HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT- (2020-2021)
CLASS –XC
INTEGRATED INDIAN SCHOOL KUWAIT
1.SUBJECT: SECOND LANGUAGE
HINDI
1)विज्ञापन एल्बम (कोई 5)
2) अनुचे्छद लेखन:- क) जय-जवान, जय-ककसान
ख) मकिला सशक्तिकरण
(ग) प्रदूषण
3) कशकायती पत्र एवं सम्पादकीय पत्र के एक-एक उदािरण कलक्तखए।
4) लघु कथा लेखन (कोई 2)
URDU
جو آپ کی نوٹ بک میں کرواے گے ہیں۔-۔مضمون لکھیۓ :1
۔سابقے لاحقے،متضاد، مزکر مونس، جملے ،درخواست ،خط 2
آپ کو نوٹ بک میں کروایا گیا ہے۔ لکھیے جو
Activity
اپنی کتاب سے ایک نظم کو تصویر کے ساتھ لکھ کر لانا۔
پانی کی آلودگی سبق کو چارٹ پر بنا کر لایے
HCNERF
1) Write the question and answers from leçons 1 to 6 (3 times) and learn them.
2) Write and learn les lettres, les dialogues, les invitations, le message et les
dialogues (5 times)
3) Écrivez une lettre à votre ami(e) décrivant comment vous avez passé les
vacances d’été.
4) Write the grammaire of leçons 1 to 6 (3 times)
5) Make Power Point présentation of culture and civilisation of France, French
cheese, French parfumes, monuments, French Food, Tour de France,
Festival de Cannes, la fête de la musique, le festival d’Avignon, about les
fêtes françaises et l’université de Sorbonne.
6) Write (5 times) and learn all the letters which has been given in the note book.
2. SUBJECT: ENGLISH
“Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I
learn”
- Benjamin Franklin
Prepare diary entries on the daily happenings every day before sleep.
Redo the 1st unit test question paper.
Download 5 previous year board question papers and solve it.
Read “The Story of my Life” and “Wings of Fire” and prepare book reviews on both.
Prepare stories on the topic 1. ‘Covid Days’
2. Write an interesting story justifying the proverb
“Time and tide waits for none”
3.Last Sunday we went to the beach and saw……
Write articles on the topic 1.‘Lockdown’
2.‘Return of Nature during Quarantine’
3.’The Need of the Hour is Sustainable Development’
Prepare a descriptive paragraph on 1.‘The Most Cherished Moment of My Life’
2. ‘The First Book that Inspired Me’
3. Describe a smart phone to a time traveler from
the 1900s
As part of Art Integrated Learning (AIL), prepare a project on the topic ‘ Traditional
Dance Forms of India’
Be polite with your parents and make sure that they also get a happy time.
Make sure that your family is having at least one meal together.
NB:
The AIL project should be written separately and should be submitted as a
separate file.
Use A4 sheets to write your holiday homework.
Assignments must be submitted on the first day when the school reopens.
Each topic should begin in a fresh page.
The front sheet should have your full name, Class and Roll Number.
3. SUBJECT : SCIENCE
I. CHEMISTRY
WRITE DOWN THE ANSWERS FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN A4 SIZE PAPERS AND
FILE IT.
1. Out of the elements H(1), Be(4), Na(11) and Mg(12).
a. Write the pair of elements having similar chemical properties.
b. State the group number of each pair
c. Name one another element belonging to each of these groups.
2. Dry HCl gas does not change the colour of dry blue litmus paper why?
3. Antacid tablets are used by a person suffering from stomach pain why?
4. Toothpaste is used for cleaning teeth why?
5. Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance them.
a. Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen gas to form ammonia gas.
b. Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide gas.
c. Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a
precipitate of barium sulphate.
d. Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
e. Zinc metal reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to give zinc sulphate solution and
hydrogen gas
6. The pH of a sample of vegetable soup was found to be 6.5. How is this soup likely to
taste?
7. What is an alkali?
8. Calcium is an element with atomic number 20. Stating the reason, answer each of the
following questions:
i. Is calcium a metal or a non-metal?
ii. Will its atomic radius be larger or smaller than that of potassium with atomic
number 19?
iii. Write the formula of its oxide.
9. Three elements A, B and C have atomic number 7, 8 and 9 respectively.
i. What would be their positions in the Modern Periodic Table (Mention group and
period both)?
ii. Arrange A, B and C in the decreasing order of their size.
iii. Which one of the three elements is most reactive and why?
10. How will the tendency to gain electrons change as we go from left to right across a
period ? Why ?
11. A shiny brown coloured element X’ on heating in air becomes black in colour. Name the
element X’ and the black compound formed.
12. (a) Name metals among the first five elements of the Modern Periodic Table.
(b) Write their symbols.
(c) Write the formula of their oxides.
