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Ale-Imran, 3:102-104
102-O ye who believe! fear Allah as He should be feared and die not except in a state of Islam.
103-And hold fast all together by the rope which Allah (stretches out for you) and be not divided among yourselves; and remember with gratitude Allah's favor on you; for ye were enemies and He joined your hearts in love so that by His grace ye became brethren; and ye were on the brink of the pit of fire and He saved you from it. Thus doth Allah make his signs clear to you: that ye may be guided.
104-Let there arise out of you a band of people inviting to all that is good enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong; they are the ones to attain felicity
1. Uniting Force – ‘The Rope of
Allah’
Uniting force that brings Muslims together to form
an Ummah is the strong faith and love for Al-Quran
and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW).
This is quite evident from the model of Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH), since he called the people to
submit to Allah (SWT) and accept Islam as their
way of life.
Those who accepted this message became part of
the Islamic Ummah, regardless of their race, color,
or tribal background.
2-Taqwah is required quality
Taqwah is the basic quality required to be
part of this Ummah.
The more is one equipped with this quality, the
better he or she will be in the performance of
obligations, commitment, and devotion for
the cause of the Ummah.
Conversely, if these quality become
weakened in an individual, one’s relation
and devotion for the Ummah will
deteriorate
3. Dawah
Ummah must engage in a continuous struggle
to invite towards goodness, enjoin what is
righteous, and forbid evil.
This struggle must continue within the Ummah
in the form of Muhasibah (accountability),
Tazkia, and
Jihad (striving for excellence) outside the
society at large
Response to Islamic Dawah:
1. A true believer- These are true assets for the Ummah, and one must always search for them and make them part of Dawah
2. Believers, though they may be hesitant, should be invited and motivated to be part of Dawah movement.
3. Believers, hostile due to some prejudice, misconception, or impressed by secular philosophies. Again, one should extend Dawah to this group with wisdom, love, and prayers. But if there is no sign of change, rather stubbornness is increasing, then one should pray for such a person and leave him alone for a while.
4. Non-believer who may be unaware of Islam or hostile. An Islamic struggle has to develop an effective methodology for Dawah to this large audience, especially in the West. This task has to be carried out as Prophet of
Anfal,8:46
And obey Allah and His apostle; and fall into no
disputes lest ye lose heart and your power depart; and
be patient and persevering: for Allah is with those who
patiently persevere.
Anfal, 8:46
Yunus,10:19
Mankind was but one nation but differed
(later). Had it not been for a word that
went forth before from thy Lord their
differences would have been settled
between them.
Al-Baqarah,2:213
Mankind was one single nation and Allah sent Messengers with glad
tidings and warnings; and with them He sent the Book in truth to
judge between people in matters wherein they differed; but the
People of the Book after the clear Signs came to them did not differ
among themselves except through selfish contumacy. Allah by His
Grace guided the believers to the truth concerning that wherein they
differed. For Allah guides whom He will to a path that is straight.
Present divisions of Muslims
Religious: Divided into several schools with
stress upon:
a-minor issues
b- no tolerance to differences.
Political:
a-International- division into several states.
b- National- dominated by ignorance
Economically: divided into
a. haves b. have not.
Divided states of Muslims
Socially: divided on the basis of
Tribes
Color
Descent
Language
Place
Cast
. Profession
Some causes of divisions
Baghy- transgression against others by
political,
religious and
economic exploitations.
Selfishness.
Hypocrisy
Causes of Divisions
Arrogance.
Greed
Boasting (Ria)
Jealousy and envy.
Prejudice- racial, ethnic, creed.
Foundation of relations in
Ummah
The believers are brothers. (Al-Hujurat, verse
10)
• This verse establishes a universal
brotherhood among all Muslims of the
world.
