HOLY CROSS COLLEGE(AUTONOMOUS)TIRUCHIRAPPALLI -2

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

SEMESTER - I

MAJOR CORE : FUNDAMENTALS FOR BIOCHEMISTRY

CODE: U14BC1MCT01

Specific Outcome of Learning

Unit – I

The student

- Interprets the different types of bonds.

- defines lattice energy

- identifies the factors favoring the formation of ionic bond.

- calculates lattice energy by using Born-Haber cycle.

- defines covalent bond

- explains the formation of sigma bond and pi bond

- differentiates sigma & pi bond

- defines VSEPR theory

- recognizes the shapes of simple molecules.

- argues why a given compound has regular geometry or irregular

geometry

- judges the geometry of various organic molecules based on VSEPR

theory

- compares I. bond and c.bond

- differentiates a polar and nonpolar molecules.

- defines hydrogen bond

- reason cuts the cause of formation of Hydrogen bond.

- identifies the compound containing Hydrogen bond, and the nature of

Hydrogen bond.

- differentiates intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding

- recognizes the unique properties of water

- argues why ice is lighter than water.

- briefs on the glycoside linkages in carbohydrate

- explains hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interact ionic bonds and

vanderwals forces in proteins and nucleic acid.

Unit – II

The student

- defines isomerism

- states the type of isomerism

- defines tatuomerism

- defines geometrical isomerism

- illustrates the types of isomerism

- classifies the types of isomerism

- recognizes the Amido-Imido isomerism

- compares andcontrsst between maleic acid and fumaric acid

- explains ketoenol tautomerism

- illustrates lactum-laticm with example.

- recognize optical activity.

- states sequence rules for R and S notation

- Identifies R and S notation for a new compound

- states & explains resolution

- illustrates reacemisation.

- explains asymmetric synthesis.

Unit – III

The student

- defines Dalton’s law of partial pressure.

- applies Dalton’s law of partial pressure

- defines and applies Henry’s law

- recognizes the gaseous exchanges in the lungs arterial and ventral

capillaries

- identifies the factors affecting 02 –Hb dissociation curve

- argues why venous blood contains high conc. of CO2

- recognizes the principles of electrochemical techniques

- argues why we need reference electrode in all ECT

- explains the procedure involved in glass electrode

- knows to measure the pH by using glass electrode

- interprets the different types of Ion-selective electrode

- knows the principles of oxygen electrode.

- understand the operation of Clark electrode

- applies oxygen electrode to measure o2 concentration in mitochondria

and chloroplast.

- recognizes the applications of oxygen electrode

Unit – IV

The student

- recognizes the rate of the reaction.

- defines rate & rate law

- explains the various methods of rate determination.

- defines order of the reaction

- applies to determine the 1st, 2

nd,3

rd , zero and fractional order of reactions.

- states the molecularity of the reactions.

- differentiates order and molecularity of the reaction.

- defines heat, temperature and energy

- explains the free energy changes associated with biological reaction

- states first law of thermodynamics

- defines enthalpy, entropy and heat content.

- differentiates the processes such as isothermal adiabatic reversible and

irreversible.

- recognizes the need of II law of thermodynamics

Unit – V

Chemical Analysis and Laboratory Hygiene:

The student

- defines pH and pOH

- illustrates buffer solution preparation & uses

- understands buffer action

- derives Henderson equation

- explains the pH of body fluids

- explains buffers in body fluids

HOY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)TIRUCHIRAPALLI-2

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

SEMESTER – I

ALLIED 1 (Compulsory) - FOOD AND NUTRITION

CODE: U14BC1ACT01

Specific outcome of learning

Unit I:

The student

- describes the food as a source of nutrient.

- lists the functions of food.

- defines nutrition.

- classifies nutrients.

- explains the interrelationship between nutrition and health.

- describes the visible symptoms of good health.

- explains the loss of nutrient value when they are exposed to light and heat.

Community nutrition:

- explains the methods of nutritional assessment.

- learns about the role of International agencies such as FAO, WHO,

UNICEF, CARE, ICDS.

- describes the midday meal programme.

- explains the role of national institutions such as ICMR, CSIR, NIN,

CFTRI.

Unit II

The student

- classifies carbohydrates according to the number of saccharine units

giving examples of each.

- explains the functions of carbohydrates that are important in human

metabolism.