13. Zinc oxide is considered as an amphoteric oxide why ?.
14. Non-metals in general do not displace hydrogen from dilute acids why ?.
15. Metals conduct electricity why?
16. Why has hydrogen been placed in the first group of the periodic table although it is a
non- metal?
17. How does the atomic radius change in a period and a group?
18. What change is observed across a period and down a group in the following:
(a) Electron affinity (b) Ionization energy
19. Why is the 18th group of the periodic table called the zero group?
20.What is rust chemically speaking?
21. Name the chemical compounds formed when Copper and Silver undergo corrosion.
22. Name the two substances which on undergoing oxidation result in ‘Rancidity
23. What happens when a few pieces of granulated zinc is warmed with a small quantity of NaOH
solution ? Write only the applicable chemical equation.
24.Name the end products of reaction between metal bicarbonates and dilute acid.
25.Draw modern periodic table neatly in a chart paper.
INSTRUCTIONS
Write all the questions in A4 size paper except question number 25. Question number 25 should be in Chart paper Assignments must be submitted on the first day when the school reopens The front sheet should have your full name, class and roll number.
II. BIOLOGY
Write the answers of the following questions:
1. How do desert plant perform photosynthesis process though their stomata remain
closed during daytime?
2. Name one gland in human body, which secretes digestive enzymes as well as
hormones.
3. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and
birds
4. What is the function of digestive enzymes?
5. Write the difference between artery and vein.
6. Draw and explain the structure of neuron.
7. Why are cramps caused in our muscles during sudden activity?
8. Define translocation with respect to transport in plants.
9. Describe an experiment to show that “Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis.”
10. Which enzyme is present in saliva to break down starch?
11. State the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
12. a) Draw a labelled diagram of stomata. List two functions of stomata.
b) What are the events occurring during photosynthesis? Write chemical equation
for photosynthesis.
13. Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions? Write the functions of any two
regions of it.
14. What are Villi? Where are they present? What are their function?
15. What is double circulation? Explain with the help of schematic diagram.
16. How is fat digested in our body? Where do this process takes place?
17. Name the component of blood that helps in the formation of blood clot in the event of
cut.
18. Draw the labelled diagram of brain. Explain the different parts of the brain and their
functions.
19. Draw a suitable diagram of human alimentary canal and label the organs which
performs the following functions:
A.Secretion of the hormone insulin. B. Secretion of bile.
20. How would it affect the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates in the duodenum of
man if there is a blockage in the pancreatic duct? Explain.
21. a. Draw a sectional view of the human heart and label the following:
(i) Aorta (ii) Right Ventricle (iii) Pulmonary Vein.
b. State the functions of the following components of transport system.
(i) Blood (ii) Lymph
22. State the functions of plant hormones. Name four different types of plant hormones.
23. What is reflex action? Describe the steps involved in a reflex action.
24. What is endocrine system? What are its functions? Name the important endocrine
glands present in a human body. Draw a labelled diagram to show the positions of
these endocrine glands in the human body (male/female).
25. Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with
respect to their structure and functioning.
III.PHYSICS
1. Electric current flows through a metallic wire from its one end A to other end B. which end of the
wire is at higher potential? Why?
2. State the properties of charge.
3. Keeping the potential difference constant, the resistance of a circuit is doubled. By what factor
does the current change in the circuit?
4. Write the advantages of ground water.
5. Differentiate between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
6. A 10 Ω resistor is connected in parallel across the series combination of 4 Ω and 6 Ω resistors.
Calculate the amount of heat produced per second, in 4Ω resistance if 10 J heat is produced per
second in 10Ω resistor.
7. What is meant by electric resistivity of a material? Derive its SI units. Describe an experiment to
study the factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends.
8. Write any three differences between the series and parallel combination of resistance.
9. Write the disadvantages of constructing dam.
10. What are the properties of a good source of energy? Differentiate between conventional and
nonconventional energy.
4. SOCIAL SCIENCE
MINERALS AND ENERGY CLASS X (QUES-ANS1-21)
Distinguish between
1) Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
Ferrous minerals are in the category of metallic minerals that contain iron (Fe).
The composition of iron varies from mineral to mineral. Pyrite is an example of
a ferrous mineral. Non-ferrous minerals arc the metallic minerals that do not
contain iron (Fc). Gold (Au) is an example of a non-ferrous mineral.
2) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Conventional Non-conventional
(i) They are the energy resources in use since ages.
They are in use recently
(ii) They make use of non-renewable sources of energy.
They make use of renewable sources of energy.
(iii) They are expensive. They are cheaper.
(iv) They can cause pollution; e.g., coal, petroleum, natural gas, electricity, etc.
No pollution is caused by them; e.g., the solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas, etc.
(3) What is a mineral?
Minerals are defined as solid, inorganic, naturally occurring substances
with a definite chemical formula and general atomic structure.
