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History of computingClick icon to add pictureOriginally a deck of punch cards
had to be submitted and batch processed in order to run a computer programme
It was akin to marking your choice of horses with a pencil at the TAB
You would then receive a crude ink jet print out
Used from 1886 – 1990’s
Magnetic Tape Made long term storage of
vast amounts of data possible
Prone to breakage
One tape could store 1Tb
Used from 1951 to present
First User Interface
Douglas Englebart demonstrated first interface in 1968)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xptc6f3Daoo#t=0
This was the first time a “mouse” had been used
Palo Alto Reseach Centre (PARC)
Xerox feared the demise of paper so formed PARC to work on their dream projects
They invented Laser printing but had no way to control it, so they developed the Xerox Alto
The screen was shaped like paper and unlike other fixed character displays, each pixel could be turned on and off independently
Zerox Star The advent of Object Oriented
programming language in Xerox’s small talk allowed the development of a Windows like environment
Windows could be stacked on top of each other. Icons made their emergence
Scroll bars, dialogue boxes and radio buttons appeared
The First Alto document processor cost $17,000
Apple Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak
began in their garage
The ideas from PARC were brought across along with technicians who wished to see the Xerox ideas turned commercial
Their icon based interface called “Lisa” would eventually do away with command type lines
Windows Bill Gates orginally worked as a 3rd party developer for Apple
His early versions of Windows 1 and 2 were clunky and had to compete with many other GUI developers – Commodore, Atari, Acorn
By the 1990’s with version 3 of Windows, only Windows and Apple were left in the GUI wars
Windows 95 then broke the all time sales record when released
Mac OSX and Aqua Aqua introduced the idea of a GUI where every window was double-
buffered in memory, so that any redraws happen off-screen and aren't visible
Introduced the stretching and squeezing of windows into a dock
Introduced Expose where windows would shrink so all open ones can be fitted onto a screen at the same time.
For further information http://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2009/03/operating-system-interface-d
esign-between-1981-2009/
The mobile revolution GUI design got more interesting with the evolution of the mobile interface
Other developers came on-board, namely Google with their Android interface
Apple was the first with iOS and the iPhone dominating the market early on
iOS – A Visual History – (see below)
http://www.theverge.com/2011/12/13/2612736/ios-history-iphone-ipad.
https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/MobileHIG/
Android new design guidelines New Materials Google Android interface – see the Design guidelines
http://www.google.com/design/
And further examples
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.esites.ecal&hl=en_GB