- lists the important sources of carbohydrates in the diet.

- illustrates the carbohydrates requirement (carbohydrate calories as percent

of total calories) for different age group.

- lists the symptoms of hypoglycemia

- classifies diabetes mellitus

- describes the changes in carbohydrate, fat & protein metabolism in

diabetes mellitus.

- compares GTT curve in normal persons with that of pre diabetics, mild

diabetics & serve diabetics.

- differentiates hypoglycemic coma & diabetic coma.

- identifies the source, main chain structure and functions of the different

types of dietary fibre

- identifies the dietary source of fibre & lists the dietary fibre content of

some foods.

- describes the beneficial role of fibre in the diet

- classifies lipids and describes their nature and functions in the human

body.

- explains saturated & unsaturated fatty acid.

- defines the term essential fatty acids with suitable example & lists their

sources.

- explains the functions of food fats, body fats, phospholipids, cholesterol

and essential fatty acids.

- describes the essential fatty acid deficiency in human being –

phrynoderma.

PROTEINS

- recognizes the chemical composition of proteins

- differentiates essential and non – essential as indispensable aminoacid

- recognizes the nutritional significance of amino acids.

- classifies amino acids based on their structure.

- classifies amino acids based on their nutritional significance as essential,

semi essential & non-essential amino acid.

- classifies protein according to the recommendations of American

physiological society & the American society of Biological Chemist.

- classifies protein based on their nutritional significance as complete,

partially complete & in complete proteins.

- elaborates the functions of proteins.

- lists the essential amino acid content of some food.

- evaluates the quality of dietary proteins using various method such as

protein ratio (PER), digestibility coefficient, biological value(BV) net

protein utilization, net protein ratio and chemical score.

- defines nitrogen balance.

- differentiates positive nitrogen balance and negative nitrogen balance.

- describes the digestion of proteins & absorption of amino acid.

- describes the fate of dietary protein in our bodies.

- determines protein requirements in terms of the types & amount of food

proteins needed in our diet.

- recognizes the important sources of plant proteins and animal proteins.

- elaborates the protein deficiency state – kwashiorkor and animal proteins.

- discriminates the clinical and biochemical features between marasmus

and kwashiorkor.

Unit III

The student

- defines the mineral nutrient

- classifies mineral nutrient

- defines the macronutrients & micronutrients

- list out the macronutrients & micronutrient

Calcium

- states its distribution and food sources

- explains the absorption

- summarizes the function of calcium

- lists out the requirement of calcium

- explains the factors increasing and decreasing calcium absorption

- describes the role of calcium in the bones & in the blood

- lists out the symptoms of hypocalcaemia

Phosphorous & Magnesium

- states their distribution

- explains their physiological function

- explains their absorption & metabolism

- recognizes their food sources

- deduces their requirement

- summarizes the effect of imbalance

Sodium & Potassium:

- lists out the function of sodium & potassium

- recognises the food sources of sodium & potassium

- explain the sodium & potassium balance

- detects the symptoms of excess sodium & potassium.

- recognises the potassium deficiency & sodium depletion.

- states its distribution.

- lists out the requirement of sodium and potassium.

Sulfur & Chloride

- states the distribution of sulfur & chloride

- states the chief source of sulphur & chlorine in diet.

- identifies the food sources of sulphur & chlorine

- recognise the relationship of molybdenum.

- explains the metabolism.

- deduces its requirements.

- explains its deficiency.

Micronutrients:

- states the distribution of Iron, iodine, copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese,

fluorine, selenium, molybdenum, bromine & metabolism.

- explains the absorption & metabolism of these micro nutrients

- lists out the sources of these micronutrients

- summarizes the functions of these above micronutrients

- explains the deficiencies of the these above micronutrients.

- deduces the requirements of these above micronutrients.

Water:

- states the importance of water.

- explains the distribution & sources.

- lists out the functions of water

- states the water balance

- recognizes the impairment & dehydration of water.

- states edema.

Unit IV

Vitamins:

- defines Vitamins.

- classifies Vitamin according to the their solubility as fat-soluble vitamins

– A,D,E&K and water soluble vitamins B complex and C

- describes the general nature of each vitamin

- explains the functions of each vitamin.

- describes the absorption, transport and storage of each vitamins.

- elucidates the requirement of each vitamin.

