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History of Psychiatric Nursing

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    History of Psychiatric Nursing

    arly history

    nsanity is associated with sin and demonic possession

    eople believe that any sickness indicated displeasure of the gods and in fact was punishment for sins and wrongdoing

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonic_possessionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonic_possession
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    reatment of mentally ill was sometimes inhumane and brutal

    f insanity is viewed as divine, the individual will be worshiped and adored

    f insanity is viewed as demonic, the individual will be ostracized, punished and sometimes burned at the stake

    Rituals, herbs, ointments and precious stones used to try to extract demonsMental illness is thought to be incurable

    Early Treatments for Mental IllnessARISTOTLE (382-322 BC)

    Attempted to relate mental disorders and developed his theory that the amounts of blood, water and yellow and black bile in the bodyontrolled the emotions.hese 4 substances or humors corresponded with:

    Happiness, calmness, anger, sadness

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    mbalances of the 4 were believed to cause mental disordersreatment was aimed at restoring balance through:lood letting, starving, purging (up to 19th century)

    Trepanning (Trephining)

    n ancient times trepanning was performed on live patients suffering from fractured skulls, convulsions, and insanity. Disks of bone from kulls of cadavers were often carved and used as religious amulets in ancient Egypt.

    EARLY CHRISTIAN TIMES (1-1000 AD)

    All diseases were again blamed to demons

    Mentally were viewed as possessed

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    Priests performed exorcisms to rid of evil spirits

    When that failed, they used more severe and brutal measures, such as incarceration in dungeons, flogging and starving

    The Middle Ages

    No actual treatment

    Mentally ill were homeless, begged for food on the streets, or imprisoned

    Charity of religious groups provided food, shelter, and ran almshouses

    People with mental illness were distinguished from criminals in England

    Harmless- allowed to wander the countryside or live in rural communities

    Dangerous lunatics- thrown into prison, chained and starved

    Hospital ofSt. Mary of Bethlehem built in London, England during the 14 th century.

    In 1547, the Hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem was officially declared a hospital for insane

    The Fifteenth through the Seventeenth Centuries

    kepticism was rampant

    Conditions of asylums were deplorable

    Insane were treated like animals

    Thought not to have feelings

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    Were believed to lack understanding

    Men and women not given separate quarters

    Violent inmates were placed with those convalescing or tranquil

    Poorly clothed and fed

    The Eighteenth Century

    In 1775, visitors at the institution were charge a fee for the privilege of viewing and ridiculing inmates who were seen as animals, than human

    During the same period in the colonies (later US), the mentally ill were considered evil or possessed and were punished

    Witch hunts were conducted and offenders were burned at the stake

    \

    COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH

    Adolf Meyer(1900)

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    Clifford Whittingham Beers (1908)

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    (1949)

    1961)

    1908)

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