Date post: | 01-Nov-2014 |
Category: |
Business |
Upload: | denizcilik-ve-gemi-muhendisligi-sayfasi |
View: | 7 times |
Download: | 2 times |
5/13/2008
1
SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and
HNS Contingency Plans in Compliance With the OPRC-HNS Protocol
, y,Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production
held in Nice, France, 15–17 April 2008
Oil Spill Response and East Asia Response Limited
Alexander Nicolau, Technical [email protected]
Outline
Introduction to HNS and trade
The OPRC-HNS Protocol and its legal requirements
Explain the challenges and limitations that may be encounteredthat may be encountered
Provide guidelines and methodology for contingency planning at 3 levels
5/13/2008
2
Definition of HNSThe definition is based on lists of individual substances i i t ti l d in international codes:
MARPOL 73/78 (Appendix I of Annex I) + (Appendix II of Annex II)
International Bulk Chemical (IBC) Code
International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code
International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code)
Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes (BC Code)
Transport of HNSWorld Seaborne
TradeLiquids Solids
4.01 billion t(1990)
5.98 billion t(2000)
Total2.422 billion t
Total4.687 billion t
7.11 billion t(2005)
1.856 billion tCrude oil
1.701 billion tBulk Commodities
+ 565 million tProducts
+ 2.986 billion tOther dry cargo
(source: UNCTAD)
5/13/2008
3
World Fleet
Type of Ship 2004 2005 2006 % change 2005/2006
Oil Tankers 316,759 336,156 354,219 5.4
Bulk carriers 307,661 320,584 345,924 7.9
Containerships 90,462 98,064 111,095 13.3
Liquefied gas carriers 20,947 22,546 24,226 7.5
Chemical tankers 8,004 8,290 8,919 7.6
Figures in 1,000 DWT by Types of Vessels for 2004-2006 (source: UNCTAD)
Incidents Involving HNSGlobal Global UK China
Source IOPCF UKMCA UKMCA China MSA
1989-1998 220 CT105 GC(total)
38 CT13 GC(total)
1991-2004 52>5,000 t spilt
(total)
1995 2000 71995-2000 7(average)
2001-2004 25(average)
2005 36(total)
CT: Chemical Tanker / GC: Gas Carrier
5/13/2008
4
The OPRC-HNS ProtocolExtension of the OPRC 1990 ConventionObligations imposed by the ratification of the protocol:Obligations imposed by the ratification of the protocol:
Development of the national system and the second in turn focuses in particular on the preparation of a national contingency plan
Ships flying the flag of a Party to the OPRC-HNS Protocol should carry a pollution emergency plan to deal specifically with incidents involving hazardous and noxious substances, such as chemicals
The OPRC-HNS ProtocolThe OPRC-HNS Protocol entered into force on 14 June 2007 and has 19 Parties to date:on 14 June 2007 and has 19 Parties to date:
Australia Greece Poland Sweden
Chile Japan Portugal Syria
Equator Malta Singapore Uruguay
Egypt Mexico Slovenia Vanuatu
France The Netherlands
Spain
(source: IMO)
5/13/2008
5
Types of Contingency Plans
Recommended Types of Contingency Plans for Oil Spills
Types of Contingency Plans
Recommended Types of Contingency Plans for HNS Spills
5/13/2008
6
Ship Plan for HNS
It is in principle necessary, (article 3 of the OPRC HNS Protocol) for the ship registered OPRC-HNS Protocol), for the ship registered under the flag of a State that is party to the OPRC-HNS Protocol or visiting a State that is party to the OPRC-HNS Protocol to have onboard:
a “Pollution Incident Emergency Plan” (PIEP) and necessary reporting procedures
Ship Plan for HNS
Regulation 16 of Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 every ship of 150 GT and above shall carry every ship of 150 GT and above shall carry on board:a Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan (SMPEP) for Noxious Liquid Substances approved by the Administration
Regulation 26 of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 Regulation 26 of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 requires that every Oil Tanker 150GT and above to carry:a Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP) approved by the Administration
5/13/2008
7
NOTIFICATION NOTIFICATION AND REPORTINGAND REPORTING
DATADATA ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT RESPONSE & RESPONSE & MITIGATION MITIGATION
ACTIONSACTIONS
CONTACTSCONTACTS
Notification of Notification of emergency services, emergency services, local or national local or national authoritiesauthorities
Information on the Information on the substance(s) substance(s) transportedtransported
Quantity on board or Quantity on board or spilledspilled
Prevention of fire Prevention of fire and explosionand explosion
Emergency Emergency contact numberscontact numbers
Must be ready to Must be ready to transfer relevant transfer relevant information in theinformation in the