- explains the clinical problems associated with deficiency of each vitamin.

- relates the requirement for each vitamin to health problems from a

deficiency and possible dangers from an excess.

- states the distribution of each vitamin.

- identifies the food sources of each vitamin, and situations requiring

possible need for supplementation.

Unit – V

- states the concepts and significance of energy metabolism

- defines and differentiates calorie of joule.

- explains and distinguishes between physical and physiological values of

fuel.

- illustrates the measurement of calorific value of food using bomb

calorimeter.

- differentiates direct and indirect calorimeter

- predicts the relation between O2 consumed and calorific value.

- defines and explains basal metabolism and basal metabolic rate.

- list and states the conditions required for its measurement.

- interprets the standards of basal metabolism – body surface area, weight

and height of the subject.

- interprets the factors affecting BMR and its significance.

- explains specific dynamic activity of food (SDA)

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE(AUTONOMOUS)TIRUCHIRAPALLI-2

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

SEMESTER III - MAJOR CORE PAPER-4

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

CODE: U14BC3MCT04

General Instructional objectives:

- The student learns about the principles, materials, methods, and

applications of various biochemical techniques

SPECIFIC OUT COME OF LEARNING

UNIT I

Spectrophotometric Methods:

- defines electromagnetic radiation

- explains, energy, wavelength, wavenumber

- differentiates absorption and emission spectra.

- derives Beer’s law

- gives an account of colorimetry and spectophotometry

- gives the principle and instrumentation of spectrofluorometer

- identifies the application of spectrofluorometry in biochemistry

- elaborates on flame photometry and atomic absorption

spectrophotometry

- learns about the application of flame photometry and atomic absorption

spectrophotometry and NMR spectra.

UNIT – II

Chromatography:

The student

- defines chromatography

- describes the principles, materials and methods of different

chromatography.

- recognizes the technique involved in each chromatography.

- discusses T.L.C and paper chromatography

- elaborates on G.L.C, ion exchange and molecular sieve chromatography

- gives a detailed account of H.P.L.C

- discuss the application of each chromatography in Biochemistry

UNIT – III

Centrifugation methods:

The student

- describes the basic principles of sedimentation.

- defines centrifugal force, RCF and Svedberg constant.

- classifies centrifuges.

- explains briefly the different types of centrifuges (small bench, capacity

refrigerated, high speed refrigerated ultracentrifuges)

- describes the types of rotors (i.e) fixed angle, swinging bucket, vertical,

horizontal or zonal

- explains the methods of separation using preparative ultra centrifugation

techniques - differential and density gradient centrifugation.

- explains subcellular fractionation using differential centrifugation

- describes the preparation and methods of density centrifugation

- illustrates the analytical ultracentrifuge.

- elucidates the applications of the analytical ultracentrifuge (molecular

weight determination of proteins and nucleic acids, purity of sample,

conformation analysis).

UNIT IV

Electrophoresis:

The student

- defines electrophoresis.

- explains the general principles underlying it.

- recognizes and interprets the types of gel and derives an equation for the

migration of an ion in electric field

- reason out and explains the factors affecting the electrophoretic mobility.

- differentiates the types of electrophoresis (Free and zonal)

- describes the moving boundary electrophoresis

- elaborates on the paper and cellulose acetate filter paper electrophoresis

- discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different gels used in

electrophoresis.

- learns about the solubilizers used in the gel electrophoretic techniques.

- describes the main types of gel electrophoresis(PAGE, SDS-PAGE,

Isoelectric focussing

- explains the immuno electrophoresis

UNIT - V

Radio Isotope Techniques:

The student

- interprets the structure of an atom

- knows the types of radiations

- defines isotopes, radioactive decay, half-life period, unit of radioactivity

and radioactive decay energy

- explains radioactivity.

- describes, differentiates and elucidates the methods (ionization &

excitation) involved in the measurement of radioactivity.

- Illustrates the principle and applications of Geiger-Muller counter

- analyses their advantages and disadvantages.

- explains autoradiography and its practical aspects.

- applies the uses of isotope in the elucidation of metabolic pathway.

- recognizes and interprets its application in clinical scanning and

radiodating.

