HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS
LE THI CHIEN
THE LABORER FACTOR IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN PRODUCTION FORCE IN VIETNAM
AT PRESENT
SUMMARY OF PHD THESIS
Field of study: Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism
Code: 62 22 03 02
HÀ NỘI – 2017
The thesis is completed at
the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics
Supervisors : 1. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Hung Hau 2. Assoc.Prof. Dr. Dang Quang Dinh
Reviewer 1: ......................................................... ........................................................
Reviewer 2: ......................................................... ........................................................
Reviewer 3: ......................................................... ........................................................
The thesis will be defended in front of the Thesis Committee at Academy level, at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics
At…… hour…… date …… month …… year 2017
The thesis can be found at the National Library and the Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics
1 INTRODUCTION
1. Urgency of of the topic
According to the viewpoint of Marxism - Leninism, the development of
human’s society is the development of the socioeconomic forms. In the end, the
production force is the factor that decides all changes of said socioeconomies. The
production force is strutured from variousfactors, in which the laborer is the deciding
factor. Although today, science - technology has made a strong step of development,
and science has gradually become the direct production force but it can be confirmed
that, the laborer is still the factor deciding the development of the modern production
force.
Applying the viewpoint of historical materialism of Marxism - Leninism, in the
process of building socialism, our Party has also emphasized first and foremost the
development of the production force to create a material - technical basis for the
socioeconomic development of the country. To promote the process of
industrialization, modernization, knowledge economy development and international
integration, our Party has made a viewpoint of strong development of the production
force; especially development of the modern production force.
In the development of the modern production force, our Party especially
prioritized the development of the laborer factor, and development of the human
resources, especially high quality human resources. This is considered one of the
three stages of strategic breakthrough, contributing to breaking the “chokepoints” that
are preventing development of the production force in our country in particular and
the socioeconomic development in general. The 11th Congress determined that the
development, enhancement of the quality of human resources, especially high quality
human resources is one of the factors deciding quick, stable development of the
country. This viewpoint continues to be emphasized further by the 12th Congress
through the synchronization of the mechanisms, policies, solutions of development of
the human resource, especially high quality human resources meeting the
requirements of socioeconomic development.
2 In recent years, the team of laborers participating in material production
process in our country is constantly increasing in numbers; enhanced in skill level
and workmanship, contributing greatly to the career of country building and
development. However, compared to the requirements of modern production,
laborers in our country still have many inadequacies. Overall, the health and physique
are still poor; skill level and workmanship are low; disciplinary organization
awareness, professional ethic awareness, ecological environment protection
awareness is not high, positivity in production labor is not maximally promoted…
These limitations have significantly affected the development of the modern
production force in Vietnam, such as the economy still primarily developing by
width, economic growth still depending largely on factors of capital, resources, labors
are of low skill level and are yet to rely on knowledge and technological science,
labors with skill are numerously lacking, labor productivity is low, the economic
development speed is not high, the people’s lives are slowly improved. In addition,
these limitations also create considerable barriers when laborers of our country
participate in the labor markets of the world as well as the countries in the ASEAN
economic community (AEC). Thus, in order to modernize social production, one of
the most core issues that need to be prioritized is the development of the laborer
factor in the modern production force, creating a breakthrough to promote quick and
stable development for the country.
Originating from said requirement, I selected the issue of “The laborer factor
in development of the modern production force in Vietnam at present” as my research
theme in the philosophical doctorate thesis.
2. Target and mission of the thesis
2.1. Target of the thesis
On the basis of researching the reality of the laborer factor in the modern
production force in Vietnam at present, the thesis proposes basic viewpoints and
solutions to develop the laborer factor meeting the demands of the modern production
force in Vietnam in upcoming years.
2.2. Mission of the thesis
3 To achieve the goal above, the thesis performed the following specific
missions:
Firstly, a survey of the research works related to modern production force, and
laborer factor in modern production force;
Secondly, clarification of the concept and characteristics of the modern
production force; role and requirements of the laborer factor in the modern
production force;
Thirdly, analysis of the reality of the laborer factor in development of the
production force in Vietnam at present on both aspects of advantages and limitations;
also point out the primary causes leading to said reality;
Forthly, proposal of basic viewpoints and solutions to develop the laborer
factor meeting the requirements of the modern production force in Vietnam in the
upcoming years.
3. Subject and scope of research
3.1. Subject of research
The subject of research of the thesis is the laborer factor as the constituent
factor of the modern production force in Vietnam at present.
3.2. Scope of research
- Scope of research subject: The thesis is limited in the scope of survey,
analysis of laborers who are workers in enterprises, business production facilities
since this labor force takes up a large ratio and also reflects the basic feature of the
skill level of the production force in our country at present.