(4) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Minerals generally occur in igneous and metamorphic rocks. In most
cases, they are formed when minerals in liquid or molten and gaseous
forms are forced upward through cavities towards the earth’s surface,
they cool and solidify as they rise in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints.
The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger is called lodes.
(5) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?
(i) Mineral resources form about 1% of Earth’s crust and require millions
of years to form, therefore are finite and non-renewable in nature.
(ii) The continued extraction of ores will lead to increase in cost as
extraction comes from greater depths.
(iii) There is also a decrease in quality along lower depths. 6) Describe the distribution of coal in India.
(i) Coal in India is most abundantly available fossil fuel.
(ii) It provides a substantial part of nation’s energy needs. (iii) It is used for power generation, to supply energy to industries as well as for domestic needs. (iv) India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy requirements. (v) There are four types of coal found on the basis of carbon content in it. They are — Peat, lignite, bituminous and Anthracite. (vi) In India, coal occurs in rule series of two main geological ages, namely Gondwana, a little over 200 million years in age and in tertiary deposits which are only about 55 million years old. (vii) Coal is known as ‘Gondwana coal’ is found in the Damodar valley, situated in Bengal and Jharkhand region. Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro are important coalfields while Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys also contain coal deposits. (viii) While tertiary coal occurs in the north eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.
7) Which state is the largest producer of manganese in India? Mention any four uses of manganese. Odisha is the largest producer of manganese in India. Four uses of manganese are as follows:
Manganese is used in manufacture of steel and ferro-manganese alloy. It is used in manufacturing bleaching powder. It is a raw material in manufacturing insecticides. It is also used in making paints.
(8) Minerals are unevenly distributed in India.’ Explain with three examples. Minerals are unevenly distributed in India. This can be explained by giving the following examples.
Peninsular rocks contain most of the reserves of coal, metallic minerals, mica and other non-metallic minerals.
Sedimentary rocks on the western and eastern sides of the peninsula in Gujarat and Assam have rich petroleum deposits.
Rajasthan, together with the peninsular region, has reserves of non-ferrous minerals.
(9) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
(i) India is a tropical country and therefore receives large amount of sunlight,
which can be used for Solar energy.
(ii) States such as Rajasthan, Gujarat, among others have large tracts of
wasteland which receive huge amount, of sunlight and therefore can be used to
build large scale solar plants.
(iii) There has been an increased investment from the private sector and Foreign
direct investment into solar power technology, thereby reducing pricing of per
unit electricity produced.
(iv) The government has subsidized the use of solar water heaters, solar lights,
etc. which has increased their usage in high altitude regions, such as Ladakh,
among others.
(v) There has also been a shift in government planning towards renewable
sources of energy among which solar power has been prioritized.
(10)Consumption of energy in all forms has been rising all over the country. There is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development and energy saving.’ Suggest and explain any three measures to solve this burning problem. ans.The following are the measures to solve this burning problem.
We should use public transport instead of personal vehicles as much as possible.
We should switch off electricity when not in use. We should switch to power-saving devices. We should keep our power equipment well maintained. Above all, use of non-conventional sources of energy would be of great help in
overcoming the problem.
(11)‘There is a pressing need to use renewable energy resources.’ Justify the statement with suitable arguments. ans. The given statement can be justified by the following arguments.
Increased consumption of energy resources has increased our dependence on fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.
There are uncertainties about the energy supplies in future because of their potential shortages.
Use of non-renewable sources have serious consequences on the growth of national economy as they are getting expensive day by day.
Above all, non-renewable sources pose a great threat in the form of pollution and other environmental issues.
Solar, wind, tide, biomass and energy from waste material can thus, be proved advantageous in long run.
(12)Highlight the importance of petroleum. Explain the occurrence of petroleum in India. ans.The importance of petroleum is as follows:
It provides fuel for heating and lighting. It provides lubricants for machinery and raw materials for many manufacturing
industries. Petroleum refineries act as a ‘nodal industry’ for synthetic textiles, fertiliser and
chemical industries. (any two)
The occurrence of petroleum in India:
Most of the petroleum in India is found in anticlines and fault traps in the rock formations of the tertiary age.
In regions of folding, anticlines or domes, it occurs where oil is trapped in the crest of the upfold.
The oil-bearing layer is porous limestone or sandstone through which oil may flow. The oil is prevented from sinking or rising by intervening non-porous layers.
(13) Minerals are indispensable part of our lives.’ Support the statement with examples. ans. Minerals are indispensable part of our lives. The statement can be supported giving the following examples.
Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering building or a big ship, all are made from minerals. The railways lines and the tarmac (paving) of the roads, our implements and machinery too are made of minerals.
Cars, buses, trains, airplanes manufactured from minerals are run by power resources derived from the earth.
