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HIV/AIDSWith NetLogo,
AgentSheets, and Stella
Red Blood Cells
• Use Hemoglobin to carry oxygen.
• 5.2x106 per cubic millimeter of blood
• Carry 300% more oxygen than plasma
• Carries CO2 and waste away from tissue.
White Blood cells• Types of WBCs
– Neutrophils– Eosinophils– Basophiles– Monocytes– Helper T cells– Cytotoxic T cells – Memory T cells – Suppressor T cells
HIV/AIDS• Human Immunodeficiency
Virus• Advanced Immunodeficiency
Syndrome• Transferred through direct
bodily contact• Attacks Helper T-cells• Can only be transferred
through unprotected intercourse and the sharing of needles
Anatomy of the HIV Virus
• Gp120 Envelope Protein
• Gp41 Envelope Protein
• P17 matrix protein• P24 Capsule Protein • Reverse Transcriptase• The Lipid Membrane
Image from www.howstuffworks.com
Possible Infections
Virus travels through Bloodstream
Proteins cut and packaged with RNA
Budding new viruses
AIDS virus attaches to a CD4 receptor
Killer t-cells destroy affected cells
Transcription
HIV attacks t-cells
Reverse Transcription
Stopping The Virus
And now, Shodor Scholars Program presents…
Modeling of HIV and Hepatitis B using NetLogo, AgentSheets, and STELLA
Hepatitis B
Effects in the Bloodstream and in a Community
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Transmission
• Unprotected intercourse
• Sharing needles
• Children of infected parents
Risk Groups
• Promiscuity
• House hold contacts with an infected person
• Children born to infected mothers
Prevention
• Hepatitis B vaccine
• Safe Intercourse
• Personal evaluation of the disease
• Hospital testing
Symptoms
• Jaundice• Fatigue• Abdominal pain• Loss of appetite• Nausea• Vomiting• Joint pain
Developing Chronic Hepatitis vaccination
• 90% of infants affected at birth
• 30% of children affected at age 1-5
• 6% of person affected at 5
• Altogether 15-25% of infected persons
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Trends and Statistics• Number of infections
per year declined since 1980
• Highest rate runs from 20-49%
• 30% of infected people don’t show symptoms
Trends and Statistics
• The greatest decline occurs in children and adolescents
• Effective vaccines available since 1982
• Hepatitis is 100x easier to catch than HIV (AIDS)
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Conclusions
– As the virus spread, the immune system is weakened.
Conclusions
In the two-disease model, the second disease progresses faster.
The earlier one begins risky behavior, the more drastic the deaths in community.
Conclusions
• Increased deaths also results in increase in risky behavior.
• The same conclusions arise from global and local model.
Conclusions
– While not necessarily an acceptable societal choice, the models show that higher mortality could lead to lower diseased population