HIV to AIDS

Adam Jones

Main Theories

• THEORY 1– Began in 1940 in Africa

• Thought hunters were butchering monkeys that had SIV, a disease with similar characteristic as HIV

• THEORY 2– In the United States, common vaccinations were

unsanitary without regulations, and it is thought that this spread the disease

In the beginning…

First big outbreak– NYC 1981

– Thought it was “Gay Cancer”

1984 HIV virus discovered

What is HIV?

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus

• Results in AIDS– Acquired Immune Deficiency Disease

• Both Weaken the immune system

• HIV will not kill you…– AIDS is acquired and breaks down your

immune system

Diagnosis

• ELISA Test– If positive

• Western blot– Usually used to

confirm readings.

– If negative• Should take it another 2

times to be safe because it could be in the dormant stage.

Diagnosis Ctn’d

• More Tests to Confirm ELISA– Screening

• Count the anti-bodies

– Viral Load Test

– T Cell Count

HIV to AIDS

• Full blown Aids • possessing fewer than 200 T-cells

• At Least 2 Opportunistic Illnesses• Examples:

• Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC)

• Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC)

– Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

– Hepatitis

– Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

– Cryptococcal Meningitis

– Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

– Pneumonia (bacterial)

– Toxoplasmosis

Fluids to be aware of…

• Blood• Vaginal Secretions• Sperm• Breast Milk

Common Modes of Transmission

• Breast milk

– Breast Feeding

• Vaginal Secretions & Sperm

– Unprotected Sex

• Blood to Blood

– Sharing of needles

– Birth

– Tattoos

– Unprotected first-aid

– Blood Transfusions• Really rare now.

Is it Spreading?

• People usually spread the disease because they are unaware they have it.

• Blood transfusion?– Used to be a problem, but

now the bloods is tested before it can be used in the hospital.

• Donating?– After you donate, your

blood is tested for free so it is safe for the receiver.

Treatments

• Preventative/Therapeutic Vaccines • Different Prescribed Drugs to treat positive

people: – Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase

Inhibitors • NNRTIs bind to and disable reverse

transcriptase, a protein that HIV needs to make more copies of itself.

– Protease Inhibitors • PIs disable protease, a protein that HIV needs

to make more copies of itself

– Fusion Inhibitors • Fusion Inhibitors prevent HIV entry into cells

– Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

• NRTIs are faulty versions of building blocks that HIV needs to make more copies of itself. When HIV uses an NRTI instead of a normal building block, reproduction of the virus is stalled.

The Red Cross Helps Out!

• Many different public awareness programs– Programs:

• Basic aids/HIV

• African American aids/HIV

• Hispanic aids/HIV

• Workplace aids/HIV

• Programs for youth

• Get a FREE blood test– When You Donate blood

The Destruction Done?

• More than 20 million have died since aids was discovered.

• AIDS-associated illnesses caused the deaths of approximately 2.9 million people worldwide in 2003– estimated 490,000 children

younger than 15 years

• 37.8 million worldwide in 2003 were diagnosed

– 35.7 million adults and 2.1 million children younger than 15 years

• As of the end of 2002, an estimated 384,906 people in the United States were living with AIDS

– an estimated 501,669 people with AIDS in the US had died

• 40,000 new HIV infections occur each year in the United States, about 70 percent among men and 30 percent among women.

– Half are younger than 25

• estimate that 850,000 to 950,000 U.S. residents living with HIV infection

– 25% are unaware of their infection