HIT 400 Guidelines

7/29/2019 HIT 400 Guidelines

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Harare Institute of Technology

Bachelor of Technology Honours Degree in Chemical and Process

System Engineering

Project outline

Project Title: Capstone Design Project

Project Code: HIT 400

Duration: 144 hrs

Weighting: 8 credits

Lecturers: All Academic members of Department

1.0 Preamble

HIT400 is a capstone design project intended to demonstrate the students ability to solve

a problem of a technical nature. It involves the conceptualization, analysis, synthesis,

design and construction of a model of a real plant. The student works individually under

the supervision of a senior member of the academic staff in the department. Oncompletion of the project, the student is expected to produce a model and a project design

report.

The project should show innovation and demonstrate an apparent improvement from HIT

300 in terms of the degree of difficulty of the problem being solved and the extent to

which Chemical and Process Systems Engineering concepts are applied. The practical

exposure at HIT 301 must also be demonstrated and enable the student to solve real life

challenges. Students should be able to demonstrate all chemical and process engineering

concepts they assimilated in the previous years. The project must encompass the design

of major pieces of equipment such as distillation columns, heat exchangers, chemicalreactors evaporators and the sizing of other common equipment like pumps, valves

storage tanks, and pipes.


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2.0 Aims

The broad aims of the capstone project are to demonstrate competence in technical

problem solving by testing the ability of the student to design and conduct experiments;ability to analyse, interpret and use data; ability to design a system and its

components;and an understanding of the economic, social and environmental impact of

projects.

3.0 Objectives

By the end of the course students should be able to:

Apply principles and techniques learnt to the chemical and mechanical design,construction, process control and improvement of machines and equipment of

processing plants.

Apply skills to rehabilitate and show innovativeness in existing processmanufacturing facilities.

Be able to scale up and commercialise chemical engineering processes Solve real life technical problems Start their own high tech business enterprises

4.0 Project Content

4.1 Project Document Chapters

4.1.1 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION

The chapter should spell out clearly the problem the project is intended to address, the

product to be manufactured, its role in in industry, consumption levels and choice of

production level and an overview of the environmental issues including safety and

toxicity of the product.


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4.1.2 Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

The chapter should contain literature review of the project. This is done to give a

theoretical background to the chemical processes involved.as well as to collect physicaldata for design purposes. A comparison of the technologies available on the subject is

undertaken and the best process option selected.

4.1.3 Chapter 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The chapter includes the research methodology and design of experiments. It

encompasses all the approaches to be employed to enable the student to design the

process and the equipment. Algorithms to be followed are part of this chapter. Included

are all the means of data gathering and processing to be done. Each experiment to be

done should be for data required in the design of the capstone project. All the

experiments to be undertaken are to be formulated and designed in this chapter.

4.1.4 Chapter 4: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

The chapter should contain results of experiments undertaken and the analysis of the

results. All results are to be clearly tabulated in this chapter. A proper statistical analysis

of the collected data using statistical packages where possible .should be undertaken. The

student should use this data in designing pieces of equipment in the project.

4.1.5 Chapter 5: PROCESS DESIGNThis chapter includes design assumptions, block flow diagram (BFD), material and

energy balances for the entire process, process flow diagram (PFD) showing all major

equipment and streams and their composition and process conditions; pipe and

instrumentation diagrams, (PID) and process description

4.1.6 Chapter 6: EQUIPMENT DESIGN

Students are expected to demonstrate an in-depth understanding of chemical engineering

design principles and mechanical design of the equipment. The students should select at


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least two major equipment and carry out a detailed design of each. They should

demonstrate understanding of equipment architecture, choice of material of construction,

stress calculations and pressure vessels fabrication. An equipment specification sheet

should be prepared for each piece of major equipment designed.

4.1.6 Chapter 7: PROCESS CONTROL AND HAZOP ANALYSISProcess control strategy for temperature, pressure, level and flow should be done and

process instrumentation should be recommended Students should come up with HAZOP

analysis of the chosen equipment.

4.1.8 Chapter 8: SITE SELECTION AND PLANT LAYOUT

The chapter deals with factors affecting site selection, decision matrix for site selection,

equipment spacing assumptions made in deciding the plant layout and the plant layoutdiagram.

