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1800 – “Revolution” of 1800
Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) defeats Adams (Federalist)
First peaceful transfer of power
First Political Party System
1804 – 12th Amendment
Required separate votes for President and Vice President
Ensured Pres. & V.P. came from same party
Last major reform to the Electoral College
1824 – The “Corrupt Bargain”
John Q. Adams defeats Andrew Jackson
Last time a “tie” election was decided by the House of Representatives
Splits Democratic-Republicans into Second Party System = Whigs vs. Democrats
1832 – First Nominating Conventions
Democrats hold first nominating convention
Re-nominate President Andrew Jackson
Ensured party unity behind one candidate
Conventions would be dominated by party leaders and political machine bosses
1856-1860 – Beginnings of Modern Political Party Era
Republicans formed as an anti-slavery party
Abraham Lincoln becomes first Republican president
Start of Third Party System = Republicans vs. Democrats
1910 – First Primary Elections
Began as a Progressive Era Reform
Allowed voters a say in the selection of party candidates
Considered more democratic = took power away from party leadership
1920 – Women’s Suffrage
19th Amendment gives women the right to vote
1952 – The Television Era
Candidate Dwight Eisenhower runs the first campaign ad
“I Like Ike”Further weakened
party control over elections
More focus on the individual candidate and their “image”
1960 – First Televised Debates
Candidates John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon debate face-to-face on television
Better performance on TV gives JFK narrow win
1965 – Voting Rights for African-Americans
15th Amendment had granted right to vote to Blacks
Voting Rights Act of 1965 removed legal barriers
Ban on literacy tests and poll taxes
1992-1996 – The New Media
Bill Clinton = first candidate to use “new media”
First use of Internet for campaigning
Social Media = Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.
2000 – The Disputed Election
George W. Bush is elected President despite losing popular vote
Renewed criticisms of the Electoral College system
Primary Elections
Then:- Party bosses chose
party nominees- Delegates controlled
by political machinesNow:- Most states hold
primary elections- Voters decide party
nominees- Progressive era reform
Nomination Process
Nominating Convention
- First held by Democrats under Andrew Jackson
- Delegates choose a Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidate
- Party Platform* *statement of party’s goals and principles
Electoral College
President actually chosen by Electoral College
- state’s electoral vote = Representatives + Senators
- Winner take all system
- President can lose popular vote and win electoral vote