- analyses the safety aspects in the use of radioisotopes.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 2

II B.SC., BIOCHEMISTRY, SEMESTER III

MAJOR CORE-5: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

CODE:U14BC3MCT05

General Instructional objectives:

The student

- learns about the structure, operational mechanism and functions of the

various organs and organ system in human body

- learns about the chemistry and functioning of various endocrine

Secretions.

Specific Outcome of learning:-

Unit I: Gastrointestinal and Circulatory system

The student

- describes the gross anatomy of the gastro intestinal tract [viz., mouth &

esophagus, stomach, pancreatic (exocrine function) liver & biliary

system, gall bladder small intestine, colon] their secretions and

function.

- describes the structure and functions of the heart

- describes cardiac cycle, electrocardiogram and sounds of heart

- defines cardiac output & blood pressure.

- elucidates the origin and conduction of heart beat in details.

Unit II :Respiratory system

The student

- describes the basic structure and functions of respiratory system.

- explains the physiology of respiration (transport of CO2 and O2)

- comments on various body fluids viz., extra cellular fluids, interstitial

fluid, transcellular fluid and intracellular fluid

- elucidatesthe composition, formulation and flow of lymphatic fluid.

- explains the causes and remedies of respiratory and metabolic acidosis

and alkalosis.

Unit III: Excretory System

The student

-- describes the basic structure of kidney and its functions

– explains the structure of nephron elaborately.

– differentiates superficial and juxta medullary nephrons

– explains glomerular filtration, net or effective filtration pressure, GFR,

tubular load and tubular transport maximum for reabsorption &

secretions.

– explains selective reabsorption of proteins, glucose, H20, Na+, Cl

-,

HCO3-, & PO4

-

– explains tubular secretion and acidification of urine.

– comments on the normal and abnormal constituents of urine.

– describes the structure of testis and ovary.

– describes the physiology of sperm and ova formation .

– comments on the menstrual cycle.

Unit IV: Nervous and Muscular System:-

The student

- elaborates on the structure of neuron.

- explains resting potential and conduction of nerve impulse.

- describes synapse and synaptic conduction.

- elaborates on the molecular organization of muscles.

- describes the various events occurring during muscle contraction.

Unit V: Basic Endocrinology

The student

- classifies hormones based on their mode of action

- elaborates hormone action on the basis of receptors

- describes the structure of hypophysis, its secretions and functions

- comments on the role of hypothalamus as the master gland

- describes anatomy of thyroid, parathyroid and pancreas

- describes the chemical nature, synthesis, transport and functions of

hormones secreted by thyroid, parathyroid & pancreas

- comments on the chemical nature, synthesis, transport and function of

the hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla and

gonads (testis & ovary)

*****************

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPALLI-2

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

SEMESTER– III

ALLIED 4(Optional): MICROBIOLOGY – GENERAL

CODE: U14BC3AOT04

Specific outcome of learning

Unit I:

The student

- defines microbiology, virology, bacteriology, phycology, mycology and

protozoology.

- recognizes the important events in the history of microbiology.

- identifies the major contributors to the field of microbiology.

- lists the important investigators & their accomplishments during the

discovery era, transition period, golden age of microbiology & in

20th

century.

- elaborates the main contributions of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch

to the development of microbiology.

- explain Koch’s postulates.

- elaborates the scope of microbiology.

- classifies microorganism based on the Haeckel’s kingdom protista.

- differentiates between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

- describes the Five – Kingdom concept of Whittaker.

- explains Carl Woese three domain concept.

- recognizes the importance of microscope in the microbiological

world briefly describes about Dark field, bright field, Phase contrast

and electron microscopy.

Unit II:

The student

- defines pure culture, bacterial strain, type strain, bacterial species.

- gives the size, shape and arrangement of bacterial cell.

- explains the structure of typical bacterial cell with suitable diagram.

- gives an account on the structure and function of organelles that are

external and internal to the cell wall.

- describes the structure and chemical composition of bacterial cell

wall.

- elaborates the nutritional requirements of bacteria.

- classifies bacteria based on their nutritional requirement.

- differentiates phototrophs, chemotrophs, autotrophs and

heterotrophs.

- gives an account on the physical conditions required for growth.

- classifies culture media on the basis of their application or function.

- identifies bacteria based on their morphological, staining and

cultural characteristics, certain biochemical test.

- draws and explains a typical bacterial growth curve.

- gives an account on bacterial photosynthesis.