4.1.9 Chapter 9: ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The student should prepare a preliminary environment impact assessment as a result of

the products and waste material produced by the project. The assessment should cover the

impact of gaseous, liquid and solid pollutants on air, water, soil; and human and animal

life

4.1.10 Chapter 10: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate the economic and financial viability of the

project using profitability indicators such as return on investment (ROI), payback period

(PP), break-even (BE) point analysis, net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return

(IRR). The chapter will cover assumptions on financing (gearing ratio used, interest rate

on any loan amount borrowed, and grace period) estimation of project cost (fixed cost

and working capital), estimation of manufacturing unit cost, and calculation of annual net

cash flows.


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4.1.11 Chapter 10: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter should cover design results discussion, conclusion and recommendations

4.1.12REFERENCES

All sources of information used should be listed in the references. Students must use the

Harvard reference system.

4.2 MODEL OR PROTOTYPE PRODUCTION

A HIT 400 project must be backed up with the production of either a model or a

prototype for the production processor of the designed equipment.

4.3 REPORT WRITING

The report should:

Have a minimum of 80 pages and maximum of 100 Have a font size 12, Times New Roman Be presented in one and half spacing

In the preliminary pages or front pages of the Design Project, the following materials are

presented:

The title page Abstract Declaration Copyright Dedication Acknowledgments Abbreviation Table of contents List of tables


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List of figures4.3.1 The title page

It is considered as page (i) but is left unnumbered. Titles are single spaced and are written

in upper case. If the title is more than one line it should break in a logical place for easy

reading. The title page shows:

Title of project Name of writer Purpose of the project Name of the Institute & Department Year

4.3.2 CopyrightThis is a form that grants the Harare Institute of Technology permission to produce

copies of the Research and Development Project and also reserves the authors

publication rights.

4.3.3 DeclarationThis serves as official acknowledgment and acceptance of the research project as

satisfactory. It is signed by your supervisor(s)

4.3.4 DedicationThis serves as a tribute or recognition to a specific individual or individuals.

4.3.5 The AbstractThe abstract is used by potential readers to determine at a glance, the contents of the

capstone design project. You should present it as a precise and well written summary.

Your abstract should contain:

A clear statement of the problem/ problems being solved. The purpose of the project. A summary of the methods used in the design of major equipment such as heat

exchangers, distillation columns etc.


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A statement of source and type of physical data collected and its use. A summaryof experimental work undertaken and the type of data collected and its use in the

design.

A summary of the findings, conclusions, recommendations and suggestions forfurther research. Your abstract should not be more than a page in length.

4.3.6 AcknowledgementsIn this section you thank persons to whom you are indebted for guidance and assistance

in making your study successful. You must present this section on a separate page.

4.3.7 Table of ContentsYou present an outline of the components of your design project. These components

include, the preliminaries and these are typed in lower case. They are arranged as

follows:

Title Page (i) Abstract (ii) Declaration (iii) Copyright (iv)

Dedication (v) Acknowledgements (vi) Table of Contents (vii) List of Tables (viii) List of Figures (ix) List of Appendices (x) Abbreviations

After the preliminaries you then list chapters and chapter headings and sub-headings

giving the page(s) where these are located in your design project. Lastly you present the

back pages materials, which are references and appendices. For typing you should ensure

that:


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Chapter numbers and preliminaries pages are typed in Roman numerals. Chapter titles and chapter numbers are typed in upper case. Sub-headings of each chapter are typed in lower case and are single spaced. Margins are 4.0cm on the left, 1.0 on the right hand side, 2.5cm at the top and

4.0cm at the bottom of the page.

Numbering of the pages should be at the centre bottom edge. Appendices are presented in Arabic numerals and typed in upper case.

4.3.8 List of FiguresAnything other than tables should be considered as a figure. You should write the figure

number, title and reference page. Type these in lower case.

4.3.9 List of TablesYou should show the table number, its title and reference page. This should be

done in lower case.

Abbreviations

All terms abbreviated in the project document should be specified in this category

5.0 Project assessment

The course will be taken over a two semesters and will be examined by oral and written

presentation of the project.

5.1 Oral presentations

The presentation will be evaluated on the following basis:

Organizationsystematic, logical and integrate Clarityeasy to follow and understand Presentation skills good voice, projection, eye contact, confident and good

results.