Name and Name and identification number identification number of the productof the product
Injuries/adverse Injuries/adverse effects to human effects to human health or thehealth or the
Ship stabilisationShip stabilisation
n fo
r H
NS
information in the information in the initial moments of an initial moments of an incidentincident
of the product of the product
Type of packagingType of packaging
health or the health or the environmentenvironment
Safety Data Sheet Safety Data Sheet (SDS) of the HNS (SDS) of the HNS transportedtransported
Container/package Container/package type, size and type, size and quantity, conditionquantity, condition
Transfer of Transfer of cargocargo
Ship plan and Ship plan and drawingsdrawings
Details of the local Details of the local environmental environmental conditionsconditions
EvacuationEvacuation
Stowage planStowage plan Measurements and Measurements and ResponsibilitiesResponsibilitiesof
a S
hip
Pla
n
g pg p& Bill of Lading& Bill of Lading appearance of any appearance of any
slicks or plumes, slicks or plumes, including direction of including direction of movement and movement and behaviour behaviour
pp
Name and contact Name and contact details of the ship’s details of the ship’s agent or shipper or agent or shipper or manufacturermanufacturer
Proximity to Proximity to sensitive resources sensitive resources and residential areasand residential areasC
on
ten
t o
National Contingency Plan for HNS
Necessary Requirement BUT not sufficient
Should contain full information at National Level on procedures, responsibilities, implications, structure, cooperation and expertise (including international)
Similar to a National Oil Spill Contingency Plan in the structure but not fulfilling the similar in the structure but not fulfilling the similar outcomes: HNS can develop quickly
Need to be well complemented and resourced at lower level with teams having the expertise and the authority to react promptly
5/13/2008
8
Classes of HNS Behaviourso
r H
NS
Ch
alle
ng
e fo
Source: EMSA HNS Action Plan, adapted from the Bonn Agreement Counter Pollution Manual
Ma
in C
Risk Based (for OIL)
Not the same for everyoneRisk assessed and tailored to:
LocalityLikely consequencesAvailable resources
Industry classification Tier 1 on
of T
iere
d Pr
epar
edne
sse
(Sou
rce
IPIE
CA)
Tier 1IndustryTier 2StockpileMutual Aid / GovernmentTier 3Regional Centre / Government / Others
Con
vent
iona
l Def
initi
oan
d R
espo
ns
5/13/2008
9
Risk Based (for HNS)Severity Level Injuries/fatalities
onsite
Injuries/fatalitiesOutside the site
(>100m)Pollution
ents
Minor 1 Light injuriesno permanent effect
No effectLimited pollution without
environmental consequences
Moderate 2 Serious injuriesPermanent effects
Light injuriesNo permanent effects
Moderate pollution within site limits
Serious 3One fatality and/or
several serious injuries with
permanent effects
Serious injuriesPermanent effects
Significant pollution external to the site
onse
quen
ces
for H
NS
Inci
de
permanent effects
Major 4 Several fatalitiesOne fatality
Numerous serious injuries
Important pollution with environmental
consequences external to the site
Catastrophic 5 Numerous fatalities Several fatalitiesMajor and sustained
pollution external to the site and/or extensive loss
of aquatic life
Seve
rity
of P
oten
tial C
o
Port or Terminal Plans
Incidents are usually better dealt with in Incidents are usually better dealt with in sheltered waters within the area of a port or terminal (almost never offshore)
Vital link between the PIEP and the NCPbut not an OPRC-HNS obligation
Allows prompt response and can be backed-up accordingly if required
5/13/2008
10
Recommended Content of Port or Terminal Plans
Risk assessmentData on quantities/frequencies of transported HNSData on quantities/frequencies of transported HNSSensitivity MappingCollection of MSDS and response sheets for quick assessment of the risks related to a substance
Recommended Content of Port or Terminal Plans
Monitoring and evaluation
Modelling (beware of limitations and consequences)Monitoring with detectorsSafe zone definitionEvacuation procedures“Site Entry Protocol”
5/13/2008
11
Development of Action GuidesHazards: flammability / toxicityBehaviour under normal condition within a range ofgtemperaturesPossibility of detectionRecommended PPERecommended response optionsInterpretation of the GESAMP profile
on
Gu
ide
e o
f a
n A
cti
oE
xam
ple
5/13/2008
12
Conclusions
HNS maritime transport has been increasingIncidents involving HNS become more frequentOPRC-HNS Protocol should help developing new preparedness standardsShip PlansNational PlansNational PlansPorts and Terminal PlansNumerous challenges and limitations concerning response, expertise and capability