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HOLOTHUROIDEA
LUKE EDGAR, COLTON BURKE & JUSTIN ROBAR
TAXON
• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Echinodermata
• Class: Holothuroidea
• Order: Apodida, Elasipodida, Aspidochirotida, Molpadiida, Dendrochirotida, Dactylochirotida
SEA CUCUMBER
CHARACTERISTICS
• Soft bodied echinoderm, invertebrate
• Decomposer
• 20cm on average, ranging 1cm to 3.6m
• 1716 different species
• Tube feet
EVOLUTION
• 400 million years ago (Lower Devonian Period)
• Evolved from Ophiocistioids (Paleozoic Era)
• Poor fossil records, ossicles
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS
• Respiratory trees
• Evisceration to deter predators or seasonally
• Calcite rings around pharynx
• Oracle tentacles
• Ossicles are primary bone structure
VIDEO
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCxKFc3XtJs
LIFE CYCLE
• Reproduce sexually through broadcast spawning
• Asexual reproduction, regeneration, protandric
• Zygote Larvae Adult (Metamorphosis)
• Sexual Dimorphism
• 5-10 year lifespan
FUN FACTS
• Pharmaceutical toxins
• Gourmet food item in orient
• Fish & octopii bait
• Tubules used as bandages
• Commensalism, pearl fish
WORKS CITED
• Mah, Christopher. The Echinoblog. n.p., 7 Aug. 2012. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.
• Hui, KaWai. Sea Cucumber- Holothuria pardalis. The University of Wisconsin La Crosse, Apr. 2008. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.
• Kerr, Alexander. Holothuroidea. Version 1. Tree of Life, Dec. 2000. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.
• Bordbar, Sara et al. High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review. The National Center for Biotechnology Information, 10 Oct. 2011.Web. 20 Mar. 2014.
• Paulay, Gustav. WoRMS taxon details: Holothuroidea. World Register of Marine Species, 8 Dec. 2013. Web. 29 Mar. 2014.
• Mulcrone, Renee. Animal Diversity Web: Holothuroidea. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, 2005. Web. 29 Mar. 2014.
• Waggoner, Ben, and Brian Speer. The Holothuroidea. University of California Museum of Paleontology, 1994. Web. 29 Mar. 2014.
• “Sea cucumber.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 26 Mar. 2014. Web. 30 Mar. 2014.
QUESTIONS?