Visual aids- readable, understandable and pertinent


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ContentRelevance of the information presented to the solution of the problem Conclusionsdefensible and rationale provided Ability to answer questions effectively

5.2 Written report

Report writing is a key skill in presentation of information. As such students should show

a mastery of this. Assessment of the written report will be upon the following basis

Typographyspelling and grammar Information flowcoherence and cohesion of information Referencingknowledge of referencing skills, (the Harvard System) Contentrelevance of information in the document toward solving the problem Adherence to set rules - following the prescribed procedure

Final report assessment is based on the guidance given in Table 1.0:

The oral presentations will be assessed as shown in appendix IIII.

Table 1.0: Final Written Report Assessment

Performance Task Performance Criteria Score

Total 100

Abstract Cover all elements

Coherence

Concise

5

Problem Identification Wealth creation

Political needs

Problem solving

5

Literature Survey Journal

Internet

Textbooks

5


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Questionnaire

Research Methodology Laboratory work

Pilot plant study

Modelling

15

Experimental Results and

Analysis

Reaction kinetics

Scaling up

15

Process Design Mass balance

Energy balance

Technical composition

10

Equipment design Chemical engineering

design aspects

Mechanical engineering

design aspects

Material selection

Stress, strain calculations

15

Process Control and

HAZOP analysis

Selection of sensors

Monitoring devices

HAZOP studies

Environment Safety

5

Site Selection and Plant

Layout

Decision matrix for site

selection

Plant layout

5

Environment Impact

Assessment

Impact of product and by

products on the

5


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environment

Economic Analysis Payback period

Engineering cost factors

Cost indices

5

Conclusion and

Recommendations

Design results discussion

Innovativeness

Value creation

Problem solving

5

References 5

5.3 Overall assessment

The project will be evaluated in reference to Table 2.0:

Table 2.0: Assessments components

Work Component % of Final Course mark

First presentation 10%

Second presentation 10%

Final presentation 30%

Model or prototype development 20%

Final written project report 30%

Total 100%


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Students must submit 1 soft copy of the project, 1 spiral bound copy (for marking and

corrections) and two leather bound copies.

Title page Sample

HARARE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

LOGO

DESIGN OF A 5000 TONS PER ANNUM HIGH DENSITY POLY-ETHYLENE PLANT

FROM BIO-ETHANOL

BY

JOUSHUA J DUBE H2020067S

SUPERVISED BY

PROFESSOR P. MOYO

PROFESSOR M. ERIC

THIS DESIGN AND INNOVATION PROJECT WAS SUBMITTED TO HARARE

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE BACHELOR

OF TECHNOLOGY (HONOURS) DEGREE IN CHEMICAL AND PROCESS

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

2013

Copyright Sample page


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All rights reserved. No part of this design and innovation project may be reproduced,

stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,

mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise from scholarly purpose, without the

prior written permission of the author or of Harare Institute of Technology on behalf of

the author.


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Declaration Page Sample

DECLARATION

I, Joushua J Dube hereby do declare that this work has not previously been accepted in

substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any

degree.

Students Signature: . Date .

(Joushua J Dube)

Supervisors Signature: . Date .

(Professor P. Eric)


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Dedication Sample

DEDICATION

Firstly I would like to dedicate this piece of work to my mum and dad (Mr. and Mrs.

Dube) for the love and care they have given to me.

Abstract Sample Page

ABSTRACT

This report aims at documenting the design of a fractional distillation column to separate

crude oil into its various fractions. It covers the process design, mechanical design and

equipment costing.

Chapter 1 introduces the project, stressing out the design problem, its significance and the

methodologies used in going about with the project.

Chapter 2 covers the literature aspect of a fractional distillation column. It presents a brief

summary of what a fractional distillation is, the type of trays, reflux and reflux

considerations.

Chapter 3 contains the process calculations and design aspects of the project, with

equations, tables and graphs and enhances understanding of the design. A bit of extra

literature is provided for some parts designed such that readers will appreciate the way

the equipment should function.


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The process economics and estimated costing of the plant are given in chapter 4, whilst

chapter 5 discusses the design results, and chapter 6 the recommendations and the

conclusion which are therein presented.

Acknowledgements Sample

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly I would like to thank the Lord God almighty for his mercies, for seeing me

through this design and innovation project and throughout my life.

Secondary I would like to thank my supervisor Eng. Moyo for his guidance through

which I managed to come up with the dissertation and his time he set aside to superviseme.

