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HMS 16 HMS 16/Week2 Thursday 6pm-8:50pm Instructor: Thu Tran, MSW
HMS 16HMS 16/Week2
Thursday 6pm-8:50pm
Instructor: Thu Tran, MSW
Entitlement
● Can be delivered as cash assistance or as in-kind.
● People are guaranteed help if they meet certain criteria.
● Once a person is eligible to receive a benefit, there is
no time limit to the receipt of that benefit.
Cash Assistance
● The transfer of money from the government to a person in need.
● Provided after the level of financial need has been determined.
● Based on:
o Level of person or family’s need
o Number of people in the family
o Provisions of the program
A set amount is determined and a monthly check is provided.
● Recipient determines exactly how to spend the money.
In-Kind Benefits
● Are aids in the form of tangible items.
● Can be used only for specified services.
● Several criteria for eligibility based on type of aid(s).
Public Assistance Programs
● Are designed to alleviate poverty.
● They are means-tested programs: people must be poor
to qualify for benefits.
● What are the stigmas behind public assistance
programs?
Social Insurance Programs
● Aim to prevent poverty rather than alleviate it.
● Workers and employers pay into these programs
● Are there stigmas for social insurance programs?
Major Social Welfare
Programs at a Glance
SI-CA:Old Age Survivors Disability
Insurance (OASDI)
● First developed as part of the Social Security Act of 1935
● Provides benefits when a covered worker retires or
becomes disabled, and it also covers the surviving
spouse or children under 18 years of a covered worker.
● Each employee contributes a percentage of his or her wage
and the employer matches that amount.
● The program determines benefits according to the duration
of past employment and earnings.
SI-CA: Unemployment
Insurance● Commonly referred to as UI, provides:
o Weekly unemployment insurance payments for workers
who lose their job through no fault of their own.
● 100% funded by employers who pay taxes on wages paid to
employees.
● Payment is based on:
o Individual’s earning over a one-year period
o Level of support
● Length of time support is offered up to 26 weeks in most states.
SI-CA: Workers’
Compensation● What is workers’ compensation?
o Should an employee be hurt on the job, she or he may
qualify for workers compensation.
o Provides supplemental wages while a person is unable to
work.
● Workers’ Comp. Insurance provides 6 basic benefits:
o Medical care
o Temporary disability
o Permanent disability
o Supplemental job displacement
o Vocational rehabilitation
o Death
SI-IKB: Medicare
● What is Medicare?
o It is our country’s health insurance program for:
People age 65 or older
People under age 65 with certain disabilities
People of any age with End Stage Renal Disease
(permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a
kidney transplant)
o Helps with the cost of health care but it does not cover all
medical expenses or the cost of most long-term care.
o Financed by a portion of the payroll taxes paid by workers
and their employers and in part by monthly premiums
deducted from Social Security checks.
● The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services is the agency in
charge of the Medicare Program.
SI-IKB: Medicare
● Medicare has 4 parts:
o Hospital insurance (Part A) that helps pay for inpatient care in a
hospital or skilled nursing facility (following a hospital stay), some
home health care and hospice care.
o Medical insurance (Part B) that helps pay for doctors’ services and
many other medical services and supplies that are not covered by
hospital insurance.
o Medicare Advantage (Part C) plans are available in many areas.
People with Medicare Parts A and B can choose to receive all of their
health care services through one of these provider organizations
under Part C.
o Prescription drug coverage (Part D) that helps pay for medications
doctors prescribe for treatment.
SI-IKB: Veterans Health
Services● Any person who completes military service is eligible to
receive medical care through the Department of
Veterans Affairs health facilities.
● A veteran is eligible for veterans’ health services throughout
his or her lifetime.
● General eligibility:
o Is based upon discharge from active military service under
other than dishonorable conditions.
Active services means full-time service, other than active
duty for training, as a member of the Army, Navy, Air
Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard or as commissioned
officers.
o Dishonorable and bad conduct discharges issued by
general courts-martial may bar VA benefits.
