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Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

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Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008
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Page 1: Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

Homework, HW#1 due today

Announcements

Questions?

Tuesday, January 22

Spring 2008

Page 2: Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

The Scientific Method

Scenario: Your phone hasn’t rung in several days, but your friend says s/he

tried calling you.

Task: Come up with a few different hypotheses that would explain why

your phone hasn’t rung and how you would test them.

Page 3: Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

Chapter 2: The Ordered Universe

Newton’s laws of motion and gravity predict the behavior of objects on Earth

and in space.

Page 4: Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

Our (place in the) Galaxy

near infrared map of the Milky Way Galaxy

NGC 7331

(Milky Way’s galaxy

twin)

Rotational speed of solar system 497,000 MPH

Speed of the Milky Way 89,000 MPH

Speed of “Local Group” 1,367,000 MPH

Our speed relative to the universe 65,000 MPH

Estimated Diameter of “Observable Universe” = 78 billion light-years

1 light-year ≈ 5.9 trillion miles

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_sequence

Page 5: Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

Our (place in the) Solar System

orbits of the inner planetsorbits of the planets

relative sizes of the planets

Earth orbital characteristics:

Avg. Distance from Sun 93 million miles

Length of orbital path 574 million miles

Orbital eccentricity 0.017

Avg. orbital speed 66,622 MPH

Rotational speed (equator) 1040 MPH

Axial tilt 23.4°

Page 6: Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

• Observing patterns in nature – application of knowledge

= 500 people50,000 kg

100 kg / person

Stonehenge, ~2800 B.C.

Page 7: Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy: The Heavenly Spheres

Page 8: Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

The Celestial Sphere

Page 9: Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

Ptolemy and the explanation of retrograde motion

Claudius Ptolemaeus (90 – 168 AD)

Retrograde motion: the apparent backward motion of a planet relative to the fixed stars.retrograde

motion (animation)

Page 10: Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

Ptolemy and the explanation of retrograde motion

Ptolemy introduces planetary epicycles: the epicycle is a sphere embedded in the planet’s celestial sphere. Together, these spheres move the planet.

retrograde motion

predicted by epicycles

(animation)

Page 11: Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

Copernicus and the heliocentric system

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 – 1543)

• All planets orbit the sun in perfect circles.

• Earth rotates on an axis through its center.

• Easier to explain retrograde motion.

• Epicycles still utilized.

• Does not provide completely accurate predictions

Copernican

heliocentric theory

Page 12: Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

The heliocentric system and retrograde motion

Page 13: Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

Tycho Brahe’s view on planetary motion

Tycho Brahe (1546 – 1601)

The last great naked-eye astronomer

(telescopes did not exist while he was alive)

Constructed a large quadrant to make highly

accurate measurements of the positions of the planets

and stars

Page 14: Homework, HW#1 due today Announcements Questions? Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008.

Chapter 1 quiz in class on Thursday 01/24

Read pp. 30-40 of Chapter 2 in the textbook for

Thursday 01/24


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