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HMA Quiet Pavement Overview Illinois Bituminous Paving Conference Urbana, Illinois December 7,2006 Mark Swanlund Office of Pavement Technology
HMA Quiet Pavement Overview
Illinois Bituminous Paving Conference Urbana, Illinois
December 7,2006
Mark Swanlund
Office of Pavement Technology
Presentation Outline
• Sources of traffic noise• Tire-pavement noise mechanisms• Methods for reducing noise on HMA • Ongoing research
Sources of Traffic Noise
Source: Ulf Sandberg
Components of Tire-Pavement Noise
Microtexture Macrotexture Megatexture
1 mm 10 mm 100 mm 1 m 10 m
Roughness
100μm10μm1μm 100 m1/8 in. 1 in. 1 ft. 10 ft. 100 ft.10 mil1 mil0.1 mil
Rolling Resistance
Ride Quality
Wet Weather Friction
Dry Weather Friction
Tire Wear Vehicle Wear
In-Vehicle Noise
Tire-Pavement Noise
Splash and Spray
Good Bad
Key:
Textu
reW
avele
ngth
PIAR
CCa
tegor
yPa
veme
nt Su
rface
Cha
racte
ristic
(PSC
)Inf
luenc
eTexture-Noise Relationship
Source: Iowa State University
Pavement Factors
Source: Ulf Sandberg
No. Parameter Degree of influence
1 Macrotexture Very high
2 Megatexture High
3 Microtexture Low -moderate
4 Unevenness Minor
5 Porosity Very high
6 Thickness of layer High, for porous surfaces
7 Adhesion (normal) Low/moderate
8 Friction (tangent.) See microtexture
9 Stiffness Uncertain, moderate (?)
Pavement Factors – Texture
-2
-1
0
1
2(mm)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 (mm)
Negative skewNegative texture
-1
0
1
2(mm) Positive skew
Positive texture
Source: Ulf Sandberg
Pavement Technologies
• Asphalt technologies– Fine Superpave mixes– Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA)– Porous Friction Course
Fine Superpave Mixes
Fine Superpave Mixes
• Small aggregate size• Fine gradation• Dense graded• Pooled fund
12.5 mm Superpave Design Gradations
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Sieve Size (FHWA 0.45 Power Chart)
Perc
ent P
assi
ng
SMA 12.5 Fine OGFC
Noise Level vs. Aggregate Size
NCAT Report 06-06
A-Weighted SPL Superpave
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
316 398 501 631 794 1000 1259 1585 1995 2512 3162 3981Freq (Hz)
Soun
d Le
vel (
dBA
)
4.75mm Superpave9.5mm Superpave12.5mm Superpave
Source: Univ. of Washington
Stone Matrix Asphalt
Stone Matrix Asphalt
• Small aggregate size• Gap-graded
aggregate(usually from coarse aggregate
• Manufactured sands and mineral filler
• Asphalt binder typically modified
Source: Univ. of Washington
Stone Matrix Asphalt
Source: Univ. of Washington, Mark Swanlund
NCAT Report 06-06
Noise Level vs. Aggregate SizeA-Weighted SPL SMA
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
316 398 501 631 794 1000 1259 1585 1995 2512 3162 3981 Freq (Hz)
Soun
d Le
vel (
dBA
) 9.5mm SMA12.5mm SMA19mm SMA
Porous Friction Course
Courtesy of Doug Hanson
• Small aggregate size• Open-graded aggregate
– High volume of voids≥ 20% air voids, in place
• Thick asphalt binder coating
• Array of tortuous pores• Dissipates energy through
friction• Reduce surface area and
slip-stick or slap• Reduces horn effect• Modified binders may
increase elasticity
Porous Friction Course
Porous Friction Course
Source: Mark Swanlund
98.693.891.5Noise Level17 %--Air Voids6.145.005.42Fineness Modulus3.221.2No. 200-11-No. 169-6No. 8
144538No. 456951003/8 inch89100-½ inch
100--¾ inch
12.5 mm9.5 mm4.75 mmNominal Max Size
AL 1 – 72Nevada1Arizona1Gradation
OGFC GRADATIONS
Courtesy of Doug Hanson
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000
Frequency (Hz)
Noi
se L
evel
(dB
)
Nevada - {93.8 dB(A)}
Alabama {98.6 dB(A)}
Arizona - {91.5 dB(A)}
Courtesy of Doug Hanson
Porous Friction Course
Source: Ulf Sandberg
CPX trailer, 4 ref tires
Source: Ulf Sandberg
Pavement Performance
Open-graded Asphalt
Concrete
Typical Sound Intensity (dBA)1101081061041021009896
Dense-graded Asphalt
Source: Transtec CPSC
Pavement Performance
POP QUIZ
Quiet or Loud?