- Scope of research time and space: the laborer factor in Vietnam from
renovation (year 1986) up to now.
4. Theoretical base and methodology
4.1. Theoretical basis
The thesis is based on the theoretical basis of Marxism – Leninism on the
production force, the role of the laborer factor in development of the production
force. The thesis is also based on the viewpoints, paths of the Vietnam Communist
Party; the policies, laws of the socialist Government of Vietnam in development of
4 the human factor in general and development of the laborer factor in the modern
production force. In addition, the thesis also inherits values of previous research
works about issues relevant to the research content.
4.2. Research method
The thesis is performed on the basis of applying the methodology of the
dialectical materialism and historical materialism, as scientific abstraction method,
logical - historical method, etc... In addition, the thesis also uses methods of analysis,
aggregation, comparison, statistics, etc... to implement the contents of the thesis.
5. Scientific and practical significance of thesis
5.1. Scientific significance of thesis
- The thesis contributes deeper research, enriching several theoretical issues
about the production force. Particularly, the thesis clarifies the role of the laborer
factor in development of the modern production force.
- The research result of the thesis may be used as referential material for
studying, research, lecturing of Marxism - Leninism philosophy in particular and
other social science sectors in general.
5.2. Practical significance of thesis
- The thesis contributes to clarifying the reality of the laborer factor in the
production force in Vietnam at present; in particular it contributes to clarification of
the advantages and limitations of the laborers who are workers in enterprises,
business production facilities in our country in recent times.
- The thesis also has referential value in the planning of the policy of
socioeconomic development in Vietnam in general and development of the
production force in cities and provinces throughout the country in particular.
6. Structure of thesis
In addition to the opening, conclusion and the referential document list, the
thesis includes 4 chapters and 11 periods.
5 Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF AVAILABLE RESEARCH RELATED TO THE THESIS
Production force and the laborer factor in development of the production force
have been one of the very basic issues of Marxism - Leninism philosophy. Thus, until
now, there have been many works of research on this issue. In relation to the content
of the thesis, the author has summarized said documents into three main groups per
the layout of three chapters of the thesis.
1.1. Research works related to the theoretical issues of the modern
production force and the laborer factor in development of the modern
production force
1.1.1. Theoretical researches on modern production force
Facing the non-stop development of science - technology, the production force
has made significant development steps, in a modern direction. Thus, recently there
have been several works discussing the modern production force, the new production
force. In the limitation of the research issue, the thesis shall not summarize the
research works on the prodction force in general but only on the overview of the
research works on the modern production force, the new production force. Under
such an angle, we can name several representative research works such as: The book
New production force and knowledge economy authored by Vu Dinh Cu and Tran
Xuan Sam (National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2009); the article:
“Characteristics of the new technological system and the new production force
affecting the decision on the formation of knowledge economy” of author Vu Dinh
Cu, (Political theory Magzine, issue 2, 200); The article: “For science and technology
to be truly a key motivation in development of the modern production force”, author
Doan Cong Man (Theoretical activities Magazine, issue 5/2011)… Within these
works, the authors have discussed the role of science – technology in development of
the modern production force; while also pointing out the behaviors of modern
production force.
In addition to the viewpoints in the new production force, the modern
production force, some authors also say that there should be new notions on the
6 production force to catch up with the development of the production force in the
current era. Representative of this being author Ly Han in the article: “New notion on
development of the production force” (Information on theoretical issues, issue
19/2008). According to the author, there needs to be changes in the notion on
development of the production force. The author assumes that, if humans know how
to live peacefully with nature, humans will gain much benefit from it, and will have
deeper understanding of nature. Thus, the possibility of living peacefully with nature
is an aspect of very important significance in the notion on the production force.
1.1.2. Theoretical researches related to the laborer factor in development of
the production force
Human resources or high quality human resources is an issue receiving much
interest of the researchers. However, the issue of the laborer in the modern production
force has yet to be discussed by many people. We can name some of the following
research works: The book: Promoting the human factor in the production force in
Vietnam at present of author Ho Anh Dung (Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi,
2002); the book: Promoting the human factor in the production force in Vietnam at
present of author Pham Cong Nhat (National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2007);
the article “Reviewing the laborer factor in the structure of the production force” of
author Truong Giang Long (Communist Magazine issue 13, July 1997); the article
“Knowledge economy – considered from the angle of production force and production
relationship” of author Pham Ngoc Quang (Philosophy Magazine, issue 3 year 2003);
the Philosophy Doctoral Thesis The human factor in production force with the issue of
training laborers in the industrialization, modernization in Vietnam at present(Through
practice of Mekong river delta) of author Tran Thanh Duc (Ho Chi Minh Academy of
National Politics, Hanoi, 2002)…In the above works, the authors continue to confirm C.