Thirdly I would like to thank mum and dad for their encouragement and support. Special

appreciation goes to all my friends for the encouragement and technical support.

Lastly my sincere gratitude goes to all lecturers in the Chemical and Process Systems

Engineering Department, without them it would have been impossible for me to acquire

the knowledge and be able to undertake this project.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Copyright...i

Declaration.................................................................................................................... ii

Dedication.....................................................................................................................iii

Abstract ....................................................................................................................iv

Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................v

Table of contents ..vi

List of tables vii

List of figures ...viii

List of appendices..........................................................................................................ix


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5.1.1 Sorting ............................................................................................................. 21

5.1.3 Shredding......................................................................................................... 21

5.1.4 First Washing Phase (pre-grinding washing) ................................................. 21

5.1.5 Grinding .......................................................................................................... 21

Valve plate........ 11

Simple Valve Plate.................................................................................................... 12

Bubble Trays used in fractional distillation.............................................................. 13

TBP Crude oil plot.................................................................................................... 19

Comparison of computed stage temperature with plant data.................................... 22

Atmospheric Distillation Column............................................................................. 27

Process control of the Fractionating Column............................................................ 32


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List of Appendices

Appendix 1 Table of Average enthalpies 33

Appendix 2 Average particle sizes 37


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References

Levenspeil O (1999), Chemical Reaction Engineering, 3 rd edition, Jon Wiley and sons, New

York.

Neumann E. B. (1990), Chemical Reactor Design Optimization and Scale up, New York.

Perry R.H, Sheby M.G. (1984), Chemical Engineers Handbook, 6th edition, McGraw-Hill.

Quaik S.T, Embrandiri T.Z , RupaniP. F., SinghR. P., Ibrahim M. H. (2012), Effect of

Vermiwash and Vermicomposting Leachate in Hydroponics Culture of Indian Borage

(Plectranthus ambionicus) Plantlets, UMT 11th International Annual Symposium on

Sustainability Science and Management, pp.210-214


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APPENDIX I


CHEMICAL & PROCESS SYSTEMS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTHIT 400 PROPOSAL PRESENTATION ASSESSMENT FORM

Project Title: _____________________________________________________________

Students Name: _________________________ Student Number:___________________

Panelist: __________________________________

Criterion Total possible score Mark awarded

Organization 5

Clarity 5

Presentation skills 5

Problem Definition 5

Objectives 5

Innovation aspects 15

Project feasibility 5

Research design 15

Visual aids 5

Conclusions 10

Answering questions 25

Total marks awarded 100

NB: Maximum marks are awarded for the following:

1. Organization-systematic, logical and integrate2. Clarity-easy to follow and understand3. Presentation skills-good voice projection and eye contact, comfortable and confident4. Visual aids-readable, understandable and pertinent5. Conclusions-defensible and rationale provided6. Answering questions-ability to answer questions effectively

Panelists Signature: ______________________ Date:_______________________

Chairmans signature: ______________________ Date: _______________

APPENDIX 11


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CHEMICAL & PROCESS SYSTEMS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

HIT 400 PROGRESS PRESENTATION ASSESSMENT FORM

Project Title: _____________________________________________________________

Students Name: _______________________Student Number:___________________

Panelist: __________________________________


Organization 5

Clarity 5


Experimental results analysis 25

Process design 20

Visual aids 5

Conclusions 10



NB: Maximum marks are awarded for the following:

1. Organization-systematic, logical and integrate2. Clarity-easy to follow and understand3. Presentation skills-good voice projection and eye contact, comfortable and confident4. Visual aids-readable, understandable and pertinent5. Conclusions-defensible and rationale provided6. Answering questions-ability to answer questions effectively

Panelists Signature: ______________________ Date: _______________________

Chairmans signature: ______________________ Date: _______________________

APPENDIX III



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CHEMICAL & PROCESS SYSTEMS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

HIT 400 FINAL PRESENTATION ASSESSMENT FORM

Project Title:_____________________________________________________________

Students Name:_________________________ Student Number:___________________

Panelist:__________________________________


Organization 5

Clarity 5


Chemical engineering design 15

Mechanical engineering

design

5

Process control 5

Environmental Impact

Assessment

5

Economic analysis 5

Visual aids 5

Conclusions 5


Prototype or Model 20


Panelists Signature:______________________ Date:_______________________

Chairmans signature______________________ Date:_______________________

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