10 mm
Calcined Bauxite, 1-3mm
10 mm
Zebragrip, CalcinedBauxite, 1-3mm
Dense graded HMA, 20M ESALs, 19mm
20 mm
10 mm
Superpave, 9.5mm, 20M ESALS, 0.8mm MTD
Milled Asphalt
20 mm
Hot Rolled Asphalt 20mm
20 mm
OGFC, 20M ESALs,
NMS 12.5mm, MTD 1.6mm
20 mm
Ongoing Research
• NCAT and Purdue University– development & evaluation of low noise
pavements• Poroelastic Road Surface (PERS)
NCAT and Purdue Quiet Pavement Development
• Develop and evaluate quiet pavement technology – Double layer porous– Thin, gap-graded asphalt layers
AU 4-C2 Sections
TrackLayer 2
9.5 DGA4.75 DGA9.5 SMA4.75 SMA< 4.75 SMALayer 1 (1¼ inches)
S 8S 7S 6 S 5S 4
TrackLayer 2
9.5 DGA4.75 DGA9.5 SMA4.75 SMA< 4.75 SMALayer 1 (1¼ inches)
S 8S 7S 6 S 5S 4
South Tangent
TrackPEMPEMAZ OGFCTrackLayer 2 (1 ¼ inches)
PEMPEMAZ OGFCAZ OGFCAZ OGFCLayer 1 (1 ¼ inches)
N 9N 8N 7N 6 N 5
TrackPEMPEMAZ OGFCTrackLayer 2 (1 ¼ inches)
PEMPEMAZ OGFCAZ OGFCAZ OGFCLayer 1 (1 ¼ inches)
N 9N 8N 7N 6 N 5
North Tangent
Courtesy of Doug Hanson
AZ OGFC and Georgia PEM
20 mm
AU 4-C2 Sections
TrackLayer 2
9.5 DGA4.75 DGA9.5 SMA4.75 SMA< 4.75 SMALayer 1 (1¼ inches)
S 8S 7S 6 S 5S 4
TrackLayer 2
9.5 DGA4.75 DGA9.5 SMA4.75 SMA< 4.75 SMALayer 1 (1¼ inches)
S 8S 7S 6 S 5S 4
South Tangent
TrackPEMPEMAZ OGFCTrackLayer 2 (1 ¼ inches)
PEMPEMAZ OGFCAZ OGFCAZ OGFCLayer 1 (1 ¼ inches)
N 9N 8N 7N 6 N 5
TrackPEMPEMAZ OGFCTrackLayer 2 (1 ¼ inches)
PEMPEMAZ OGFCAZ OGFCAZ OGFCLayer 1 (1 ¼ inches)
N 9N 8N 7N 6 N 5
North Tangent
Courtesy of Doug Hanson
AU 4-C2 Sections
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
OGFC/PEM(N 7)
Thick OGFC(N 6)
Thin OGFC(N 5)
PEM(Original)
Thick PEM(N 8)
DGA(Original)
Thin PEM (N9)
SMA(Original)
Noi
se L
evel
(dB
(A))
OBSI Spectra @60 MPH, GDYR
Source NCAT Report 06-04
A-Weighted OBSI Porous Asphalt
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
316 398 501 631 794 1000 1259 1585 1995 2512 3162 3981Freq (Hz)
Soun
d Le
vel (
dBA
)
N5 Thin OGFCN6 Thick OGFCN7 OGFC/PEMN8 Thick PEMN9 Thin PEM
Poroelastic Road Surface (PERS)
Source: Ulf Sandberg
Poroelastic Road Surface (PERS)
Source: Ulf Sandberg
Poroelastic Road Surface (PERS)
Source: Ulf Sandberg
Thank You
Mark SwanlundOffice of Pavement Technology