Marx’s viewpoint on the deciding role of the laborer factor in the production force. The
authors also confirm that, in the current era, even though science – technology is making
an important contribution to the development of the production force the laborer is still
the factor playing the deciding role.
7 1.2. Researches related to the reality of the laborer factor in development
of the production force in Vietnam at present
In addition to research works on the modern production force, there are also
research works doing in-depth analysis of the reality of the laborer factor in the
development of the production force in Vietnam at present. In addition to the works
listed above of authors Ho Anh Dung, Pham Cong Nhat, Tran Thanh Duc; there are also
other works such as: the article “Enhancement of the quality of the human resources
serving industrialization, moderinzation of the country and development of knowledge
economy” of author Nguyen Van Son (Philosophy Magazine, September issue, 2007);
the article “Difficulties in vocational training activities for the technical workers in
enterprises” of author Nguyen Van Thuy Anh (Labor and Society Magazine, issue 438,
2012); the article “University-level human resources in Vietnam – Reality and several
proposals” of author Pham Van Nam (Labor and Society Magazine, issue 440, 2012)…
In the above works, the authors have pointed out the advantages of laborers in our
country such as having the spirit of diligence and painstaking; capable of adapting
quickly to changes of production but overall there are still many limitations in physique,
qualification; the ratio of trained labors is still low and unable to meet the demands of
modern production …
1.3. Researches related to the viewpoint and solution to develop the
laborer factor meeting the demands of the production force in Vietnam at
present
In addition to analysis, assessment of the advantages and limitations of the laborer
factor in development of the production force there are also several research works
proposing viewpoints, directions and solutions to promote the human resources in
general and the laborer factor in development of the production force in particular.
Representative of this are works such as: The Philosophy Doctorate Thesis of 2014:
Education – training with the development of the high-quality human resource in
Vietnam at present of author Luong Cong Ly (Ho Chi Minh Academy of National
Politics); the article “Vocational training meeting demands of enterprises: Trends and
solutions” of author Nguyen Hong Minh (Labor and Society Magazine, issue 455,
8 2013); the article “Difficulties in training activities of technical workers at enterprises
- Causes and solutions” of author Nguyen Van Thuy Anh (Labor and Society
Magazine, issue 438, 2012); “Development of human resources meeding the demand
of quick and stable socioeconomic development” of author Chu Van Cap (Political
Science Magazine, issue 2, 2012);… The solutions that the authors made have certain
referential value to the thesis’s author when making solutions to develop the laborer
factor meeting the requirements of the modern production force in Vietnam.
1.4. Value of the surveyed works and issues requiring further research
and clarification
1.4.1. Value of the surveyed works
The research contents and value of these works can be summarized on the
following basic aspects:
Firstly, the research works above have presented in detail the very basic
theoretical issues on the production force and the modern production force, and the
role of the laborer factor in development of the modern production force.
Secondly, the research works above at certain angles have analyzed the
advantages and limitations of the laborer factor in development of the production
force in terms of physique; skill level, workmanship; production psychology,
responsibility awareness, ecological environment protection awareness.
Thirdly, the research works above have also made several viewpoints and
solutions primarily to continue promotion of the laborer factor in development of the
production force in Vietnam in the next stage.
However, until now there have not been many in-depth research works
discussing the laborer factor in the modern production force in Vietnam. Previous
research works have not discussed much about the development of the production
force in the condition of globalization, knowledge economy, as well as the
requirements for the laborer factor in development of the modern production force in
Vietnam at present. Thus, this is an issue requiring research continuation.
1.4.2. Issues requiring further research and clarification
9 On the basis of surveying research works related to the content of the thesis,
the author noted some issues that require further research and clarification as follows:
Firstly, we need to clearly analyze the characteristics of the modern production
force, while continuing to interpret the role of the laborer factor in the modern
science – technology condition which is making an important contribution to
promoting development of the production force. From there, we also need to point
out the requirements of the laborer factor in development of the modern production
force in Vietnam at present.
Secondly, we need to analyze at what level the factors of physique, mentality,
fortitude of the laborer in Vietnm has met and not met for the requirements of the
modern production force.
Thirdly, in order to develop the modern production force in Vietnam at present
we need viewpoints and solutions with possibility and attachment to the current
practicality of our country being in the process of promotion of industrialization,
modernization along with knowledge economy and international integration.