SI-IKB: Veterans Health
Services● Health & Well-Being
o Health Care
o Refill Prescription
o Suicide Prevention
o PTSD & Mental Health
o Public Health (General Health)
● Burials & Memorials
o Cemetery Services
o Burials
o Headstone & markers
o Presidential Memorial Certificates
o Cemeteries
o Nationwide Gravesite Locator
o Burial Flags
o Burial Allowance
● Benefits & Services
o Disability Compensation
o Pension
o GI Bill
o Vocational Rehabilitation & Employment
o Dependents’ Educational Assistance
o Survivor Benefits (for surviving families)
o Home Loans
o Life Insurance
o Traumatic Injury Insurance
PA-CA: Temporary Assistance for
Needy Families
● Was established in 1996 to replace the Aid to Families
with Dependent Children program.
● Designed to provide monthly cash benefits for poor
families.
● Eligibility:
o Low income
o Families can receive benefits up to two years at a time for
a maximum of five years.
o Adults must be involved in efforts to achieve employment
while receiving benefits.
o Must spend 20 hours per week in a job or job-related activity.
PA-CA: Temporary Assistance for
Needy Families
● TANF is funded through annual federal block grant.
● How do you think this may affect different agencies that
provides services to poverty stricken families?
● What does a TANF family look like?
o Typically consists of one female adult and two young children,
although almost half have only one child.
o 57% Caucasian, 35% African American, 20% Hispanics
o On average, families receive $370 a month, which provides for
an annual income of $4400 (US. Dept of Health and Human
Services, 2007)
California 2005: $702a month/ $9448/year for 1 adult, 3
children
o Most receive food stamps, and almost all are eligible for
medical assistance under Medicaid.
PA-CA: Temporary Assistance for
Needy Families
● What does a TANF family look like?
o Typically consists of one female adult and two young children,
although almost half have only one child.
o 57% Caucasian, 35% African American, 20% Hispanics
o On average, families receive $370 a month, which provides for
an annual income of $4400 (US. Dept of Health and Human
Services, 2007)
California 2005: $702 a month/ $948/year for 1 adult, 3
children
o Most receive food stamps, and almost all are eligible for
medical assistance under Medicaid.
PA-CA: Supplemental Security
Income (SSI)● The program was created as part of the Social Security Act
in 1935, and was actually 3 separate programs for people
who have low income and few resources:
o Age 65+
o Blind
o Disabled
● Program provides cash assistance for the older, blind
and/or disabled. Benefits amounts are adjusted on the
basis of other income the person receives.
PA-CA: Supplemental Security
Income (SSI)
PA-CA: Supplemental Security
Income (SSI)● Rules you must meet:
o Live in the U.S. or Northern Mariana Islands
o Be a U.S. citizen or naturalized
o Some noncitizen resident can qualify for SSI
o Income counts (such as)
o Food & Shelter
o Resources counts (such as)
o Real estate, Bank Accounts, Cash, Stocks & Bonds.
o These are a few determining factors that permits an individual
to receive or not receive SSI benefits.
PA-CA: General Assistance
● Designed to provide relief and support to indigent adults
who are not supported by their own means, other public
funds or assistance programs.
o Some states will offer cash assistance to single able-
bodied men and women under 65 years of age who
are poor.
● Each county’s GA/GR (general relief) program is established
and funded 100% by its own Board of Supervisors.
PA-IKB: Medicaid
● Provides health coverage and medical care to people in
poverty, which included the working poor.
● Medicaid generally covers:
o Physicians services, diagnostic tests, home health
services, and long term care.
o In addition, all states provide eye and dental care and
prescription drugs.
o Almost all states provide physical therapy, hospice care
and rehabilitative services.
● It is a “vendor” plan because payment is made directly
to the vendor (the person or entity that provides
services) rather than to the patient.
PA-IKB: Medicaid
● Medicaid furnishes at least five general categories of
treatment:
o In-patient hospital services
o Out-patient hospital services
o Laboratory and X-ray services
o Skilled nursing home services
o Physicians’ services
PA-IKB: Medicaid
● Then:
○ Persons who were eligible had the right to select their own
doctors, hospital, or other medical facilities.