Even the food we eat contains minerals. Although our minerals intake represents only about 0.3% of our total intake of nutrients, they are so potent and so important that without them we would not be able to utilize the other 99.7% of foodstuffs.
Human beings have used minerals for their livelihood, decoration, festivities, religious and ceremonial sites. In short, all living things need minerals. Life processes cannot occur without minerals.
Minerals like coal, petroleum, etc. are important sources of industrial and domestic energy. It is because of these energy resources that the wheel of development is moving.
(14) How is the mining activity injurious to the health of the miners and environment? Explain. ans. Mining activity is injurious to the health of miners due to the following reasons.
Inhalation of poisonous gases and dust make them vulnerable to pulmonary diseases.
The risk of collapse of mine roofs may risk the life of miners. Inundation and fires in coalmines are a constant threat to the miners.
The following points show how mining affects the environment.
It results in contamination of water. Dumping of waste and slurry leads to degradation of land and soil. It results in air and water pollution.
(15)In the present day energy crisis, what steps will you like to take for saving energy? ans. We can save the energy by the following ways.
Switching off the electrical appliances when not in use Use of energy efficient devices like CFC bulbs and appliances Car pooling or use of public transport instead of private vehicles Use of alternate sources of energy (non-conventional/renewable sources)
(16)How can solar energy solve the energy problem to some extent in India? Give your opinion. ans. Solar energy can solve the energy problem in India to some extent in the following ways:
India is a tropical country and it has enormous possibilities of tapping solar energy.
It is the cleanest form of energy available free of cost. It minimises dependence of rural households on firewood and dung cakes.
(17)How can biogas solve the energy problem mainly in rural India? Give your
suggestions.
ans. Biogas is produced from shrubs, farm waste, animal and human waste mainly
for domestic consumption in rural areas. It can solve the energy problem in rural
India in the following ways.
Decomposition of organic matter yields gas, which has higher thermal .efficiency than kerosene, dung cake and charcoal.
It provides the farmers with energy and improved quality of manure.
It prevents the loss of trees and manure due to burning of fuel coal and cowdung cakes.
(18)Why is conservation of mineral resources essential? Explain any three methods to conserve them. ans. Minerals conservation is essential because:
Minerals are non-renewable or finite in nature. The rate of formation of minerals is very slow in comparison to the rate of
consumption. The geological processes of mineral formation takes place over millions of years.
They are valuable and short-lived possessions of a country. Continued extraction leads to increasing costs as they are taken from greater depths along with decrease in quality.
The following are the three methods of conserving minerals.
Minerals have to be used in a planned and sustainable manner. Improved technologies should be evolved to make use of low grade ores at low
costs. Recycling of metals, using scrap metals and other substitutes would help in
the conservation of minerals. Using better mining methods will also help to reduce wastage.
(19)Which is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India? Assess the importance of its different forms. ans.The most abundantly available fossil fuel in India is coal. Coal is used as a domestic fuel for generation of thermal power and to supply energy to industries. The following points show the importance of different types of coal.
Lignite: It is a low-grade brown coal, which is soft and has a high moisture content. It is used for generation of electricity.
Bituminous: The most popular variety of commercial and metallurgical coal is bituminous. It is formed due to high temperature deep in the interior. It has a special value in smelting of iron in blast furnaces.
Anthracite: The highest quality of hard coal is known as Anthracite. It has the highest content of carbon and is mainly used for power generation in metallurgy.
(20) Differentiate between metallic and non-metallic minerals with examples
ans.The difference between metallic and non-metallic minerals are:
(21)Make a distinction between hydroelectrkity and thermal electricity stating three
points of distinction.
Hydroelectricity and thermal electricity differ from each other in the following ways.
WRITE THE NOTES NEATLY IN THE NOTEBOOK
AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION (QUES- ANS10-23)
10.How did the seasonality of employment affect the lives of Indian workers during 18th century? Explain. Answer: Ans. Seasonality of employment affected the lives of the Indian workers during the 18th century in the following ways.
Seasonality of work meant prolonged period of unemployment. Workers were forced again on streets.
Many went back to their villages. Others looked for odd jobs in the cities.
11.What were guilds? How did they make it difficult for new merchants to set
business in towns of England? Explain.
Answer:
Guilds were the associations of artisans or merchants who controlled the practise of
their craft and trade in a particular city. They were very powerful as they were
granted monopoly rights by the rulers to produce and trade in specific product. They
themselves trained the people in their trade or craft. They regulated competition and
restricted the entry of new people in the trade. This made it difficult for the new
merchants to set up their business in towns of England.
12.“Historians now have come to increasingly recognize that the typical worker in the mid-nineteenth century was not a machine operator but the traditional craftsperson and labourer.” Analyse the statement. Answer: The typical worker in the mid-nineteenth century was not a machine operator but the traditional craftsperson and labourer.