Chapter 2
LABORER FACTOR IN THE MODERN PRODUCTION FORCE - BASIC
THEORETICAL ISSUES
2.1. Production force and modern production force
2.1.1. Production force
2.1.1.1. Concept of production force
Production force is a central concept of the historical materialism. The
comprehensive research of this concept is the basis to udnerstand the entire motion
and development of the material production process in the history of human society.
Thus the founders of Marxism started early research on the concept of production
force. In his works, even though C. Marx didn’t directly make a concept of
production force but the comprehension of this concept was mentioned by him since
his early works.
10 On the basis of the viewpoint of Marxism - Leninism philosophy and inheriting
the research results on the concept of production force, in our opinion, the production
force is a concept used to describe the combination between the laborer and the
production material in a certain form to create a production strength in order to
improve nature, meeting the demands of human and socioeconomic development.
Thus, the production force represents the practical capability of humans, and is
a measurement of humans’ skill level of nature improvement at each different
historical stage. Said improvement can be understood as human continuously
understanding nature, living peacefully with nature because reality shows that, only
by understanding and living peacefully with nature can humans be able to earn the
best benefits that nature brings.
2.1.1.2. Relationship between the constituent factors of the production force
In the opinion of C.Marx, there are two basic factors that constitute the
production force which are production material and laborer. Production material
includes two basic factors which are labor material and labor subject. Labor subject
includes parts of nature brought into production. Labor materials are factors that
human uses to impact the labor subjects to create material wealth.
In addition to production material being considered a necessary factor of the
production process, C.Marx also asserts that there needs to be the laborer. According
to C.Marx, the material factor will have no use whatsoever without a social force to
implement material production. Production material will become meaningless
without the impact of humans.
2.1.2. Modern production force
2.1.2.1. Concept of modern production force
In the current era, the achievements of science - technology have made an
important contribution to the development of the production force, and contributed to
the modernization of the development level of the production force on all of its
constituent factors. The nonstop development of science - technology has contributed
to creating a new production force, different in quality compared to the previous
production force - the modern production force.
11 It can be understood that the modern production force is a concept used to
describe the combination between the laborer of high skill level with the advanced
production material, based on modern technology system to create products with
high added value, reliability and friendliness with the ecological environment.
2.1.2.2. Characteristics of the modern production force
The modern production force has the following basic characteristics:
Firstly, in the modern production force, science is osmosed in all of its
constituent factors, significantly changing the development level of the prodution
force compared to previous eras.
Secondly, in the modern production force, skill and knowledge become the
most important factors of the laborer. It is increasingly granulated in labor products,
giving those products big added value.
Thirdly, in the modern production force there is an increasingly reasonable and
scientific social labor division. The labor division inevitably leads to the shift of labor
structure in a more reasonable direction in modern production.
Forthly, the modern production force has globalization because the output of the
modern production force is no longer the exclusive product of labor in one country but
a global product.
2.2. Role and basic requirements of the laborer factor in the modern
production force
2.2.1. Role of the laborer factor in the modern production force
The laborers in the modern production force are people participating in the
process of material production with high skill level; capable of combining with
advanced technology to create products with high content of intellect, reliability and
friendliness with the environment.
In the viewpoint of Marxism – Leninism, the laborer is the most important
factor, and has decisive significance for the development of the production force
because:
Firstly, the laborer is an “animal capable of crafting tools” because aside from
using available labor tools, the laborer turned an object “supplied by nature” into an
12 operating organ of humans. Thanks to that, the laborer increased the strength of their
inherent organs by multifold.
Secondly, the laborer with their knowledge and will knows how to use and
combine the constituent factors of production materials such as labor subject, labor
tool, labor means; realize the role and impact of these factors to create an aggregate
strength in order to renovate nature in the most efficient way.
Thirdly, while the factors of production material are limited and are often worn
out quickly through time, the labor aside from the slowly worn out physique can
always refresh, enhance their labor skill, workmanship levels, etc... by themselves
through constant self-learning, improvement, cultivation of knowledge in order to
meet the increasingly high demand of the production process.
When participating in the process of material production, the laborer brings
both their material strength and mental strength, but the position and role of these
factors are not invariable but always changing within each different economic era. In
the prehistoric era, due to the awareness of human having much limitation, in order to
create material wealth, the laborer primarily uses the muscular strength to impact
nature. However, once the labor tools have developed and mechanical machineries
have been born, the factors of skill and experience in labor take the leading role
again. It helps laborers to operate machineries proficiently, fluently. Since the
intellectual capability of the laborer is constantly enhanced the value created by their
intellectual labor during the production process and granulated in the product also
increases. This is also a criterion for assessment of the modernity of the laborer in the
production force.