- describes asexual and sexual reproductive process in bacteria.

Unit III:

The student

- describes the structure of Mycoplasma and Myxobacteria.

- describes the morphology of Rickettsia and lists the disease caused by it.

- describes the morphology of Chlamydia.

- elucidates the reproductive cycle in Chlamydia.

- classifies the virus based on nucleic acid content (RNA & DNA virus).

- illustrates the structure of TMV.

- elucidates the assembly of TMV.

- defines prions, virions, bacteriophage, eclipse.

- illustrates the structure & reproductive cycle of T4 phage.

- defines lytic & lysogenic cycle.

Unit IV:

The student

- describes the structure and mode of reproduction of Cyanobacteria.

- explains Actinomycetes and its mode of reproduction.

- elaborates on micro algae.

- gives an account of Chlorella, Volvox and Diatoms.

- gives an elaborate account on the structure and reproduction in

Mucor, Penicillium, Yeast and Aspergillus.

- elaborates on the structure and reproduction of Entamoeba,

Plasmodium, Trypanosoma and Paramecium.

Unit V:

The student

- elaborates the major physical agents or processes used for control of

microorganisms like temperature, (autoclave, Hot air oven)

desiccation, osmotic pressure, radiation, filtrations(with principles).

- defines tyndallisation, lyophilization, pasteurization.

- lists the characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial chemical agent.

- defines sterilization, disinfectant, antiseptic, bactericide and

bacteriostatic.

- lists the major groups of chemical antimicrobial agents.

- explains the practical applications and mode of action of phenolic

compounds, alcohols, halogens, heavy metals, dyes, detergents, aldehydes

and gaseous agents.

- defines chemotherapeutic agent & chemotherapy.

- lists characteristics of antibiotics that qualify them as

chemotherapeutic agents.

- elaborates on the mode of action of antibiotics (viz. antibiotics that

affect cell wall synthesis, damage cell membrane, inhibit protein

and nucleic acid synthesis).

- explains the mode of development of resistance to antibiotics.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPALLI-2

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

SEMESTER V

MAJOR CORE 7: INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM

(METABOLIC DISORDERS NOT INCLUDED)

CODE: U14BC5MCT07

Specific Outcome of learning:

Unit I

Metabolism of carbohydrates:

- gives the overview of carbohydrate metabolism.

- describes the metabolic pathway of glycogenesis and glycogenolysis

- explains the reactions of the citric acid cycle,its regulation and

significance

- discusses the amphibolic nature of the citric acid cycle.

- computes the bioenergetics of EM pathway, TCA cycle, EM-TCA

pathway from glucose

- explains the process of gluconeogenesis and its regulation

- describes the HMP shunt pathway and its metabolic significance

- explains the glyoxylate cycle and its relationship to the citric acid

cycle.

- gives the flow chart of uronic acid pathway and the importance of

glucuronic acid

Unit – II

Metabolism of lipids and steroids:

- gives the overview of lipid metabolism

- explain the beta oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with

special reference to carnitine shuttle.

- knows the other types of fatty acid oxidation (alpha, omega and

peroxisomal oxidation)

- explains the synthesis and degradation of phospholipids

- lists the type of phospholipases and their action

- describes the process of ketogenesis and its regulation

- enumerate the steps involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and

explains its regulation

- elaborates on the synthesis and degradation of cholesterol

- mentions the biological importance of derivatives cholesterol

Unit – III

Metabolism of proteins and amino acids

- recognizes the dynamic state of proteins

- classifies aminoacid as glucogenic, ketogenic, essential and

nonessential aminoacids.

- explains Nitrogen balance

- lists the Non-protein nitrogenous substances synthesized from

aminoacids.

- describes oxidative and non-oxidative deamination with example

- explains transdeamination, decarboxylation, deamination, amination.

- explains transmethylation, synthesis of creatine, creatinine formation

and creatinine co –efficient.

- elaborates on the reactions of the urea cycle and its regulation.

- describes the metabolism of phenyl alanine and tyrosine including

syntheis of melanin epinephrine and thyroid harmones.

- describes the metabolism of tryptophan kynurenine anthranilate

pathway and serotonin pathway.

- outlines the metabolism of branched chain aminoacid & sulphur

containing aminoacid.