Less than 20% of the total workforce was employed in advanced technological industrial centres.
The traditional craftsmen and their handmade things were more popular as aristocratic class preferred handmade items. It defined their class and status.
Much of the industries were based on season like food processing, pottery, book binding, catering, ship repairing, etc. Machines would be huge investment with no work. They thus preferred hand labour.
There were wide range of products that could only be produced by hand because of their varied designs, better finishing and specific shapes. Machines would produce similar products.
There was no shortage of human hands. Producers were thus in no state to shift to machines.
13.Explain the role played by advertisements in creating new consumers for the British products. Answer: From the very beginning of the industrial age, advertisements have played an important role in expanding markets for products and shaped a new consumer culture.
Advertisements created an inspiration among people to consume those products. People began to believe that consuming British products meant acquiring a higher social status akin to the British.
To impress Indian consumers, images of Indian gods and goddesses were used to show divine approval to the goods to be sold.
Advertisements made products appear desirable and necessary. So people were more confident while buying them.
14. Why did the East India Company appoint gomashthas? Give three reasons.
OR
Describe any three functions of gomasthas. Answer: East India company appointed gomashthas because of the following reasons.
The British wanted to develop a system of management and control to eliminate competition, control costs and ensure regular supplies of cotton and silk goods.
For that, the British appointed a paid servant, called the gomastha, to supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth.
It prevented company weavers from dealing with other buyers. Those who took loans had to hand over the cloth they produced to the gomastha. They could not take it to any other trader.
15.How did industries develop in India in the second half of the nineteenth century? Explain. Answer: The following are the ways in which industries developed in India in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Many Indians benefited from the opium trade with China by becoming junior players. When opportunities of investment in industries opened, many of them invested in this sector.
In Bombay, Dinshaw Petit and Jamsetjee Nusserwanjee Tata invested in industries after earning profits from exports to China and cotton exports to England.
Many merchants, especially in Madras, had trade links in Burma, Middle -East and East Africa. Others were engaged in banking and financing activities. When conditions became favourable for industrial advancement in India, many of them set up factories
16 .Why could Manchester never recapture its old position in the Indian market after the First World War? Explain. Answer: Manchester could never recapture its old position in the Indian market after the First World War because of the following reasons.
The First World War created a dramatically new situation which occupied British mills for aiding war production to meet the needs of the army.
Manchester imports into India declined. This gave Indian mills an opportunity to supply to the Indian market.
As the war stretched, Indian factories also supported the war effort by supplying war needs like jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items.
New factories were established and old ones ran more than one shifts. New workers were employed and work hour increased. It consolidated the position of Indian industries.
After the war, Britain could not modernise and compete with the United States, Germany and Japan. The production from Manchester collapsed and export fell.
17.“In eighteenth-century Europe, the peasants and artisans in the countryside readily agreed to work for the merchants.” Explain any three reasons. Answer: The peasants and artisans in countryside readily agreed to work for merchants because of the following reasons.
With the end of open field system and enclosing of commons, poor peasants had to look for alternate source of income to survive.
Many peasants and artisans owned small plots of land, which did not provide enough produce and work for all household members.
By working for merchants, the peasants and artisans could retain in the countryside and cultivate their land. Hence, when advances were offered to them, they readily accepted. Income from working for merchants supplemented their savings. It also allowed them to use their household 1 members to the maximum.
18. Who were the jobbers? Explain their main functions. Answer: Jobbers were the paid workers of the industrialists. They were old and most trusted workers. The following were the main functions of the jobbers.
Jobbers got the people from villages, ensured their jobs and helped them to settle in the city.
They often helped the workers by providing them money in time of crises.
19. What was Proto-industrialization ? Explain the importance of proto-industrialization. Answer: Proto-industrialization refers to the earliest phase of industrialisation, whereproduction was mainly done by hands. It was controlled by merchants or trade guilds having monopoly over production and trade. Household members carried out the production process. The production units were set up in countryside. Proto-industrialization was important because of the following reasons.
It enabled the efficient utilisation of work force in productive work. Income from production supplemented the meagre income of poor peasants
and weavers. Global demands were fulfilled. It led to the base for proper industrialization in the coming years.
20. Explain any five ways by which new markets and consumes were created in India by British manufacturers.
Answer: The following are the five ways by which new markets and consumers were created in India by British manufacturers.
The products were advertised through newspapers, magazine, hoardings, street walls, etc.
Products like cloth ‘ ere labelled with place of manufacturing along with company’s name to make the consumer familiar with the product.
Images of Indian gods and goddesses were also illustrated to show the association with gods and divide approval of the product by gods.
Manufactures also printed calendars to popularise their product. It appealed the people who could not read.
Nationalist messages were also used to popularise the product and expand market with the country.