2.2.2. Basic requirements of the laborer in the modern production force
In order to develop the modern production force, the laborer as the most
important factor of the material production process needs to have the following basic
requirements:
Firstly, the laborer in the modern production force needs to have good
physique, plentiful and supple health to be able to handle high pressure, big labor
13 intensity during work, adaptation to constant change in career and ability to collect,
analyze information quickly.
Secondly, the laborer in the modern production force needs to have rich
knowledge and intellect; creative labor ability; active and positive applycation of
modern scientific - technological achievements into production.
Thirdly, aside from physique and mentality, the laborer in the modern
production force needs to have high discipline, moral and culture of work, has
responsibility awareness to the protection of the ecological environment.
2.3. Main factors affecting laborers in the process of building modern
production force in Vietnam
2.3.1. Impact of education - training on laborers in the process of building
modern production force in Vietnam
Education and training have a direct impact on improving the knowledge and
skills for employees. To become modern employees, they cannot fail to undergo the
training process. Education - training in general and vocational training in particular,
makes an important contribution to providing knowledge of occupations, skills in
production and science - technology for employees to operate the modern machinery.
In addition to the traditional knowledge, education - training equips employees with
knowledge about markets, integration, the ability in catching and processing
information, knowledge of copyright and intellectual property, labor safety, the
awareness in ecological environment protection to create the modern qualities of
employees in the production force at present.
2.3.2. Impact of the social environment on laborers in the process of building
modern production force in Vietnam.
The social environment is the working and living conditions; these are the
policies that have daily influences on the emplyees’ jobs and lives, give them more
motivation and maximize the creativity and the ability to apply the achievements of
modern science – technology to create products which have large added value. If
there are reasonable policies, good working conditions, and remuneration policies, it
will stimulate creativity, self-discipline of employees; make the employee free to
14 create according to his ability, make the labor process a creative and devoted one, not
a forced labor process by rigid rules.
2.3.3. Impact of the modern science - technology revolution on laborers in
the process of building modern production force in Vietnam
The modern science and technology revolution (forth) has a tremendous impact
on the development of the laborer factor in the modern production force in particular.
With an increase in automation and digitalisation in the manufacturing process,
natural resources and unskilled labor are increasingly losing their advantages;
production has been gradually shifted to developing countries, which have many
highly skilled and professional employees. This also poses a challenge that if
employees do not have professional skills, working skills, and sense of self-renewal
as well as promote the positive and creative spirit, they will inevitably become
backward and cannot meet the requirements of the modern production. The modern
science - technology revolution also raises the question that if countries do not
prioritize the development of laborer factor in intensive direction, there will not be
able to create competitive advantages.
2.3.4. Impact of international cooperation on laborers in the process of
building modern production force in Vietnam
International cooperation on labor is a process of connective and cooperation
on the regional and world level on training and employment. This is an indispensable
trend in the process of current globalization. International cooperation on labor
affects the creation of a contingent of employees in the workforce who has the
advanced qualities, the ability in of adapting to many businesses and manufacturing
establishments in the different nations. While contributing to the impact on the
international division of labor in a reasonable way. Besides, when entering the labor
export market, the level of skills and professional skills of employees is also
increasing. In addition, international cooperation in labor also contributes to the rapid
applying of the advancement of technology, new technology into production.
15 Chapter 3
LABORER FACTOR IN MODERN PRODUCTION FORCE IN VIETNAM
NOWADAYS - REAL STATE AND BASIC CAUSES
3.1. Real state of laborer factor in modern production force in Vietnam
3.1.1. The positive changes of the laborer factor in the modern production
force in Vietnam nowadays
After more than 30 years of innovation, the number of Vietnamese laborers
who involved in the material production has been constantly increasing, the laborers
have made positive changes in quality as follows:
Firstly, young and healthy laborers; the improved physical strength of laborers
has contributed significantly to the increase of endurance, flexibility and agility for
laborers in Vietnam. Laborers have initially met the strict requirements of modern
production lines with high intensity and advanced technology.
Secondly, the knowledge, wisdom, skills of the laborers have been constantly
raised. The percentage of trained laborers, especially laborer who has the bachelor
degree of the direct work force has been increasing steadily, creating a clear
knowledge trend of laborer. The increasing demand of modern production in the
application of scientific -technological achievements to the modernization of
production.
Thirdly, the diligence, creativity; flexibility, resourcefulness; ability to adapt
quickly to the constant changing of modern production; the regularity of application
of modern technology in production are also outstanding advantages of Vietnamese
laborers in the development of modern production force.
3.1.2. Some disadvantage of the laborer factor in modern production force in
Vietnam
Besides the outstanding advantages mentioned above, Vietnamese laborers still
have some disadvantage and weaknesses. These disadvantage and weaknesses have
become a "bottleneck" that significantly inhibits the development of modern
production force in our country.