• That is why the strong brotherhood that
develops among Muslims is unparalleled
Allah(SWT) puts this love in the
hearts
And (moreover) He hath put affection
between their hearts: not if thou had
spent all that is in the earth couldst
thou have produced that affection but
Allah hath done it: for He is Exalted in
might Wise. Anfal 8:63
Prophet (SWT) explains brotherly
love
• The Prophet (p.b.u.h) said that, “You see the Muslims in mutual kindness, love, and care like one body. When one part (of the body) is sick, all other parts of the body share loss of sleep and fever.” (Bukhari)
• Anas (r.a.a.) reported from the Prophet (p.b.u.h) that he said, “Whosoever possesses three qualities will taste the sweetness of faith 1) love Allah(s.w.t.) and his Prophet (p.b.u.h) more than everything else, 2) Whosoever he loves, it is only for the sake of Allah, and 3) He hates returning back to disbelief like he hates falling back in the fire.”
Ahadith on brotherly love
• Abu-Hurairah (r.a.a.) reported that Prophet
(p.b.u.h) said, “Allah will say on the day of
Judgment, ‘Where are those (Muslims) who used
to love each other for my sake. I will keep them
beneath my shade, when there is no other shade
today other than that’.”
• Mu’az bin Jabal (r.a.a.) reported that Prophet
Muhammad (p.b.u.h) said, “Allah (s.w.t.) said, ‘My
love is obligatory for those who love (each other)
and meet for my sake and spend their money for
my sake’.”
Brotherhood and caring for each
other is one of the sign of true
Iman.
Those who believe and adopt exile and fight for the
faith in the cause of Allah as well as those who give
(them) asylum and aid these are (all) in very truth the
believers: for them is the forgiveness of sins and a
provision most generous. Anfal 8:74
Three aspects of this
relationship:
1. Akhu’wah or brotherhood
• They do not allow anything to jeopardize
this relation.
• They are willing to sacrifice anything to
maintain this relation.
• They are always looking forward to be of
any service to their brothers and support
them in need.
• They have full trust upon each other
2- Hubb or Love-
But those who before them had homes (in Medina)
and had adopted the Faith show their affection to
such as came to them for refuge and entertain no
desire in their hearts for things given to the (latter)
but give them preference over themselves even
though poverty was their (own lot). Hashar 59:9
3- Wilayah or close alliance and
trust
Your (real) friends are (no less than) Allah His
Apostle and the (fellowship of) believers those who
establish regular prayers and regular charity and they bow
down humbly (in worship).As to those who turn (for
friendship) to Allah His Apostle and the (fellowship of)
believers it is the fellowship of Allah that must certainly
triumph. Maida 5:55, 56
Duties of brotherhood
Imam Ghazali (RA)
1- Material assistance
2-Personal aid
3- Holding one’s tongue
4- Speaking out
5- Forgiveness
6- Prayer
7- Loyalty and sincertiy
8- Informality
Difference between Ikhtelaf and
Khilaf
Ikhtelaf- It is justifiable difference of opinion and
includes exertion of sincere intellectual effort to
arrive at a judgment. It must fulfil 2 conditions:
1-Each disputant must have evidence or proof
(dalil) to authenticate his argument.
2-Divergent opinion should not lead to anything
false. If the opinion is obviously false from the
beginning, it must be abandoned right away.
The jurists adhered steadfastly to these two
conditions.
Etiquettes of Genuine Ikhtelaf in
Islam
• Sincere intentions and good purpose-
• Patience.
• Acceptance of good opinions from others-.
• Express opinions politely and with proper mutual respect-
• Conclude the meeting with unanimous or majority decision.
There is no ill will against any one.
There is sincere dua for all the participants and for the Jama’ah
Khilaf or Conflict
It represents dispute which departs from one or
both conditions mentioned above.
It is a manifestation of impulsiveness and
obstinacy.
It has no relation to objectivity.
Causes of Conflicts (Khilaf)
Hypocrisy:
The Hypocrites men and women (have an
understanding) with each other: they enjoin evil and
forbid what in just and are close with their hands. They
have forgotten Allah; so He hath forgotten them. Verily
the Hypocrites are rebellious and perverse. Tauba 9:67,
68
2- Greed.