21“The First World War created the favourable conditions for the development of industries in India.” Support the statement with suitable examples. Answer: The First World War created favourable conditions for the development of industries in India in the following ways.
British mills became busy with war production and Manchester imports into India declined.
Suddenly Indian factories had a vast home market to supply goods. Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs like jute bags, cloth for
army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items.
New factories were set up and old ones ran multiple shifts. Many new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours. Over the war years industrial production boomed.
After the war, Manchester could not recapture its old position in the Indian market. The economy of Britain collapsed after the war. Cotton production and exports fell. Local industrialists in India consolidated their position, substituting foreign goods and capturing the home market.
22. Why were there frequent clashes between Gomasthas and weavers in the villages? Explain five reasons. Answer: The following were the reasons for the clashes between the gomasthas and the weavers in the villages.
The gomasthas were outsiders and had no social link with villagers. They were arrogant and marched into village with sepoys and peons. They punished weavers for delay in supply. The weavers could not sell their cloth to other buyers because they had to sell
to the company due to the loans they took from them. They had to accept the price offered by the company to them, although it was
very low.
23. Explain any three problems faced by the Indian weavers in 1850s. Answer: The following problems were faced by Indian weavers by the turn of the 19th century.
Because of heavy import duty on Indian cotton textile, export market in India collapsed. Local market was flooded with Manchester textile. Being produced by machines, it was cheaper than Indian-made textile. Weavers could not compete with this situation. Weaving regions declined and were desolated.
Weavers were not able to procure good-quality raw cotton as most of it was exported. The low-quality raw cotton stood nowhere in the market.
With the increase of raw cotton export, price of raw cotton also shot up. Thus, the weavers could not afford to buy it and starved of supplies.
Apart from that, factory production in India had started, Machine-made Indian goods also flooded the market. Weavers, thus, could not survive in a situation where there were problems all around.
GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE
INSTRUCTION
1. Refer the chapter Gender, Religion and Caste(page No.39)
2. All question- answers should be written in your Note Book.
1. Define Feminist movement. Explain the political demands of the Feminist
Movement in India.
Agitations or movements demanding enhancement in the political and legal
status of woman and improving their education and career opportunities are
called Feminist Movement.
Political Demand
More women representative in local government bodies.
More political representation for women by having elected women
representatives.
Reserving at least one-third of the seats in Lok Sabha Legislative
Assemblies for women
2. Examine the standard of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies.
OR
Assess the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies.
OR
What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?
The status of women’s representation in India legislative bodies is as
follows:
1. Central Legislature: Less than 10% of its total strength is women.
2. State Legislature: Less than 5% of its total strength are shown
3. Panchayati Raj: One-third of the state are reserved for women.
4. India is among the bottom group of nations in the world, in this respect.
5. Women’s organizations and activists have been demanding a similar
reservation of at least one-third of seats in Lok Sabha and State
Assemblies. But the bill to this effect has not been passed
3. Describe any five ways in which women in India are still discriminated and
oppressed.
OR
“In our country, women still lag much behind than men despite some
improvements since Independence”. Support the statement by giving five
reasons.
OR
Explain with five examples that women are still discriminated in India.
OR
How “women in India still face discrimination and oppression in various ways:.
Support the statement with five examples.
OR
What are the problems faced by Indian women which affect their social
status? Explain any five.
OR
Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or
disadvantaged in India.
In our country, women still lag much behind than men despite some
improvements since Independence.
Women face disadvantage, discrimination and oppression in various
ways:
1. The literacy rate among women is only 54%as compared with 76% among
men.
2. Similarly, a smaller proportion of girls students go for higher studies. Girls
are performing as good as boys in school. But they drop out because
parents prefer to spend their resource for their boy’s education rather
spending equally on their sons and daughters.
3. The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still
very small. On an average, an Indian women works one hour more than
an average man every day.
4. The Equal Wages Act provides that equal wages should be paid to equal
work. However , in almost all areas of work, from sports and cinema to
factroies and field , women are paid less than men, even when both do
exactly the same work.
5. In many parts of India, parents prefer to have sons and find ways to have
the girl child aborted before she is born. Such sex-selective abortion led to
a decline in child sex ratio.
4. Define communalism.
When beliefs of one religion are presented as superior to those of other
religions, when the demands of one religious group are formed in opposition
to another and when sate power is used to establish domination of one
religious group over the rest, is called communalism.
5. Describe any five constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.
OR
What is the meaning of “Secularism”? How does the constitution make India a
secular state? Explain.
OR
“The makers of the Indian Constitution chose the model of a secular state for
India”. Which constitutional provisions make India a secular state in the light
of the above statement?
OR
What is a secular state? How does the Constitution of India ensure that India
remains a secular state? Explain.
OR
How does the Constitution of India ensure Secularism?