Unit – IV

Metabolism of Nucleic Acids:

- explains the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines

- explains the pathways for the degradation of purine and pyrimidines

nucleotides.

- relates the varies end products of nitrogen metabolism to the habitat of

the animal

- defines detoxication and recognizes the different endogenous and

exogenous toxic substances.

- elaborates on the transformations involved in detoxication process viz.,

Oxidation, hydrolysis, reduction and conjugation with examples.

Unit - V

Mitochondrial ETS and chloroplast:

The student

- discusses the importance of mitochondria in electron transport and

defines oxidative phosphorylation.

- outlines the importance of electron carriers.

- gives a detailed account on complexes

- elaborates on the coupling of phosphorylation with ATP synthesis

- differentiates uncouplers and inhibitors.

- highlights on various high energy compounds

- discusses the structure of chloroplast

- defines photosynthesis

- elaborates on light absorption by photosystem I and II

- explains the coupling of ATP synthesis to light driven electron flow.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 2

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

SEMESTER V

MAJOR CORE 08: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

CODE:U14BC5MCT08

SPECIFIC OUTCOME OF LEARNING

CELL BIOLOGY

Unit I

The student

- defines cell,

- describes the ultra-structure of the plant and animal cell

- differentiates prokaryotic &eukaryotic cell.

- explains the physical nature of matrix of cytoplasm.

- lists the physical and biological properties of cytoplasm

- explains the ultra-structure of plasma membrane (viz., lamellar,

unitmembrane , miceller, protein crystal, Fluid mosaic models.)

- explain the physiology of plasma membrane viz., permeability, transport

and translocation functions.

- gives a brief account on the introduction to signal transduction and other

functions.

Unit II

Cellular Components:

The student

- describes the morphology of mitochondria.

- describes the structural variations, chemical composition of mitochondria.

- explain the various functions of mitochondria

- describes the morphology of endoplasmic reticulum.

- explains the ultrastructure of endoplasmic reticulum

- differentiates the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum

- elucidates the role of endoplasmic reticulum in the cell.

- describes the morphology and ultra-structure of golgi complex

- lists the functions of golgi bodies

- explains the protein glycosylation in the golgi complex

- describes the structural morphology and chemistry of lysosomes.

- gives the details about polymorphic nature of lysosomes

- lists the functions of lysosomes.

- describes the structure and function of chloroplast

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Unit III

Replication of DNA

- explains nucleic acid as carriers of genetic information

- describes the transformation experiments

- explains Hershey and Chase experiments

- describes the TMV reconstitution experiments

- comments on Central Dogma of molecular genetics and reverse

transcription.

- accounts on organization of DNA into chromosome

- explains the salient features of eukaryotic and viral genome

comments on Cot value, C- value paradox, base composition, base

equivalence, buoyant density.

- explains DNA denaturation, renaturation kinetics, Tm, types of DNA.

- Describes satellite DNA, nucleic acid hybridization.

- explains semi conservative mode of replication – Messelson Stahl

experiments.

- describes the role of DNA Pol-I, II, III and other enzymes.

- comments on replication fork, replisome

- describes replication, rolling circle method

- distinguishes between replicase and reverse transcriptase

- briefs on inhibitors of DNA replication

Unit IV

Transcription

The student

- describes the structure & properties of different class of RNA viz,

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

- comments on the structure & role of RNA polymerase in

transcription

- elaborates on the process of transcription in prokaryotes (initiation,

elongation, termination)

- describes the post transcriptional processing of eukaryotic mRNA,

viz, splicing, capping, polyadenylation.

Translation

The student

- defines translation.

- explains the importance of genetic code

- elaborates on the structure of tRNA.

- describes the structure of prokaryotic ribosome.

- elaborates on the various steps of translation in E.coli

- describes the various factors involved in translation.

- explains coupled transcription and translation in prokaryotes

- describes the post translational processing of proteins in prokaryotes

Unit – V

Gene Regulation and DNA Repair Mechanisms

The student

- explains the concept of gene regulation –positive, negative regulation

and coordinate regulation

- describes the structure and functioning of lac and trp operon

- explains the mechanisms of DNA repair viz., light repair & dark

repair (Excision, recombination and sos repairs ) in E. coli

*******************

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPALLI-2

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

SEMESTER-V

MAJOR CORE 09: IMMUNOLOGY

CODE: U14BC5MCT09

SPECIFIC OUTCOME OF LEARNING

Unit I

The student

- defines immunology, immunity & types of immunity

- describes the various defense barriers of the innate immune wing.

