AJN 1900: the American journal of nursing was first nursing journal owned by the U.S nurses.

Clara Louise Maass 1876-1901:She worked as a contract nurse during Spain& American war volunteering to nurse victims of yellow fever in cuba.she died allowing herself for an experiment on immunity.

Early Twentieth CenturyThe CNA : The Canadian society of training school for

nurses and the Canadian national Association for trainednurses joined to become the Canadian nursesAssociation.

The NLN 1912: The forerunner of the nationalleague for nursing education was establish for thedevelopment of educational standards. Today NLNis the accrediting body for all school of nursing inthe U.S.

Margaret Sanger: she was considered thefounder of planned parent hood. Was imprisonedfor opening first birth control clinic in Baltimore.

Cont.Lavonia Dock 1920: she activity for women

right in the U.S for allowing women to vote.

Sigma Theta Tau 1922:The international society for research and leadership was founded at the Indiana university school of nursing.

The Frontier nursing service 1925: