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HLTAID003

PROVIDE FIRST AID

WORK BOOK

To be used in conjunction with the

E M E R G N E C Y

H A N D B O O K FIFTH EDITION

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READY HEALTH NURSING COLLEGE

HLTAID003

PROVIDE FIRST AID

WORKBOOK

Student’s Name:

_____________________________________________

DATE: _____/______/_______

AT 0930HRS (9:30AM) TO 1600HRS (4:00PM)

THIS WORKBOOK MUST BE 100% COMPLETED BEFORE CLASS. PLEASE USE A BLACK PEN.

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CONTENTS Page Topic 1 First Steps in Emergency First Aid 4 Topic 2 Assessing the Victim 5 Topic 3 Rescue Breathing 6 Topic 4 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 7 Topic 5 Bleeding 8 Topic 6 Wounds 9 Topic 7 Infection Control in Wound Care 10 Topic 8 Altered Conscious States - Part 1 11 Topic 9 Altered Conscious States - Part 2 12 Topic 10 Breathing Emergencies 13 Topic 11 Exposure to Extremes of Heat 14 Topic 12 Exposure of Extremes of Cold 15 Topic 13 Poisons 16 Topic 14 Bites and Stings 17 Topic 15 Soft Tissue Injuries 18 Topic 16 Fractures 19

Systems of the Human Body 20-25

Scenarios READ ONLY 26-34 Notes 35

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Topic 1 – First Steps in Emergency First Aid

1. What phone number must you call in an emergency, if you’re using a: (page 3) (a) fixed landline phone

_______________ (b) Mobile phone

_______________

2. What important information must you pass on to Emergency Services when calling for help:

(page 3) • The exact _____________ of where they can find the victim/s • Number of _____________ involved • What type of injuries the ______________ have. • Details of the victim/s, such as Name, ______________, ________________, and ________________. • What _____________ are in the area, that Emergency staff need to be aware of to avoid injury.

3. When you have given first aid to any sick or injured person, you should always complete a report: (page 88) (circle the correct answer)

(a) in pencil to allow for corrections (b) in ink and use correction fluid if needed. (c) In Ink, without alterations unless these are made in ink and initialled by the first aider. (d) if an ambulance/paramedic has been called to treat the victim

4. When approaching any emergency scene, the first thing you should always check first for is: (page 4) __________________________________

5. List in order the 7 priorities identified in the Basic Life Support Flow Chart: (page 4) • _________________________________________________________________________________

• _________________________________________________________________________________

• _________________________________________________________________________________

• _________________________________________________________________________________

• _________________________________________________________________________________

• ________________________________________________________________________________

• _________________________________________________________________________________

6. In accordance with the information set out in your first aid book, consent to perform first aid if the victim is assumed when: (page 87)

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Topic 2 – Assessing the Victim

1. If the victim of an emergency has collapsed, you would check the level of consciousness by asking them: (page 5) • If they can ____________ you.

• To open their _______________

• To squeeze my _____________

2. If the sick or injured person does not respond and is unconscious, you would then: (page 5)

• Check for a ________________ • Place the person in the _____________ position. • Open their ____________ and remove anything ___________their airway. • Call ________________

3. If the sick or injured person has collapsed but is fully conscious and alert, you would then assess: (page 5)

• _________________________________________________________________________________

4. Circle the vital signs you might look for when observing a conscious victim: (page 90)

Pulse Age Smell Skin Temperature Weight Marital Status Respiration Rate

Anxiety Skin Colour Airway Bad Breath Height Ethnicity

5. Describe some symptoms and signs which may help direct your actions when making a first aid assessment of a conscious victim with a broken arm: (page 63)

• _________________________________________________________________________________ • _________________________________________________________________________________ • _________________________________________________________________________________

6. What information can you ask the victim to help you make a first aid assessment: (page 89)

• _________________________________________________________________________________ • _________________________________________________________________________________ • _________________________________________________________________________________ • _________________________________________________________________________________ • _________________________________________________________________________________

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Topic 3 – Rescue Breathing

1. You would check whether a collapsed person is breathing normally by: (page 6)

• _____________________________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Rescue Breathing is performed when: (page 7)

a) When the person can no longer breath on their own b) When the person has shallow breathing

3. List three causes of collapse for which Rescue Breathing may be needed: (multiple pages)

• _____________________________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________________________

4. When performing Rescue Breathing describe some differences in the head tilt position for: (page 8-20) An adult: _____________________________________________________________________________ A child: _______________________________________________________________________________ A baby: _______________________________________________________________________________

5. For Rescue Breathing, describe the type of breaths and how you would give them to: (page 8-20)

Size and Number of Breaths / Puffs How often / per second

An adult

A child

A baby

6. If available, you could protect yourself and your victim from any risks of cross infection by using a…? (page 8)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. After giving two breaths of Rescue Breathing, you should…….? (page 8)

a) Watch the ____________________________________________________________________________ b) Listen and feel for______________________________________________________________________

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Topic 4 – Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

1. When checking for signs of life you would look for: (multiple pages) (circle the correct answer)

A) Response, Breathing and Pulse B) Breathing and Response C) Pulse and Heart Rate D) Breathing and Pulse

2. You would only give Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) to a person when: (page 7)

• __________________________________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________________

3. Describe how pressure is applied when performing CPR and the depth of compression required on: (page 24)

Number of Hands or Fingers Chest depth

An adult

A child

A baby

4. State the approximate rate of compressions and ratio of compressions to breaths that are necessary for effective resuscitation when performing CPR:

(page 24)

• Compression rate: Approx. _________Compressions / minute

• Ratio of compressions to breaths: _________ : ____ breaths / puffs

5. When should you perform regular change-overs. The best time to change over is: (page 9)

A) When tired B) Every 2 minutes C) When Stressed D) Any of the above

6. If a heavily pregnant woman needs CPR, you should position her how? (page 23)

________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

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Topic 5 – Bleeding

1. Describe the general first aid management for control of external bleeding on a limb: (page 35) (circle the 1 correct answer)

a) Wash wound, Apply a cold press, Take to hospital b) Apply direct pressure to wound, Bandage tightly, Raise the limb and seek medical treatment c) Apply slight pressure to wound, Give the person Panadol and seek medical treatment

2. List the symptoms and signs likely to occur with major loss of blood from the circulation: (page 35) • ___________________________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________________________

3. True or False. If there is a wound with an embedded object, you should: (page 36) • Remove the object True or False • Bandage around the object True or False • Apply pressure True or False

4. Describe the typical causes and first aid response needed for the following: (page 39)

Wound Typical cause First Aid

Abrasion

Contusion/Bruise

Laceration/incision

Puncture

5. Describe the actions required if a person had a finger amputated in an accident: (page 37)

For the person For the amputated part

6. Describe possible external signs of internal bleeding from the…: (page 40)

Head

Lungs

Stomach

Upper bowel

Lower bowel

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Topic 6 – Wounds

1. What type of wound types describe the following injuries? (page 39)

Injury Type of wound

A flap of skin torn away from the normal position

Bleeding caused by pressure waves from an explosion

Gun shot

2. State the most serious sites on the body for a crush injury to occur: (page 38) • ______________________ • ______________________ • ______________________ • ______________________ • ______________________

3. If the crushing force is still in place when you arrive, you should: (page 38)

• _____________________________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________________________

4. A teenager has tripped and knocked out two front teeth. You should: (page 75)

1. ________________ the victim and the ________________ 2. Control any ________________ promptly and Replace the tooth in the original ________________ in

the socket, or place the tooth in a glass of ________________. 3. Obtain ________________ or ________________ advice and care.

5. Give an example of both a minor and major eye injury, and describe the best first aid treatment for each: (page 61)

Minor eye injury Major eye injury

Example: Example:

F/A Treatment: F/A Treatment:

6. Name four symptoms and signs that could indicate a chest injury: (page 45)

1. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________________________

7. What is the best way to position a conscious victim with a suspected broken rib? (page 65)

Assist victim into a position of ________________ comfort, usually ________________ with support.

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Topic 7 – Infection Control in Wound Care

A worker may ask the workplace first aid person to look at an injury already treated. You may need to replace a bandage because the current dressing has become wet or soiled, or when it is awkward for the person to replace it without assistance.

1. Describe the basic rules for first aid in regard to infection control: (page 100)

Before handling a wound (when possible)

When the first aider has a cut

How to avoid inhalation of any infectious droplets

How the first aider is protected from body fluid splashes

How the first aider should handle any contaminated clothing

How to safely dispose of used dressings etc.

How to care for used instruments etc.

2. In addition to hand washing and the use of disposable gloves, some basic rules for wound care in the following circumstances are: (page 100)

What to do for dirt in the wound

How to manage direct wound contact

How to apply a dressing

When you see any discharge

When the wound has been dressed

When to refer for medical advice

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Topic 8 – Altered Conscious States – Part 1

1. List three injuries which could cause an altered conscious state, and describe the first aid which could be given for each one while waiting for the arrival of an ambulance: (multiple pages)

Cause First Aid Management

2. Explain the danger of leaving an unconscious but breathing person lying on the back: (page 5)

________________________________________________________________________________________

3. An unconscious but breathing victim should be placed: (page 5)

________________________________________________________________________________________

4. a) List five symptoms and signs suggesting that a person has suffered a stroke: (page 85)

1. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. _____________________________________________________________________________________

c) A stroke may be caused by either: (page 85) • ______________________________________________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________________________________________

(c) In a first aid situation where you suspect stroke, you should position the: (page 85) A conscious victim _________________________________________________________________________ The unconscious victim _____________________________________________________________________

6. The following symptoms and signs may indicate certain emergency problems. State the relevance of each one to a possible cause or result of injury or illness: (multiple pages)

Slow or drowsy response

Pale skin colour

Eyes with unequal pupils

Noisy and laboured breathing

Weak and rapid pulse

Convulsive movements

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Topic 9 – Altered Conscious States – Part 2

1. (a) A seizure may occur in a person with a medical condition known as: (page 55) _____________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Appropriate first aid treatment for an adult seizure includes: (page 55) _____________________________________________________________________________________

2. (a) Feverish convulsion in a baby or small child can be caused by: (page 56)

_____________________________________________________________________________________ (b) The first aid for feverish convulsion includes: (page 56) 1. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________________________________________

(c) Where there is some recent history of a blow to the head, you should maintain regular observations of: (page 69) • ________________________________________________________________________

• ________________________________________________________________________

• ________________________________________________________________________

• ________________________________________________________________________

3. When first aid consists of giving a sweetened drink or glucose lollies the condition is called? (page 58)

a) Hypoglycaemia b) Hyperglycaemia

4. Shock:

(page 79)

a) can be recognised by: ______________________________________________________________ b) should be managed by: ______________________________________________________________

5. State the some of the symptoms and signs of a skull fracture:

(page 69) • ________________________________

• ________________________________

• ________________________________

• ________________________________

6. The victim of a suspected concussion should be managed by: (page 69) • ________________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________

7. Describe the difference between:

(page 71) Angina: ______________________________________________________________________________ heart attack: __________________________________________________________________________

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Topic 10 – Breathing Emergencies

1. There are several ‘trigger factors’ that can cause a severe asthma attack, including: (page 26)

•____________________________________________________________________________________ •____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________

2. The emergency first aid treatment for a severe asthma attack includes: (page 26)

•____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________ •____________________________________________________________________________________ •____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________

3. In a choking emergency, if a child is coughing effectively, you should: (page 51)

•____________________________________________________________________________________ •____________________________________________________________________________________

4. If a choking person is unable to breathe, speak, cry or cough effectively, you should: (page 51)

•____________________________________________________________________________________ •____________________________________________________________________________________ •____________________________________________________________________________________ •____________________________________________________________________________________

5. If a teenager is suffering from hyperventilation following an emotional crisis, you may be able to slow down the rapid breathing rate by: (page 74)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. After a person has been rescued from nearly drowning, the conscious but coughing victim needs:

(page 5)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Topic 11 – Exposure to Extremes of Heat

1. List four ways in which a person can receive a burn injury: (page 73) • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________

2. List some symptoms and signs of a burn injury: (page 41)

• __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________

3. List the first aid treatment required for four different types of burns: (page 41)

Burn Type First aid treatment

4. While waiting for ambulance assistance for the victim of inhalation burns involving the mouth or throat, you should closely observe: (page 44)

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

5. It is important to cover a burn because: (page 42)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Name two illnesses associated with exposure to hot conditions and list some symptoms and signs of each: (page 73)

Condition Symptoms and Signs

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Topic 12 – Exposure to Extremes of Cold

1. Hypothermia is a condition caused by exposure to: (page 53) _____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Some of the symptoms and signs of hypothermia include: (page 53) •____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Describe some preventative action that could be taken to avoid the condition of hypothermia:

(page 53) •____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________

4. If a person is not treated in the early stage of hypothermia, the risks are:

(page 53) •____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Outline the first aid treatment for hypothermia: (page 53) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. The symptoms and signs of frostbite may include: (page 54) •____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________________________________________

7. The first aid management for frostbite of the fingers or toes includes: (page 54) •_____________________________________________________________________________________________ •_____________________________________________________________________________________________ •_____________________________________________________________________________________________ •_____________________________________________________________________________________________ •_____________________________________________________________________________________________

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Topic 13 – Poisons

1. Give examples of the ways in which a poison might enter the body: (page 77)

Way of Entry Example

2. When calling for medical aid for a poison victim, the following information should be given: (page 76 & 3)

• ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________

3. State the emergency number of the Poisons Information Centre: (page 76) _________________________________________________________________