16 Firstly, the physical strength and health of Vietnamese laborers are
considerably lower than other countries in the region. In general, they do not meet the
high demands on durability, high labor intensity and agility and the fluctuations of
modern production.
Secondly, the percentage of trained laborers is still low, the quality of training
is not high compared to other countries in the region and in the world and level of
laborers has largely not met the change of production materials. While machines with
advanced technology are constantly being created and put into production, the ability
and skills of Vietnamese laborers are slowly changing; not trained to receive the
technology transfer so they should not be able to make full use of the advantages of
modern technology.
Thirdly, the discipline, professional ethics, sense of protection of ecological
environment, etc. of Vietnamese laborers are still limited. Therefore, the created
products are not highly competitive in the market and do not have big added value.
3.2. The main cause of positives and limited aspects in employees in the
modern production force in Vietnam today
3.2.1. The main cause of the positive aspects of the employees in modern
production force in Vietnam today
The positive changes of Vietnam employees after more than 30 years of
renovation are derived from the following main reasons:
3.2.1.1. The Party and the State have right policy in human resource
development in general and the development of employees in production force in
particular. Therefore, employees have more conditions to study, improve their
knowledge and apply science and technology to production.
3.2.1.2. The industrialization and modernization process associated with
international integration has contributed positively to the change of employees in the
production force in Vietnam, such as changing the economic structure and ways of
production organization of employees; created a new laborer staff - intellectual
laborers with high skills who know how to use modern machinery, with good sense
of discipline; created a new Vietnam employee generation who in the last century
17 almost never existed; they are employees working abroad. Upon returning home, they
brought along the progress accumulated abroad to work more effectively and
professionally.
3.2.1.3. The Vietnam employees themselves have adapted to the changes of
modern production, such as changing the occupation according to the needs of
society; changed the production practices from manual to mechanical use; from small
and fragmented production to production in lines, concentration with high
specialization; self-adapted to the work environment of high-intensity and strict labor
discipline. Therefore, the sense of responsibility of employees has also been
improved markedly.
3.2.2. The main cause of the limited aspects of employees in modern
production force in Vietnam today
3.2.2.1. It is slow to develop the production, the material life still has many
difficulties; working conditions of employees, especially in the heavy industries in
Vietnam, have many limitations, which greatly affect the safety in labor. This not
only affects health and physical strength but also greatly affects the production
psychology of employees.
3.2.2.2. Mechanisms and policies to implement the benefits are still limited and
have many shortcomings such as the government spending on health care for
employeees is relatively low compared to the demand for medical examination and
treatment; Regimes and policies on housing for employees who are Vietnam laborers
are still limited; union organizations at all levels in Vietnam have not yet developed
their roles and responsibilities in protecting the legitimate benefits of their employees
so that they have not well promoted their mind strength in the current and
internationally integrated production.
3.2.2.3. The quality of vocational training for employees is low; there is a
significant imbalance in the structure of vocational training, which makes the rate of
trained employees who are unemployment remains high. Moreover, in many
production establishments, though they have invested in advanced machines and
18 technologies, they do not make full use of the advantages of modern technologies due
to the low qualifications of employees.
3.2.2.4. The distribution of employees, especially trained employees, is
unreasonable among regions and localities. In urban zones and areas meeting with
socio-economic development conditions, there is a high educational level, with high
concentration and even surplus of skilled employees; and in the remote and isolated
areas, the educational level is generally backward, and the majority of employees is
not professionally and technically trained.
3.2.2.5. International cooperation on employees still has many shortcomings as
most of Vietnam laborers exporting to foreign countries is mainly common and
unskilled laborers. Labor export is still lack of professionalism, not derived from the
market demand. Moreover, our country has no policies to orient and support laborers
after exporting them, causing waste in the use of "post-export" human resources.
Chapter 4
BASIC PERSPECTIVES AND SOLUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING LABORER
FACTOR TO MEET THE NEEDS OF MODERN PRODUCTION FORCE IN
VIETNAM
4.1. Basic perspectives for developing laborer factors to meet the needs of
modern production force in Vietnam
4.1.1. Considering employees as center with decisive meaning in the modern
production force.
This perspective needs to be understood in both ways: the employees are both
the starting point of every development strategy and the goal of modern production
force development. The employees are not only starting point of production process,
but also the goal of modern production force development. As the production force
develops, labor productivity is improved, it is necessary to direct towards continuing
the employees in physical strength, health; knowledge, intellect, professional skills as
well as spiritual life so that they develop more comprehensively. This makes it
19 possible for employees to participate in the production process more actively and
effectively.