Relate to them the story of the man to whom We sent our signs but
he passed them by: so Satan followed him up and he went astray.
If it had been Our will We should have elevated him with our
signs; but he inclined to the earth and followed his own vain
desires. His similitude is that of a dog: if you attack him he lolls out
his tongue or if you leave him alone he (still) lolls out his tongue.
That is the similitude of those who reject our signs; so relate the
story; perchance they may reflect.
Araf 7:175,176
3- Arrogance. (Kibr)
Not so Iblis: he was haughty and became one of
those who reject Faith.
(Allah) said: "O Iblis! What prevents thee from
prostrating thyself to one whom I have created with
My hands? Art thou haughty? Or art thou one of the
high (and mighty) ones?"
(Iblis) said: "I am better than he: Thou created
me from fire and him Thou created from clay. Saad
38; 74-76
4- Boasting, desire for notoriety
(Riya).
"And they are commanded no more than
this: to worship Allah, sincere in their faith
in Him alone" [al-Bayyinah 5].
5-Jealousy or “Hasad”
1 Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of the Dawn
2 From the mischief of created things;
3 From the mischief of Darkness as it
overspreads;
4 From the mischief of those who practice
Secret Arts;
5 And from the mischief of the envious one as
he practices envy
Ahadith of the Prophet(s.a.w.)
concerning Hasad
• “Protect yourself against Hasad. It eats up your good deeds just like fire eats up the wood.” Abu Dawud
• Abu Hurairah (r.a.a.) reported that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,” Do not pry, do not interfere in someone’s business matter, do not be jealous, do not have vendetta, do not be indifferent to each other and do not be greedy. Be like true servants of Allah (s.w.t.) and be brothers.” Bukhari, Muslim, Mishkat
• “Diseases of the previous nations have affected you. These are Hasad and animosity. They are like shavers. They do not shave hairs, they shave your Deen.” Ahmad, Tirmizi,
6- Prejudice.
Prejudice against other persons could be
based upon race, ethnicity, sect, national
origin etc.
Due to this prejudice, one may say things
or take actions which are contrary to the
best interest of unity.
This could lead to grouping and division of
the Ummah.
Islamic teachings uproot all kind of
prejudices and declare all human beings to
be one family.
7-Deception or Fraud
Muslims are forbidden to deceive their brothers in conversations, in personal or business dealings.
They are not to give false information, lie or mislead them.
When a person is found committing such acts, there can not be any mutual trust left in these relations. When there is no trust, there can not be any mutual love.
Sufyan Ibn Asad (r.a.a.) reports that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Greatest dishonest act is this that you tell your brother a lie but he believes it to be the truth.” Mishkat
How to resolve the conflicts?
If two parties among the Believers fall into a quarrel make ye peace
between them: but if one of them transgresses beyond bounds against
the other then fight ye (all) against the one that transgresses until it
complies with the command of Allah; but if it complies then make
peace between them with justice and be fair: for Allah loves those who
are fair (and just).
The believers are but a single Brotherhood: So make peace and
reconciliation between your two (contending) brothers: And fear Allah
that ye may receive Mercy. Hujurat 49: 9, 10
A- General Steps.
1- Think positive and have good estimation of
the disputing person’s thoughts and actions.
2- Good communication. One should keep the
lines of communication open and try to remove
any misunderstandings.
3- Always have good will for others and keep
the heart clean of any ill feelings.
4- Always make dua for others especially with
the person with whom there is dispute.
B- Specific Steps
1- Personal contact- Many of the differences
could be resolved by personal meeting.
2- Mediation- An arbiter should listen to both
sides and try to give a just verdict. Both parties
should listen and accept the decision with open
mind.
3- Arbitration- Arbitration committee should
listen to both sides, look at the evidence and
then come up with a verdict. This must be
binding upon the parties in dispute.
4- Disciplinary action