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Queen Victoria and theVictorian Temper
• Ruled England from 1837-1901
• The Victorian period was an age of transition
• Exemplifies Victorian qualities:
earnestness, moral
responsibility, domestic
propriety
The Reform Bill of 1832
• Transformed English class structure
• Extended the right to vote to all males owning property
• Second Reform Bill passed in 1867
• Extended the right to vote to working class
Major Events of the Victorian Era
• A huge growth in population.
• Improvements in technology.
• Changing world views.
• Poor conditions for the working class.
Literary characteristics
(1). Prose and novel
• Prose and Novel is more popular than the other forms in Victorian Literature.
(2). Moral Purpose
• Moral purpose is more important than esthetic delight in Victorian literature.
(3). Literature of Realism
• In Victorian Literature we found realism rather than Romance.
• Real Character
(4). Pessimism
• Pessimism, despair runs through Victorian Literature and is noticed especially in the poetry of Matthew Arnold.
(5). Patriotism
• Patriotism runs through Victorian Literature. Tennyson, Dickens and Disraeli are inspired by a national pride and a sense of greatness in their country’s superiority over other nations.
Victorian Compromise
• Compromise between the Rich and the Poor
• Compromise between Royalism and Democracy
• Compromise between Science and Religion
Victorianism means an attitude to life and things.
Major Poetry Writers of the Victorian Age
• Alfred Tennyson
• Robert Browning
• Elizabeth Barrett Browning
• Matthew Arnold
• Christina Rossetti
• D. G. Rossetti
• William Morris
Alfred Tennyson(1809-92)
• Timbuctoo
• In Memoriam ( Elegy)
• Ulysses
• The Princess
• The Lady of Shallot and O Enone
• The Lotos Eaters
• The Palace of Art
• Tears, Idle Tears
• Dora
• Two Brother
Robert Browning(1812-89)
• Pauline
• Asolando (1889)
• My Last Duches
• The Last Ride Together
• Holy Cross Day
• A Grammarian’s Funeral
• Dramatic Romances and Lyrics (1845)
• Sordello
• The Heretic’s Tragedy
• The Statue and Bust
• Pippa Passess
Elizabeth Browning(1806-61)
• The Cry of the Children (1843)
• Case Guidi Windows (1851)
• Poem Before Congress (1860)
• Aurora Leigh
• Lady Geraldine’s Courtship
• Sonnets From the Portugese
• Cowper’s Grave
• Seraphim (1833) and poems
Cristina Rossetti(1830-1894)
• Goblin Market (1862)
• The City of Dreadful Night
• The Prince’s Progress (1866)
• The Germ (1850)
• A pageant and other poems (1881)
• New Poems (1896)
• Time Flies (1885)
• Verses (1893)
• Sing Song (1894)
• From House to Home
Matthew Arnold & William Morris (1822-1888) (1834-1896)
• The Scholar Gipsy
• Thyrsis
• The Stayed Reveller
• Last Essay on Church and Religion (1877)
• Essays: in Criticism
• Literature and Dogma
• On Translating Homer (1861)
• The Defernce of Guenevere (1858)
• The Life and Death of Jason (1867)
• The March of the Worker • The Dream of John Ball• All For the Cause• Sigurd the Volsung
• Chant for Socialist (1855)
Major Prose Writer of age
• Thomas Carlyle
• John Ruskin
• Thomas Babington
• Walter Horatio
• Oscar Wilde
Thomas Carlyle & Oscar Wilde(1795-1881) (1854-1900)
• Sartor Resartus(1833-34)
• The French Revolution (1838)
• Heroes and Hero-worship (1841)
• Past and Present (1843)
• Oliver Cromwell’s Letters and Speeches
• The Life of Sterling(1851)
• History of Fredrick the Great (1858-65)
• The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898)
• De profundis
• The Picture of Dorian Gray
• A Woman of No Importance and
• The Importance of Being Ernest (1899)
John Ruskin(1819-1900)
• Modern Painters (1843-60)
• Seven Lamps of Architecture (1849)
• The Stones of Venice (1851-53)
• Unto This Last (1860-62)
• Munera Pulveris (1862-63)
• Time and Tide (1867)
• The Crown of Wild Olive (1866)
• Sesame and Lilies (1862)
• Praeterita (1885-89)
Thomas Hardy(1840-1928)
• Under the Greenwood Tree (1872)
• Far From the Madding Crowd(1874)
• The return of the Native (1878)
• The Trumpet Major (1880)
• The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886)
• The Woodlanders (1887)
• Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891)
• Jude the Obscure (1896)
Novelist of the age
• Benjamin Disraeli
• Charles Dickens
• W. M. Thackeray
• Bronte sisters (Charlotte, Emily, Anne)
• George Meredith
• George Eliot
• Thomas Hardy
• Elizabeth Bowen
Charles Dickens(1812-70)
• The Pickwick Papers • Oliver Twist • Bleak House • Nicholas Nickleby• Sketches by Boz• Our Mutual Friend • A Tale of Two cities• Little Dorritt• Old Curiosity • Hard Times
W.M. Thackeray
(1811-63)
• George Meredith
(1828-1909)
• Punch
• Vanity fair
• Pendennis
• Henry Esmond
• The Virginians
• The New Comes
• The Shaving of Shagpat (1856)
• The Ordeal of Richard Feverel(1859)
• Evan Harrington (1861)
• Diana of the Crossways (1815)
George Eliot (1819-80)
• Scenes of Clerical Life (1858)
• Adam Bede (1859)
• The Mill on the Floss (1860)
• Silas Marner: The Weaver of Reveloe(1861)
• Middle March (1872)
Bronte Sisters • Charlotte (1816-55)• Jane Eyre (1847)• Shirley (1849)• Villette (1853)• The Professor (1857)
• Emily (1818-48)• Wuthering Heights (1847)
• Anne • Agnes Grey (1847)• The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
(1848)