4.1.2. Developing the laborer factor in modern production force must be
linked to the country's sustainable development strategy
In order to develop a modern production force toward sustainability, it is
necessary to thoroughly grasp the viewpoint of developing the laborer factor in a
sustainable manner. Priority should be given to development in depth, with priority
given to the development of quality such as workmanship level, labor sense and
ecological environment protection sense so that our country's labor source can both
meet the increasing requirements of modern production, and can join more and more
in the market of countries in the region and in the world. To develop laborer factor in
the production force in our country, it needs to aim at the development of intellectual
economy, to quickly develop our country to become a modern industrial country.
4.1.3. Developing the laborer factor in modern production force in a
comprehensive way
In order to develop the laborer factor to meet the needs of modern production
force in Vietnam today, attention should be paid to the development of all elements
structuring the laborer factor such as physical strength, intellect and mind strength. In
addition, it is necessary to more emphasize and pay attention to the development of
intellectual factor to create outstanding comparative advantages of our country's
employees in the present context. Moreover, it is also necessary to pay attention to
the particularity of each economic sector, of each region to prioritize the strength
development of employees in such sectors and regions.
4.2. Basic solutions for developing laborer factors to meet the needs of
modern production force in Vietnam
4.2.1. Implementing the policy of increasing physical strength and health
and improving the stature of employees in the modern production force
In order to improve the physical strength and health of employees, the State
needs to develop specific strategies on nutrition to improve the stature of Vietnamese
people, step by step to escape from "short, small and low weight" status; to develop
20 system of insurance and health care for employees; to actively limit the rate of
occupational accidents and work diseases; to enhance the management and
supervision of occupational accidents and work diseases in production and business
establishments; to propagate and educate them on the sense of protecting ecological
environment and working environment in order to ensure health, avoid work diseases
and diseases caused by environmental pollution.
4.2.2. Promoting the development of education and training, science and
technology so as to constantly raise the qualifications of employees.
In order to really create the qualitative changes of the laborer factor to meet the
needs of modern production, it is necessary to renovate the contents and program of
education - training for employees towards practicality and concentration on key
professional capabilities; to renovate the method and ways of vocational training for
employees towards not only equipping learners with knowledge, but also directing
them to self-study, self-creation, self-research and self-evaluate their learning
activities under the guidance of teachers; to actively apply the developments of
science and technology to production in order to raise the professional qualifications
and workmanship of employees; vocational training for employees should be linked
to career orientation and job creation.
4.2.3. Building up a favorable and appropriate socio-economic environment
to create conditions for full promotion of Vietnamese laborers' capacities
In order to develop the laborer factor to meet the needs of modern production
forces, it is necessary to pay attention to enhance their activeness, initiative and
creativity through developing reasonable salary policy ensuring the economic
benefits for employees; building the democratization of economic life; actively
improving the living conditions, working conditions and social environment for
laborers; formulating and strictly implementing the system of policies and laws
related to ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of laborers; building and
completing policies and laws on labor, employment, life and physical improvement
for laborers; encouraging and create conditions for laborers to actively learn to raise
their awareness, grasp basic regulations on their rights and obligations in labor
21 relations and help them protect their legitimate rights and interests in case of
necessity.
4.2.4. Raising employees' awareness of their roles, positions and
responsibilities in modern production
In order to enhance the role, position and responsibility of laborers in modern
production, it is necessary to renovate the economic management mechanism and
improve production relations in line with the production level. It is also essential to
synchronously reform all three ownership relationships, organize the management
and distribution of products in a satisfactory and appropriate manner. Laborers are
not only the subject of the production process but they also need to master the
possession of the means of production, they are entitled to use the fruits of their labor.
When they are attached to the stages of production, they will inevitably become more
aware of their positions, roles and responsibilities. That contributes to the elimination
of "alienated labor", "forced labor".
4.2.5. Strengthening international cooperation on labor training and export
to promote the development of modern production forces in Vietnam
In order for Vietnamese laborers not only to meet domestic demands, but also
to meet international standards, they should actively participate in international
cooperation in training and quality assessment of laborers according to international
standards; in the building of material-technical bases, transfer of science and
technology on vocational training for laborers; in promoting labor export activities to
improve international cooperation on labor use. It is significant to aim at the export of
qualified, skilled and trained laborers in order to raise the quality of Vietnam's export
labor sources; expand the labor export market to developed countries to improve the
quality of Vietnam's labor force.
