REVIEWREVIEWWhat is the first programmable computer What is the first programmable computer invented by Konrad Zuse?invented by Konrad Zuse?The first stored program computer The first stored program computer invented by Aiken?invented by Aiken?The first electronic computer invented by The first electronic computer invented by Atanasoff and Berry?Atanasoff and Berry?The electronic devices used during the 1The electronic devices used during the 1stst Gen computers?Gen computers?The 2 computing devices designed by The 2 computing devices designed by Ekert and Mauchly during the 1Ekert and Mauchly during the 1stst Gen? Gen?

HISTORY OF HISTORY OF THE THE

COMPUTERCOMPUTERELECTRONIC AGEELECTRONIC AGE

SECOND GENERATION SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS (1959-1963)COMPUTERS (1959-1963)

ENRICHMENT ACTIVITYENRICHMENT ACTIVITY

TRANSFER RESISTOR TRANSISTOR

MICROSCOPE PROCESSOR MICROPROCESSOR

ROOT

TEDRACUITSTEGINCIR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

ROOT

VACUUM TUBES REPLACED BY VACUUM TUBES REPLACED BY TRANSISTORS AS MAIN LOGIC TRANSISTORS AS MAIN LOGIC ELEMENTS.ELEMENTS.

MAGNETIC TAPE AND DISK BEGAN TO MAGNETIC TAPE AND DISK BEGAN TO REPLACE PUNCHED CARD AS REPLACE PUNCHED CARD AS EXTERNAL STORAGE DEVICES.EXTERNAL STORAGE DEVICES.

MAGNETIC CORES BECAME THE MAGNETIC CORES BECAME THE PRIMARY INTERNAL STORAGE PRIMARY INTERNAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGY.TECHNOLOGY.

HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING WERE HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING WERE USED LIKE FORTRAN, AND COBOL.USED LIKE FORTRAN, AND COBOL.

TRANSISTORTRANSISTOR

A SEMI CONDUCTOR DEVICE A SEMI CONDUCTOR DEVICE COMMONLY USE TO AMPLIFY OR COMMONLY USE TO AMPLIFY OR SWITCH ELECTRONIC SIGNALS.SWITCH ELECTRONIC SIGNALS.THE GREATEST INVENTION OF THE THE GREATEST INVENTION OF THE 2OTH CENTURY.2OTH CENTURY.WERE SMALLER, FASTER, CHEAPER, WERE SMALLER, FASTER, CHEAPER, REQUIRED LESS POWER AND REQUIRED LESS POWER AND PRODUCED LESS HEAT THAN VACUUM PRODUCED LESS HEAT THAN VACUUM TUBES.TUBES.MADE 2MADE 2NDND GEN. COMPUTER MORE GEN. COMPUTER MORE FASTER MORE RELIABLE THAN 1FASTER MORE RELIABLE THAN 1STST GEN GEN COMPUTERS. COMPUTERS.

BESIDES INCREASING SPEED, IT BESIDES INCREASING SPEED, IT CAN AMPLIFY A SIGNAL, OR OPEN CAN AMPLIFY A SIGNAL, OR OPEN AND CLOSE A CIRCUIT, SERVE AS AND CLOSE A CIRCUIT, SERVE AS ELECTRONIC SWITCH OR BRIDGE ELECTRONIC SWITCH OR BRIDGE TO COMPUTERS.TO COMPUTERS.

ALLOWED COMPUTERS TO ALLOWED COMPUTERS TO COMMUNICATE OVER COMMUNICATE OVER TELEPHONE LINES.TELEPHONE LINES.

IT GAVE WAY TO THE CONCEPTS IT GAVE WAY TO THE CONCEPTS OF PARALLEL PROCESSOR AND OF PARALLEL PROCESSOR AND MULTIPROGRAMMING.MULTIPROGRAMMING.

JOHN BARDEN, WALTER JOHN BARDEN, WALTER BRATTAIN and WILLIAN BRATTAIN and WILLIAN

SHOCKLEYSHOCKLEY OF OF BELL BELL TELEPHONE TELEPHONE LABORATORIESLABORATORIES INVENTED THE INVENTED THE TRANSISTOR.TRANSISTOR.

GRACE MURRAY HOPPERGRACE MURRAY HOPPER

THE WOMAN THE WOMAN THAT FOUND THAT FOUND THE FIRST THE FIRST COMPUTER COMPUTER BUG, FINISHES BUG, FINISHES DEVELOPING DEVELOPING

THE THE COBOLCOBOL

CO - CommonCO - Common

B - BusinessB - Business

O - Oriented O - Oriented

L - LanguagesL - Languages

1964: KEN OLSEN1964: KEN OLSEN

FOUNDED THE FOUNDED THE DEC- DIGITAL DEC- DIGITAL EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT CORPORATIONCORPORATION, RELEASED , RELEASED THE FIRST THE FIRST SUCCESFULL SUCCESFULL COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL MINI-MINI-COMPUTER, COMPUTER, THE PDP-8THE PDP-8

1965: THOMAS KURTZ and JOHN 1965: THOMAS KURTZ and JOHN KEMENYKEMENY

DEVELOPED DEVELOPED THE THE BASICBASIC- A - A COMPUTER COMPUTER LANGUAGE LANGUAGE TO HELP TO HELP PEOPLE HOW PEOPLE HOW TO PROGRAMTO PROGRAM

B- BeginnersB- Beginners

A-A- All PurposeAll Purpose

S-S- SymbolicSymbolic

I-I- InstructionInstruction

C-C- CodeCode

TRIVIATRIVIAWho was the first man that walks over the water?