(Anatomic, Physiological, phagocytic and Inflammatory immune

response)

- describes the morphology of the various lymphoid organ(viz., Thymus,

Bone marrow, spleen, lymphnode, GALT-payer’s patch, appendix, BALT-

Tonsils)

- elucidates the development, differentiation, maturation and functions of

cells of the immune system(viz., T, B lymphocytes and macrophage)

- gives a brief account on interleukins and cytokines

Unit II

The student

- defines and explains antigen, hapten, adjuvant.

- differentiates antigenicity and immunogenicity.

- explains the general properties of antigen.

- gives the different types of antigens and antigenic determinants.

- lists the different types of vaccine.

- explains the preparation of vaccines and toxoids.

- elucidates the basic structure of an immunoglobulin.

- classifies the different types of immunoglobulins and their functions.

- explains the genetic basis of antibody diversity.

- lists the characteristic features and functions of complements

- describes the mode of action of complements (viz., classical, alternate and

lectin pathway)

- comments on the regulation of complements

Unit III

The student

- defines acquired immune response.

- differentiates primary and secondary immune responses.

- outline the major events in humoral immunity

(antigen recognition, role of T,B,& macrophages, cell interaction,

antibody production)

- interprets the theory of clonal proliferation

- describes the role of cells in cellular immunity

(viz., Tc cells, Td cells, NK cells and Macrophage)

- describes CTL mediated destruction

- describes ADCC mechanisms

Unit IV

The student

- understands the concept of MHC.

- describes the structure, organization and functions of MHC in man &

mice.

- explains the role of MHC in tissue typing and organ transplantation.

- defines autoimmunity and autoantibody

- describes the mechanisms of induction of autoimmunity.

- classifies the major auto immune diseases

- defines Hypersensitivity and types of allergic reactions

- describes the mechanisms of occurrence of the different types of

hypersensitivity reaction (Type I,II,III,IV)

- defines-antigenic drift, antigen shift, antigen mimicry, antigen masking,

antigen variation.

- describes the immunity to bacterial, parasitic & viral infections.

- elucidates on immunity to tumor

- explains the concept of immune surveillance.

- describes tumor immunotherapy

Unit V

The student

- describes the various antigen-antibody reactions

- defines avidity, affinity and cross-reactivity

- differentiates precipitation and agglutination reactions

- illustrates the different precipitation and agglutination reactions and their

significance in diagnosis

- learns the principle and applications of immunodiffusion (ouchterlony

double immunodiffusion, SRID)

- learns the principle and applications of immunoelectrophoresis(rocket,

counter current etc.), coomb’s test, pregnancy test, widal test etc.

- describes the principle, procedure and application of various

immunological technique(ELISA, RIA, Immunoflourescence, flow

cytometry and FISH techniques, .)

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPALLI-2

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

SEMESTER V

MAJOR ELECTIVE-2: BIOSTATISTICS

CODE: U14BC5MET02

Specific Outcome of Learning:

Unit I

The student

- defines biostatistics.

- defines collection of data.

- recognizes the methods of collecting data.

- explains primary and secondary data.

- defines classification

- illustrates the objectives and types of classification.

- classifies the different types of classifications (based on difference in kind,

quantitative, geographical and chronological).

- defines tabulation.

- gives the objectives and components of tabulation.

- elaborates on the different types of tabulation

(i)simple and complex tables

(ii) general purpose and special purpose tables.

- explains graphical and diagrammatic representation.

- classifies diagrams (viz.)one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-

dimensional diagram, pie diagrams, pictograms and cartograms.

- classifies graphs(viz.) graphs of time series and graphs of frequency

distribution.

- describes the histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curves and ogives

or cumulative frequency curves.

Unit II

The student

- identifies and interprets the measures of central tendency and dispersion.

- defines mean, median and mode and predicts the differences between

them

- interprets the formulae for the calculation of the above and works out the

problems for statistical analysis.

- calculates mean, median, mode for individual, discrete and continuous

series.

- analyses their merits and demerits

- defines and differentiates the measures of dispersion

- interprets the standard error.

- calculates range, mean-deviation and standard deviation for individual,

discrete and continuous series.