22 CONCLUSION
After more than 30 years of innovation, the level of development of production
forces in Vietnam has been considerably improved compared to before: labor tools
and laborers have been improved; science - technology is increasingly used in the
production process contributing significantly to the liberation of labor and increase of
production efficiency and modernization. Especially, with the viewpoint:
Considering the human being is the center of all development, the Party has paid
great attention to the development of the human factor, considering the development
of human resources, especially high quality human resources one of three important
strategic breakthroughs. As a result, Vietnamese laborers have made remarkable
improvements in physical strength and health; qualification, skills; adaptability,
creativity ... However, overally, Vietnamese people in general and Vietnamese
laborers in particular still have many limitations in terms of both physical strength
and professional skills; awareness of professional ethics and protection of ecological
environment is not really high. That significantly affects the durability, flexibility,
professionalism, and ability to meet the increasing demand of modern production in
our country.
Starting from the above situation, in order to continue developing the laborer
factor to meet the requirements of modern production forces in Vietnam in the
following years, it is necessary to grasp the basic viewpoints: Labor is central to the
development of modern production forces; developing modern production forces in
general and the laborer factor in particular in association with the sustainable
development strategy; develop the laborer factor in comprehensive direction of both
physical and mental strengths in which more emphasis is placed on the intellectual
factor to meet the requirements of modern production. To develop the laborer factor
to meet the needs of modern production in Vietnam in the coming time, attention
should be paid to some basic solutions as follows: Firstly, improving physical
strength and health; reforming insurance regime and health care for employees.
Secondly, promoting the development of education and training, science and
technology so as to constantly improve laborers' skills and workmanship, and
23 improve technical innovations in order to promote the development of production
forces. Thirdly, building a favorable socio-economic environment and suitable legal
policies so that laborers can promote their activeness, initiative and creativity.
Fourthly, raising employees' awareness of their roles, positions and responsibilities in
modern manufacturing. Last but not least, strengthening international cooperation on
labor training and export to meet the requirements of the integration period.
To put it in a nutshell, the development of the laborer factor is an significant
way, playing a decisive role in the development of modern production forces in
Vietnam, considerably contributing to the achievement of the objective of soon
turning our country into an modern industrial one developing the knowledge
economy and enhancing international integration.
24 AUTHOR’S PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THE THESIS TOPIC
1. Le Thi Chien (2014), "The laborer factor in labor force under Marxist perspective and its
significance for human resource development in Vietnam today", Journal of Human
Research, Vol. 2, pp. 61-68.
2. Le Thi Chien (2014), "Industrialization and modernization associated with knowledge economy
to develop production force in Vietnam today", Journal of Economics and Management,
Vol. 3, pp. 10-16.
3. Le Thi Chien (2014), "Completing the distribution policy for the goal of social justice", Journal
of Political Theory, Vol. 3, pp. 52-56.
4. Le Thi Chien (2014), "Modern science and technology with the development of production
forces in Vietnam today", Journal of Theoretical Living, No. 4, pp. 23-27.
5. Le Thi Chien (2015), "Development level of production forces in Vietnam today", Journal of Ho
Chi Minh City Human Resources Development, Vol. 2 (45), pp. 54 - 60.
6. Le Thi Chien (2015), "Modern production force", Journal of Political Theory, Vol. 5, pp. 24-30.
7. Le Thi Chien (2016), "Laborer factor in Vietnam's production forces after 30 years of
renovation", Journal of Political Theory, Vol. 3, pp. 53-59.
8. Le Thi Chien (2016), "Primary challenges for Vietnamese laborers in participating in the ASEAN
economic community", Journal of the Front, Vol. 149 (3/2016), pp. 28-32.
9. Le Thi Chien (2016), "The scientific argument becomes a direct production force of Karl Marx
and some open suggestions to Vietnam", Journal of Scientific Information and Political
Theory, Vol. 4 (17), pp. 38-44.
10. Le Thi Chien (2016), "Laborers in the modern production force", Journal of Social Sciences,
Vol. 7 (104), pp. 51-57.
11. Le Thi Chien (2016), "The views of the 12th Congress on the development of production force
and the development and completion of production relations in Vietnam", Journal of
Theoretical Living, Vol. 5 (138). ), pp. 3-8.
12. Le Thi Chien (2016), "The Role of science and technology in the development of modern
production forces in Vietnam", Journal of Political Theory, Vol. 7, pp. 40-44.
13. Le Thi Chien (2016), "Human resource development in Vietnam in the spirit of the 12th
Congress", Journal of Scientific Information and Political Theory, Vol. 9, 10 (22, 23), pp.
16-23.
14. Le Thi Chien (2017), "The basic requirements of laborers in the development of modern
production forces", Journal of Human Resources and Social Sciences, Vol. 02 (45), pp. 24-
30.
