18
H I S T O R Y O F P O L I T I C A L T H O U G H T – H O B B E S
H I S T O R Y
O F
P O L I T I C A L T H O U G H T
–
H O B B E S
The English Civil Wars (1640-1660)2
The English Civil Wars (1640-1660)3
9.50
Hereditary rule by divine right 4
Frontispiece–
Eikon BasilikeThe pourtraicture of His Sacred Majestie in his
Solitudes and Sufferings
(John Gauden)
Hobbes (1588-1679) – Leviathan (1651) 6
State of Nature 7
Hobbes – World of Nature 8
World of Nature
‘bodies in motion’
Leviathan ch.13:
For WAR, consisteth not in battle only, or the act of fighting; but in a tract of time, wheren the will to contend by battle is sufficiently known …
… continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.
8
Hobbes 9
World of Nature
‘bodies in motion’
World of Artifice
‘body politic’
9
Hobbes – liberty redefined 10
Hobbes – liberty redefined 11
Leviathan ch. 21:
LIBERTY, OR FREEDOME, signifieth (properly) the absence of Opposition; (by Opposition, I mean externall Impediments of motion;)
Hobbes – World of Artifice 12
World of Artifice
‘body politic’
Multitude united,
creates one will,
becomes one person(artificial and real)
=
COMMONWEALTH,
LEVIATHAN
Hobbes – World of Artifice 13
World of Artifice
‘body politic’
Multitude united,
creates one will,
becomes one person(artificial and real)
=
COMMONWEALTH,
LEVIATHANThe real person whom bears the artificial person, is called
the Sovereign,all others are Subjects
Attributed actions:
Sovereign acts
but action belongs to multitude
Person = Actor Owner = Author
Actor acts by Authority
14Hobbes – Authorship
Attributed actions:
Sovereign acts
but action belongs to multitude
Dissenting in Leviathan =
form of injustice&
self-contradictory
15Hobbes – Authorship
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) – Lord Protector 16
2.07.00
Hobbes: Mortal God = Sovereign17
(GOD)
King‘bears’ or ‘carries’
artificial person
multitude of people
GOD
King
multitude of people
Hobbes – Freedom? 18
World of Nature
‘bodies in motion’
World of Artifice
‘body politic’
What sense can be attached to the claims made by the republican theorists about the freedom of ‘free’ states?
