HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON People, Places, and Change HOLT 1 Atlantic South America Section 1:...

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change

HOLTHOLT

Atlantic South AmericaAtlantic South AmericaSection 1:Section 1: Physical Geography Physical Geography

Section 2: Section 2: BrazilBrazil

Section 3: Section 3: ArgentinaArgentina

Section 4: Section 4: Uruguay and ParaguayUruguay and Paraguay

CHAPTER 11CHAPTER 11



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Objectives: Objectives: What landforms and rivers are found in Atlantic What landforms and rivers are found in Atlantic

South America?South America? What are the region’s climates, vegetation, and What are the region’s climates, vegetation, and

wildlife like?wildlife like? What are some of the region’s important resources?What are some of the region’s important resources?

Section 1Section 1Physical GeographyPhysical Geography



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Atlantic South America’s LandformsAtlantic South America’s Landforms Plains and plateaus—Amazon River basin, Brazilian Plains and plateaus—Amazon River basin, Brazilian

Highlands, Brazilian plateau, Gran Chaco, PampasHighlands, Brazilian plateau, Gran Chaco, Pampas Mountains—the Andes; Mount Aconcagua rises Mountains—the Andes; Mount Aconcagua rises

22,834 feet22,834 feet




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Atlantic South America’s RiversAtlantic South America’s RiversRiver systems—the Amazon is the world’s largest river River systems—the Amazon is the world’s largest river system; the Parana River system drains the central system; the Parana River system drains the central region and forms borders with Paraguay, Brazil, and region and forms borders with Paraguay, Brazil, and ArgentinaArgentina




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Climate, Vegetation, and Climate, Vegetation, and Wildlife of Atlantic South AmericaWildlife of Atlantic South America Rain forest—humid tropical; daily rainfall; the Rain forest—humid tropical; daily rainfall; the

world’s greatest variety of plant and animal life; world’s greatest variety of plant and animal life; wildlife includes piranhas, jaguars, anacondas, slothswildlife includes piranhas, jaguars, anacondas, sloths

Plains and plateaus—climates vary from tropical rain Plains and plateaus—climates vary from tropical rain forests to drier grasslands and humid subtropical and forests to drier grasslands and humid subtropical and humid tropical; wildlife includes armadillos, pumas, humid tropical; wildlife includes armadillos, pumas, red wolves, 60 snake speciesred wolves, 60 snake species




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Important ResourcesImportant Resources The Amazon rain forest—food, wood, rubber, The Amazon rain forest—food, wood, rubber,

medicinemedicine Gold, silver, copper, iron, oilGold, silver, copper, iron, oil Hydroelectric power from riversHydroelectric power from rivers Agriculture; soil exhaustion is a problem in the regionAgriculture; soil exhaustion is a problem in the region




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Objectives: Objectives: What is the history of Brazil?What is the history of Brazil? What are important characteristics of Brazil’s people What are important characteristics of Brazil’s people

and culture?and culture? What are Brazil’s four major regions like today?What are Brazil’s four major regions like today?

Section 2 Section 2 BrazilBrazil



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Brazil’s HistoryBrazil’s History Brazil’s first inhabitants were hunters, fishermen and Brazil’s first inhabitants were hunters, fishermen and

small-scale farmers.small-scale farmers. Portuguese settlers arrived in 1500 and created sugar Portuguese settlers arrived in 1500 and created sugar

plantations; Indians and imported Africans used for plantations; Indians and imported Africans used for slave labor; sugar plantations replaced forests.slave labor; sugar plantations replaced forests.

Settlers also developed ranching, mining, and coffee Settlers also developed ranching, mining, and coffee industries.industries.




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Brazil’s History Brazil’s History (continued) Brazil gained independence from Portugal in 1822; Brazil gained independence from Portugal in 1822;

series of dictatorships and elected governments series of dictatorships and elected governments followed.followed.




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Characteristics of Brazil’s Characteristics of Brazil’s People and CulturePeople and Culture Portuguese is the official language; other languages Portuguese is the official language; other languages

also spoken.also spoken. 70 percent Catholic; Macumba also practiced70 percent Catholic; Macumba also practiced Mixture of African, Brazilian and European cultural Mixture of African, Brazilian and European cultural

traditions; Carnival celebratedtraditions; Carnival celebrated Population is of mixed descent; varying immigrant Population is of mixed descent; varying immigrant

influences are seen in diet, language, and tradition.influences are seen in diet, language, and tradition.