● Now:
○ Due to skyrocketing medical expenditures, almost all states have
received waivers from the federal government concerning the
choice of physician and now refer their Medicaid clients to
private, Managed Care programs.
○ Managed Care is a general term that refers to health plans
that attempt to control the cost and quality of care by
coordinating medical and other health related services.
PA-IKB: Medicaid
● In order to qualify for Medicaid in California you must:
○ Live in California
○ Be in the U.S. legally or be a citizen
○ Meet the income requirements as well as the age requirements for the
particular California Medicaid Programs
● Different populations that are eligible for Medicaid in California:
○ Families who are eligible for AFDC/TANF based upon income
○ Recipients of Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
○ Babies of that are born to mothers who are Medicaid-eligible pregnant women;
○ Children who are under the age of 6 whose family income is at or below 133
percent of the federal poverty level
○ Children ages 6-18 whose family income is up to 100 percent of the federal
poverty level
○ Those receiving adoption assistance
○ Foster care children
○ Those receiving Medicare benefits
PA-CA: Food Stamp
● The Food Stamp Act of 1964, passed as part of the War
on Poverty, provides credit that can be used for food at
commercial grocery stores.
o Eligibility is set by the federal government and is standard
across the nation. The program is funded by general tax
revenues.
o This federal program helps low-income individuals and
households purchase food.
o The use of coupons or cards allows recipients discretion
in choosing what food items to buy, but they many not be
used to purchase alcoholic beverage, tobacco, paper
goods, toiletries or ready-to-eat foods.
Watch Video
PA-CA: Public Housing
● There are two major types of in-kind government support to
help low income people with housing:
o Public housing
o Section 8 housing
PA-CA: Public Housing
● Public Housing
o Properties are residential units in federally built complexes
administered by local authorities. Eligible poor families or
elderly persons pay minimal rent for such apartments.
● Eligibility:
o Limited to low-income families and individuals. Lower income
limits is at 80% and very low income limits at 50% of the
median income for the county or metropolitan area.
o Annual gross income
o Whether you qualify as elderly, a person with a disability or as
a family
o U.S. citizenship or eligible immigration status
PA-CA: Public Housing
● Section 8 Housing:
● Involves government vouchers given to low-income families to
supplement their rent. Privately owned apartments are officially
designated by local authorities as Section 8 residences and are
available to voucher recipients.
● Housing Choice Vouchers: assisting very low income families, the elderly
and disabled to afford decent, safe and sanitary housing in the private
market.
● Participants are able to find their own housing and housing subsidy
is paid to the landlord directly by the PHA on behalf of the family.
● Eligibility:
● Based on total annual gross income and family size. Not to exceed 50% of
the median income for the county or metropolitan area.
● Limited to U.S. citizens and specified categories of non-citizens who have
eligible immigration status.
PA-CA: Public Housing
● Section 8 Housing:
● Local preferences and waiting list:
o Since the demand for housing assistance often exceeds the limited resources
available to HUD and the local housing agencies, long waiting periods are
common. In fact, a PHA may close its waiting list when it has more
families on the list than can be assisted in the near future.
o PHA may establish local preferences for selecting applicants from its
waiting list.
Homeless or living in substandard housing
Paying more than 50% of its income for rent
Involuntarily displaced
Watch Video
PA-CA: Supplemental Food
Program for WICo A federal program that provides nutrition and
health assistance to low-income pregnant and
new mothers, infants and children up to the age
of five years.
o The program includes vouchers that can be
redeemed for nutritious foods such as milk and eggs
and for educational programs.
Watch Video
PA-CA: School Breakfast and
Luncho Is a federally assisted meal program operating in public and
nonprofit private schools and residential child care institutions.
o Administered by the Food and Nutrition Service
o How does it work?
o School districts and independent schools that choose to take part in
the breakfast program receive cash subsidies from the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) for each meal they serve.
o They must serve breakfasts that meet Federal requirements, and they
must offer free or reduced price breakfasts to eligible children.
o Eligibility:
Children from families with incomes at or below 130% of the
Federal poverty level.
Watch Video