Who was the second man that walks over the water?

Who was the third man that walks over the water?

Do you wish that you can walks over the water today?

ELECTRONIC AGEELECTRONIC AGE

THE THIRD GENERATION THE THIRD GENERATION

1963-19741963-1974

INDIVIDUAL TRANSISTOR WERE INDIVIDUAL TRANSISTOR WERE REPLACED BY INTEGRATED REPLACED BY INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.CIRCUITS.

MAGNETIC TAPE and DISK MAGNETIC TAPE and DISK COMPLETELY REPLACE COMPLETELY REPLACE PUNCHED CARDS AS EXTERNAL PUNCHED CARDS AS EXTERNAL STORAGE DEVICES.STORAGE DEVICES.

A NEW FORM OF MAGNETIC A NEW FORM OF MAGNETIC CORE, MOS (metal oxide CORE, MOS (metal oxide semiconductor)semiconductor)

1958: JACK KILBY1958: JACK KILBY

Responsible for Responsible for the development the development and application and application of a monolithic of a monolithic integrated integrated circuits, which circuits, which still widely used still widely used in electronic in electronic system.system.

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IS A SINGLE WAFER OR CHIP THAT IS A SINGLE WAFER OR CHIP THAT CAN HOLD MANY TRANSISTORS AND CAN HOLD MANY TRANSISTORS AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS.ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS.

ELIMINATED THE NEED FOR ELIMINATED THE NEED FOR UNRELIABLE HAND WIRE CIRCUITS.UNRELIABLE HAND WIRE CIRCUITS.

ALLOWED HUNDREDS OF CIRCUITS ALLOWED HUNDREDS OF CIRCUITS TO BE EASILY CONNECTED.TO BE EASILY CONNECTED.

WERE FASTER, IMPROVED MEMORY, WERE FASTER, IMPROVED MEMORY, AND REDUCED THE PRICE OF AND REDUCED THE PRICE OF COMPUTERS.COMPUTERS.

1968- ROBERT NOYCE- one of the 1968- ROBERT NOYCE- one of the inventors of integrated circuits founded the inventors of integrated circuits founded the INTEL.INTEL.

1969- ARPANET is set up later becomes 1969- ARPANET is set up later becomes INTERNET.INTERNET.

1972-THE C programming language is 1972-THE C programming language is developed at AT&T Bell Labs by Brian developed at AT&T Bell Labs by Brian Kerningham and Dennis Ritchie.Kerningham and Dennis Ritchie.

UNIX is written at Bell Labs and become UNIX is written at Bell Labs and become the most portable operating system.the most portable operating system.

ELECTRONIC AGEELECTRONIC AGE

THE FOURTH GENERATIONTHE FOURTH GENERATION

1979-PRESENT1979-PRESENT

INTEL CORPORATION INTEL CORPORATION designed the first tiny designed the first tiny computer on a chip, called a computer on a chip, called a MICROPROCESSOR.MICROPROCESSOR.

MADE THE COMPUTER OF MADE THE COMPUTER OF THE FOURTH GENERATION THE FOURTH GENERATION THE FASTEST AND THE THE FASTEST AND THE MOST POWERFUL THEY MOST POWERFUL THEY HAVE EVER BEEN.HAVE EVER BEEN.

MICROPROCESSORMICROPROCESSOR

IS AN INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IS AN INTEGRATED CIRCUITS BUILT ON A TINY PIECE OF BUILT ON A TINY PIECE OF SILICON.SILICON.

IT CONTAINS THOUSANDS, OR IT CONTAINS THOUSANDS, OR EVEN MILLIONS OF TRANSISTORS, EVEN MILLIONS OF TRANSISTORS, WHICH ARE INTERCONNECTED VIA WHICH ARE INTERCONNECTED VIA SUPERFINE TRACES OF SUPERFINE TRACES OF ALUMINUM, WORK TOGETHER TO ALUMINUM, WORK TOGETHER TO STORE AND MANIPULATE DATA.STORE AND MANIPULATE DATA.

ALTAIR 8080- a special computer, because it made computers available to everyone, it has 256 bytes of memory, and ran by BASIC.

WILLIAM HENRY “BILL” GATES III PAUL ALLEN

Apple II- the first PC to come in plastic case and include colour graphics, introduced by the APPLE COMPUTERS, design by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak

The graphic users interface computer (GUI)

SOFTWARE/PROGRAMSSOFTWARE/PROGRAMS

VISICALC- the first spreadsheet VISICALC- the first spreadsheet program.program.

WORDSTAR- the first word WORDSTAR- the first word processor.processor.

MS-DOS- operating system MS-DOS- operating system introduced by IBM.introduced by IBM.

IBM PC- IBM personal computer in the market, and it came with a DOS, licensed by the Microsoft.

D- DISK

O- OPERATING

S- SYTEM

APPLE MACINTOSH- introduced by Apple Computers in 1984, a simple GUI with 8-MHz, 32 bit Motorola 68000 CPU, and has a built in 9-inch B/W screen.

AMIGA- the first multimedia computer, introduced games, advanced graphics, and multitasking operating system with GUI.

AMIGA

What about the 5What about the 5thth generation of generation of computers?computers?