Section 2Section 2BrazilBrazil



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Brazil’s Four Major RegionsBrazil’s Four Major Regions The Amazon—isolated Indian villages; major city is The Amazon—isolated Indian villages; major city is

Manaus; development is threatening rain forest and Manaus; development is threatening rain forest and Indian populationsIndian populations

The Northeast—many old colonial cities; Brazil’s The Northeast—many old colonial cities; Brazil’s poorest region; illiteracy high; poor health care; huge poorest region; illiteracy high; poor health care; huge favelasfavelas




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Brazil’s Four Major Regions Brazil’s Four Major Regions (continued) The Southeast—major coffee producer; rich in The Southeast—major coffee producer; rich in

natural resources; most populous region; Rio de natural resources; most populous region; Rio de Janeiro and São PaoloJaneiro and São Paolo

The Interior—savannas and dry woodlands; Brasília The Interior—savannas and dry woodlands; Brasília founded here to bring developmentfounded here to bring development




HOLTHOLT

Objectives: Objectives: What is the history of Argentina?What is the history of Argentina? What are important characteristics of Argentina’s What are important characteristics of Argentina’s

people and culture?people and culture? What is Argentina like today?What is Argentina like today?

Section 3Section 3ArgentinaArgentina



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Argentina’s HistoryArgentina’s History Early 1500s: first Spanish settlement established Early 1500s: first Spanish settlement established

under under encomiendaencomienda system system Gauchos herded cattle and horses on the Pampas; Gauchos herded cattle and horses on the Pampas;

huge ranches establishedhuge ranches established Argentina gains independence in 1816; instability and Argentina gains independence in 1816; instability and

violence persisted, killing off most native Indiansviolence persisted, killing off most native Indians Wars subsided by the late 1870sWars subsided by the late 1870s




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Argentina’s People and CultureArgentina’s People and Culture Majority of the population is of European descent; 3 Majority of the population is of European descent; 3

percent native Indian descendantspercent native Indian descendants Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion.Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion. Spanish is the official language.Spanish is the official language. Beef is an important element in diet and agriculture.Beef is an important element in diet and agriculture.




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Argentina TodayArgentina Today Has had democratic government since 1983Has had democratic government since 1983 Has rich natural resources and a well-educated Has rich natural resources and a well-educated

populationpopulation Major city—Buenos Aires—is the second largest city Major city—Buenos Aires—is the second largest city

in South America.in South America. Member of Member of MercosurMercosur Has a large agriculture export industryHas a large agriculture export industry




HOLTHOLT

Objectives: Objectives: What are the people and economy of Uruguay like What are the people and economy of Uruguay like

today?today? What are the people and economy of Paraguay like What are the people and economy of Paraguay like

today?today?

Section 4Section 4Uruguay and ParaguayUruguay and Paraguay



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UruguayUruguay Strong democratic tradition despite occasional Strong democratic tradition despite occasional

military rulemilitary rule 88 percent European descent; 12 percent mestizo, 88 percent European descent; 12 percent mestizo,

African, or IndianAfrican, or Indian Roman Catholicism is dominant.Roman Catholicism is dominant. 90 percent of the population lives in urban areas.90 percent of the population lives in urban areas.




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Uruguay Uruguay (continued) Literacy rate is high.Literacy rate is high. A Mercosur partner; agriculture is an important A Mercosur partner; agriculture is an important

economic elementeconomic element Beach resorts support tourism.Beach resorts support tourism.




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ParaguayParaguay Elected government since 1989Elected government since 1989 95 percent mestizo population95 percent mestizo population Official language is Spanish; most people speak Official language is Spanish; most people speak

Guarani as well.Guarani as well. Most wealth is controlled by a few families and Most wealth is controlled by a few families and

companies.companies.




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Paraguay Paraguay (continued) Much of the economy is traditional; agriculture is key Much of the economy is traditional; agriculture is key

element.element. Promising future possible; able to sell hydroelectric Promising future possible; able to sell hydroelectric

power to Brazil and Argentinapower to Brazil and Argentina


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