Secularism means no special status is given to any religion. It is just
not ideology of some parties or persons.
1. There is no official religion for the Indian states, unlike the status of
Buddhism in Sri Lanka, or that of Islam in Pakistan.
2. The constitution provides freedom to all to protest, practice and propagate
any religion, or not to follow any.
3. The constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
4. The constitution allows state to intervene in the matters of religion in order
to ensure equality within religious communities. For example, it bans
untouchability.
6. Mention the forms in which communalism are expressed in politics. Describe
the solution provided by the Constitution’s framers of India to meet this
challenge.
1. The routine beliefs involve religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious
communities and belief in the superiority of one’s religion over other
religions.
2. A communal mind often leads to a quest for political dominance of one’s
own religious community.
3. For those belonging to the majority community, this takes the form of
majoritarian dominance. For those belonging to the minority community, it
can take the form of a desire to form a separate political unit.
4. Political mobilization on religious lines is another frequent form of
communalism. This involves the use of sacred symbols, religious leaders,
emotional appeal and plain fear in order to bring the followers of one
religion together in the political arena.
5. Sometimes communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence,
riots and massacre.
7. Explain the impact of caste system on Indian democracy.
1. Expression of caste differences in politics gives many disadvantaged
communities the space to demand their share of power. In this sense,
caste politics has helped Dalit and OBC to gain better access to decision
making.
2. Several political and non-political organizations have been demanding and
agitating for an end to discrimination against particular castes, for more
dignity and more access to land, resources and opportunities.
3. Exclusive attention can produce negative results as well. It can divert
attention from other pressing issues such as poverty, development and
corruption. In some cases, it leads to violence.
8. Why are caste barriers breaking down in India? Explain with three reasons.
OR
Describe any three factors that are responsible for breaking down of caste
system in India.
1. Social and economic development.
2. Urbanization.
3. Occupational mobility.
4. Growth of literacy and education.
5. The constitution of India prohibited any caste based discrimination.
6. Constitutional prohibition of untouchability
7. Any other relevant point.
9. Explain the factors that have led to the weakening of the caste system in
India.
OR
Explain any five reasons for the declining caste system in India.
OR
What factors have brought about a change in the Indian caste System in modern
times? Explain.
OR
Explain any five socio-economic changes responsible for breaking down the old
notion of caste hierarchy in India.
1. Efforts of social reformers like Phule, Gandhiji, and Ambedkar against caste
system have helped to promote a casteless society.
2. Economic development has reduced the emphasis on caste.
3. Large scale urbanization has diminished the awareness of caste, as people
rub shoulders in buses, trains and offices.
4. Growth of literacy and education has helped to decrease the belief in caste.
5. Occupational mobility is possible now and children are not compelled to
continue the profession of the family or father.
6. Weakening of the position of landlords in the villages has led to decline of the
rigid caste barriers in villages.
10. How can caste take different forms in politics? Explain with examples.
OR
Analyze the role of caste in Indian politics.
1. While choosing candidates for election, political parties consider the caste
composition of the voters to win support.
2. When the government is formed, political parties take care that
representative from different castes find a place in the government.
3. Political parties make an appeal to the caste sentiments to win vote.
4. Some political parties are known to favor some particular caste.
5. Universal Adult Franchise and the principle of one-person-one-vote have
compelled the political leaders to bring caste sentiments into politics to
muster support.
11. Describe the positive and negative aspects of relationship between caste and
politics.
OR
Describe advantages and disadvantages of the political expression of caste
differences.
Advantages
1. It gives disadvantaged groups the opportunity to demand a share in power
and decision making.
2. Many political parties take up the issue of ending caste discrimination.
3. Measures for uplifting the status of the backward caste will be undertaken
Disadvantages
1. Caste – based politics diverts attention from main issues such as
poverty, corruption etc.
2. Caste- based politics leads to tensions, conflicts and violence.
12. Assess the influences of politics on caste system.
1. Each caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating within its sub-
castes.
2. Various caste groups are required to enter into a coalition with other
castes or communities.
3. New kinds of caste groups have entered politics like ‘backward and
forward’ castes.
4. Politics in caste has allowed many disadvantaged caste groups to demand
their share of power.
5. Caste politics has helped the Dalit’s and OBCs to gain better access to
decision making.
13. Describe the adverse effects of caste in politics in India.
1. Political parties try to use caste to gain votes.
2. They promise to take care of the interests and demands of different
castes.
3. It leads to conflicts and tensions among various caste groups.
14. How does caste get politicized? Give three points.
1. Each caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating within its
neighboring castes or sub-castes which were earlier excluded from it.
2. Various caste groups are required to enter into a coalition with other
castes or communities and thus enter into a dialogue and negotiation
3. New kinds of caste groups have come up in the political area like ‘
backward’ and forward’ caste groups.