- analyses their merits and demerits.

Unit III

The Student

- defines correlation and co-efficient of correlation.

- calculates Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient from the given data.

- differentiates positive and negative correlation

- identifies the use of Spearman’s rank correlation co-efficient.

- calculates Spearman’s correlation co-efficient from the data.

- defines regression.

- obtains the two regression equations.

Unit IV

The Student

- describes the basic idea of significance test.

- elaborates the steps in Tests of Hypothesis.

- explains sampling distribution and standard error.

- describes the tests of significance for attributes.

- elaborates the tests of significance for large and small samples.

- describes the application of the t-distribution.

- defines chi-square test.

- explains characteristics and uses of chi-square test.

- describes the chi-square test for goodness of fit.

- uses chi-square test to assess the correctness of the hypothesis.

- explains the application of computer in statistics.

- classifies Theoretical distributions (viz.) Normal ,Binomial &Poisson

distributions.

- states the characteristics, conditions and constants of Normal and

Binomial distribution.

Unit V

The Student

- defines probability, an event , independent and dependent events,

- explains permutation and combination

- explains the types and measures of probability

- defines ANOVA and its types

- explains the steps involved in ANOVA(one way only)

- explains the concept and applications of SPSS and MATLAB

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HOLYCROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPPALLI - 2

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

SEMESTER – V

NON MAJOR ELECTIVE 1: FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

CODE:U14BC5NMT01

SPECIFIC OUT COME OF LEARNING

Unit – I

The student

- distinguishes between first aid & medical aid

- understands the ABC rule of first aid

- learns the values of first aid training

- understands the priorities of first aid

- understands the procedures of casuality assessment

- learns the general direction for a first aider during problematic

situations (incident management)

- defines first aid

- explains the role of first aider

- explain the general management and care of patient

Unit – II

- explains the causes, signs, symptoms and management of

unconsciousness

- differentiates the symptoms of diabetic coma and over dosage of insulin

- gives the cause and management steps for diabetic complications

- defines heat stroke, heat exhaustion and sun stroke

- explains the signs and symptoms of thermal illness

- learns how to assess and manage the patient during the following

incidents viz., anaphylactic reactions, Asthma and Epilepsy

- defines rule of nine

- mentions the different causes of burns

- demonstrates the steps involved in rescuing and managing a person

caught in fire

Unit – III

- defines wound

- classifies wounds viz, abrasions, incision, contusions, laceration,

punctures, gun shot wounds

- understands the complications of wounds viz., bleeding & infection

- classifies bleeding viz., internal & external bleeding

- explains the aim of first aid & management of major external bleeding

– viz protruding bone in a bleeding wound

- explains the aim & management of first aid given during severe internal

bleeding – viz., skull, scalp, face, eye, ear, nose tooth, palm, abdominal,

crush injury, blast injury, stove in chest & whiplash injury and stab

wound

- lists indirect methods of stopping hemorrhage using pressure points

- learns about the type, signs & symptoms, management of bones

fractures (skull spine, ribs, breast bone, shoulder bone, upper limb,

pelvis, lower limb

- comments on signs symptoms first aid for injuries to muscles & joints

- learns the methods of poisoning

- acquires a basic knowledge on common poisons & first aid to be given

for the same

- learns about the aim and management of snake bite, dog bites, stings of

mites, ticks, bees, wasps.

- differentiates drug misuse, drug abuse, drug dependence

- learns about the effects and first aid to be given for drug abuse using

alcohol, depressants, Hallucinogens, inhalants, narcotics

- understands the various manifestations of cold exposure & the first aid

to be given for the same

- understand the various effects of heat exposure in our body viz., heat

stroke, cramps & exhaustion and the first aid to be given for the same

Unit – IV

- briefs out the points to be considered while reporting an accident

- elaborates how to assess & manage a causality with breathing and

cardiac emergencies

- describes cardiopulmonary resuscitation process, oxygen therapy and

defibrillation

- describes signs, symptoms, causes, management & prevention of

common describes the different types of dressing and bandages

- gastro intestinal illness – Cholera, Diarrhea

- describes the considerations to be taken during altitude increase

Unit – V

- learns about the general tools & contents of a first aid kit

- gains knowledge about first aid rooms and equipment

- briefs out the first aid measures involved in cleaning of wounds