4. Describe what should be done for someone who has swallowed a corrosive poison and has burns around the mouth: (page 76)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. A person has collapsed on the footpath and appears to be semi-conscious and suffering from the effects of either alcohol or drugs. When giving first aid to the victim you should consider the following: (page 59)

• ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________

6. If you find a used syringe and needle lying on the ground in a public place, you should: (page 60)

• ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________

7. If you accidentally injure yourself on a used needle, you should: (page 60)

• ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________

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Topic 14 – Bites and Stings

1. Outline the first aid treatment for a venomous snake bite: (page 30)

• ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Outline the first aid treatment for envenomation by a: (page 29-31)

Red Back Spider

Funnel Web Spider

Honey Bee

3. Describe the first aid treatment for the following marine animal bite/stings: (page 33)

Type General First Aid

Jellyfish in cool waters

Blue-ringed octopus bites and Cone Shell stings

Stonefish, Bullrout, and Stingray stings

4. The pressure immobilisation technique should be used for the following venomous bites/stings: (page 29)

• ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________

5. The signs that might indicate a person is having a severe allergic reaction include: (page 27)

• ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________

6. In the case of a severe allergic anaphylactic reaction, the immediate first aid includes: (Page 27)

• __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________

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Topic 15 – Soft Tissue Injuries

1. Describe a dislocation injury: (page 83)

• ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________

2. The first aid for a dislocation injury includes: (page 83)

• ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________

3. State the differences between a sprain and a strain: (page 83)

Sprain Strain

4. The initial first aid for a sprained ankle includes: (page 83)

• ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________

5. (a) Describe a cold compress and state occasions where it could be used as a first aid treatment: (page 84)

• ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Describe an ice pack and state how it should be used in first aid:

(pages 31,34,81,84,)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. What is the maximum duration of time, an ice pack can be placed at any one time, on an injured child: (page 84)

(a) 5 minutes (b) 10 minutes (c) 15 minutes.

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Topic 16 – Fractures

1. The bones of the body are important, because they: (page 63)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The term “fracture” means (page 63)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. List some symptoms and signs that may indicate a fracture: (page 63)

• ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Describe the appropriate first aid treatment that could be given while waiting for an ambulance where the victim is conscious and suspected of having a: (multiple pages)

(a) broken jaw __________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

(b) spinal injury ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(c) broken upper leg ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(d) broken elbow (where elbow is STRAIGHT) __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

(e) broken elbow (where elbow is BENT) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(f) broken hip ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Describe the first aid for the following injuries when the first aider may need to transport the victim to medical aid: (page 63-68)

(a) suspected broken finger __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) suspected broken lower arm __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Systems of the Human Body (page 107-109) The Breathing Process

1. On the drawing, show and name four different parts of the respiratory system.

2. In simple terms describe how air moves

from the atmosphere to the lungs:

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

3. Explain what happens to air in the

alveoli:

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

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The Circulation of Blood

1. On the drawing show and name three major parts of the circulation.

2. Name the blood vessels which carry

oxygenated blood from the heart around the body:

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

3. Name the blood vessels which circulate

blood that is low in oxygen:

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

4. Name the small blood vessels that are

between those that deliver oxygen to the tissues, and those which return blood to the heart.

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

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The Nervous System

1. On the drawing show and name two main parts of the nervous system.

2. Describe the functions of the brain:

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

3. Describe the main functions of the spinal

cord: _____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

4. State the three types of nerves found in

the spinal cord:

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

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The Lymphatic System

1. On the drawing show and name three areas where lymph nodes are found.

2. State the name of the fluid which

circulates through the lymphatic system:

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

3. Outline two major functions of the

lymphatic system:

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

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The Digestive System

1. On the drawing show and name six separate parts of the digestive system.

2. Outline the way in which food passes

from the mouth to the rectum:

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

The Urinary System

1. On the drawing show and name the two major structures of the urinary system.

2. Describe the major function of the

kidneys: _____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

3. State the major function of the bladder: _____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

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The Skeleton

1. On the drawing show and name six separate bones of the body.

2. Name the three soft tissue structures

which provide flexibility and movement at joints:

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

3. State the approximate number of bones

that make up the human skeleton:

____________________________________

The Skin

1. On the drawing show and name three

different structures.

2. Describe two different functions of the skin:

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

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SCENARIOS * READ ONLY * In the following incidents, ask yourself, or if in a group, discuss:

• Immediate/future dangers

• Appropriate first aid

• Possible cause of events

• First decisions

• Need for further help

• Prevention methods

• Possible illness/injury

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NOTES