15. How can the relationship between politics and religion be beneficial and
problematic at the same time? Explain.
OR
It is inevitable to ignore the relationship between politics and religion. In what
way does this relationship impact modern day politics? Explain.
Beneficial.
1. Influence of religion can make politics value based.
2. Religious communities can politically express their needs and interests.
3. Political authorities can monitor and control religious discrimination and
oppression
Problematic
1. Religion can become the base for the development of nationalist
sentiments which can lead to conflicts.
2. Political parties will try to make political gains by pitting one group
against the other.
3. Sate power may be used to establish the domination of one religious
group over another.
16. What is sexual division of labor? Mention the main demands of the worldwide
women’s agitation?
Sexual division of labour means the division of work on the basis of the
gender difference and according to this concept, all housework and
responsibility of bringing up children is women’s work.
Women all over the world have been demanding:
1. Equal voting rights.
2. Enhancement of the political and legal status of women.
3. Improvement of educational and career opportunities for women.
ECONOMIS
TOPIC: “A STUDY ON CONSUMER PROTECTION AWARENESS AMONG CONSUMERS IN
YOUR PLACE”.
YOUR PROJECT SHOULD INCLUDE FOLLOWING:
1. INTRODUCTION : ABOUT THE TOPIC CONSUMER PROTECTION AWARENESS
2. OBJECTIVES: WHAT IS YOUR AIM IN DOING THE PROJECT
3. CONTENT & ANALYSIS: ANALYSIS ON INFORMATION COLLECTED
4. CONCLUSION: YOUR FINDINGS FROM THE STUDY
5. SUGGESTIONS: IF YOU HAVE ANY COMMENT ON YOUR FINDINGS, IT SHOULD
BE WRITTEN
6. APPENDIX: THE QUESTIONNAIRE THAT YOU USED TO COLLECT INFORMATION
SHOULD BE ATTACHED.
*NOTE:
HAND WRITTEN.
MINIMUM PAGES 15 – MAXIMUM PAGES 25
COVER PAGE CONTENT: TOPIC OF THE PROJECT, SUBJECT, YOUR NAME,
CLASS, ROLLNO:.
5.SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
1. Prove that n2 – n is divisible by 2 for every positive integer n.
2. Prove that one of every three consecutive positive integers is divisible by 3.
3. Find the H C F of 65 and 117 and express it in the form 65m + 117n.
4. Find the largest number that divides 2053 and 967 leaves a remainder 5 and 7
respectively.
5. In a seminar, the number of participants in Hindi, English and Maths are 60, 84 and 108
respectively. Find the minimum number of rooms required if in each room the same
numberof participants are to be seated and all of them being in the same subject.
6. Three sets of English, Hindi and Maths books have to be stacked in such a way that all the
books are stored topic wise and the height of each stack is the same. The number of English,
Hindi and Maths books are 96, 240 and 336. Determine the number of stacks of English,
Hindi and Maths books.
7. The H C F of two numbers is 145 and their L C M is 2175. If one number is 725, find the
other number.
8. Prove that 3
2√5 is an irrational number.
9. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial 2x2 + 5x + k satisfying the relation
α2 + β2 + αβ = 21
4, then find the value of k.
10. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial 3x2 – 4x + 1, then find a quadratic polynomial
whose zeroes are 𝛼2
𝛽 and
𝛽2
𝛼 .
11. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial x2 – 4x + 3, then find the value of α4β3 + α3β4.
12. If the sum of the zeroes of the polynomial kx2 + 2x + 3k is equal to their product, then
find k.
13. If one zero of the polynomial 4x2 – 8kx – 9 is negative of the other, then find the value of
k.
14. Obtain all zeroes of the polynomial 2x4 + x3 – 14x2 – 19x – 6,if two of its zeroes are -2
and -1
15. Find the values of a and b so that x4 + x3 + 8x2 + ax + b is divisible by x2 + 1.
16. Solve: 37x + 43y = 123 and 43x + 37y = 117
17. Find the value of k for which the following equations have no solution.
3x + y = 1 and (2k – 1 )x + (k – 1)y = 2k + 1
18. Find the value of k for which the following equations have infinitely many solutions.
2x + (k – 2)y = k and 6x + (2k – 1)y = 2k + 5
19. Find the values of p and q for which the following equations have infinitely many
solutions
2x + 3y = 9 and (p + q)x + (2p – q)y = 3(p + q + 1)
20. A boat covers 32km upstream and 36km downstream in 7 hours. Also it covers 40km
upstream and 48km downstream in 9 hours. Find the speed of the boat in still water and the
speed of the stream.
21. A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. If the train would have been
6km/hr faster, it would have taken 4 hours less than the scheduled time. And if the train
were slower by 6km/hr, it would have taken 6 hours more than the scheduled time. Find the
length of the journey.
