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Volume-7, Issue-6, November-December 2017
International Journal of Engineering and Management Research
Page Number: 30-42
Honey Production and Marketing – Overview
V. Viji Kumar1, Dr. N. Gladstone Joy
2
1Research Scholar, Commerce, Manonmaniyam Sundaranar University, Tamilnadu, INDIA
2Associate Professor, Commerce, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Tamilnadu, INDIA
ABSTRACT In this article we describe the production and
marketing of honey - overview. In past societies, honey was
great importance, particularly for its medicinal purposes.
Today, honey is produced is almost every country of the
world, with 90 per cent being eaten directly as table honey.
The remaining 10 percent is used as an ingredient in a diverse
range of products. Beekeeping is an essential and increasingly
commercial activity the purpose of which to increase revenue
earning capacity. Directly through hive products and,
indirectly through the provision of pollination services. In
this article we describe the production problems and
marketing problems in global level. It is this globalization of
apiculture and the fierce drive of competition that has caused
many of the problems and difficulties that face today
beekeepers.
Keywords-- Marketing, Production, Energy
I. INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Honey production is a traditional industry like
other village industries scientific and modern beekeeping
is of recent origin in India.
Honey production is an ideal activity for
development and subsidiary occupation in agriculture in a
country like India. It provides supplementary income to a
large number of rural hilly and tribal population and also
for horticulturists and agriculture because of rich flora
available in abundance in rural area.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To review the honey industry.
To study the production aspects of honey
To study the Marketing aspects of honey
To find out the problems of productions and
marketing of honey
To offer suggestions for the improvements of
honey industry
REVIEW OF THE STUDY
Review of literature is needed for making a
worthwhile contribution to the field in which the study is
undertaken. Review of related literature is essential to keep
updating the field of research. Knowledge of related
research enables the researcher to define the frontiers of
his field. Through analyzing related research one learns
procedures and instruments have proved useful and which
seem less promising.
The study of related literature places the
researcher in a better position to interpret the significance
of the results obtained by him. Further, review of literature
helps in understanding the nature of the research
investigation and provides evidence that the researcher is
familiar with what has been already known. As the
effective research is based upon the past knowledge a
survey of past literature helps to eliminate the duplication
of what has been already done. A brief resume of various
related literature is presented in this Research.
Raghavan, T.L., in his article, “Honey and its
bounty” points out that honey is the optimum utilization of
available resource for improving the profitability of the
sugar industry. The author deserves accolade for his right
perspective of human problem in industry and success was
due to his own individual personality and leadership
qualities.
Harbert Mace in his article “The Bee Keeper‟s
hand book” Point out that the strength of the colony and
other factors. The greater production of surplus honey
when bees are provided with ready built comb shows that
wax is costly to produce. Even it wax secretion is, as some
think, Quite in voluntary, it is obviously encouraged by
retention of food in the stomach and so long as cells are
ready to receive honey, bees do not retain it long.
Verma, L.R., in his article “Beekeeping in
integrated mountain development,” explains honey has a
tendency to granulate during storage because of its high
glucose content which during prolonged storage undergoes
a process of crystallization. Although, granulation does not
affect the taste, such honey does not affect good price in
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the market because consumers suspect that granulated
honeys have been adulterated with the addition of table
sugar, and sucrose.
Peter S. Singh in his article “computer whiz takes
up beekeeping” points out that computerized scientific and
optimal management of bee colony has helped change the
honey yield and its quality. When he comes up with his
“Expert system” on apiaries which he is currently working
on , it would be the first of its kind”.
Sidhu J.S and G.S. Monder in their article “Honey
the untapped potential”, points out that it will require
stringent efforts on the part of the government to realize
this natural potential. This direction is to create awareness
amongst small and marginal farmers, processors and
consumers regarding benefits of honey production as well
as consumption for this purpose the co ordinate efforts of
all agricultural extension agencies along with media are
needed
Punitha, K., in his research work “ Marketing of
honey in kanyakumari district” points out that in
kanyakumari district with its ever green forest, beekeeping
is a main occupation and its is low cost technology with
high potentials for economic returns. Beekeeping is also
done at the house hold and commercial level to generate
additional income and employment.
Sharma, B.S., and Ramesh Chand in their article,
“Diversification and employment through apiculture”,
points out that the goal of expansion of beekeeping activity
is tenable, when we look at the present level of per capital
consumption of honey in our country. It appears that the
increased production will easily be absorbed by the
domestic demand.
Dr. E. Raja Justus in his articles, “ Bee- keeping
industry in Tamil Nadu” points out that Bee- keeping is a
profitable industry when compared with other village
industries. The Bee- keeping industry in Tamil Nadu is
showing increasing trend as far as employment is
concerned. The value of production of the Bee-keeping
industry in Tamil Nadu is constantly increasing. This is a
good sign of development and growth of the industry”.
Nisha and K.K. Kaushik in their articles, “ Bee-
keeping A case study” points out that Bee-keeping is
considered a labourintersive industry which requires little
capital and is extremely easy to establish. Bee-keeping
besides providing support to visit own industry by
providing secondary product, Bee-keeping is an income
generating activity for tenant farmers, land less people
farm laborers who have no access to land for the purpose
of farming for themselves”
II. HISTORICAL OF HONEY IN INDIA
India is a vast country with varied climates and
ecological conditions ranging from tropical tosub-tropical
in its southern, central and eastern regions, from sub-
operate to temperatealong its north and north west and
semi arid to desert conditions towards the west. The
majorgeographical regions facilitating beekeeping
development are classified into: 1) Southernpeninsular
region; 2) North east region; 3) Indo-Gangetic plains; and
4) Northern hill region.
The geographical position of India and the related
agro-climatic condition favor the growth ofa wide variety
of flora -natural and cultivated. The extensive area of
forest and millions ofacres of cultivated land sustains a
large proportion of insects and honeybees. Due to
diversityin flora, topography and activities of people,
beekeeping and management is diverse.Beekeeping in
India has been adapted to various ecosystems,
socioeconomic profiles andhabitat preferences. India has
four native species of honeybees and has also introduced
exotic specie.
The main harvest of honey is from following
species
Apisceranaor the Asiatic honey bee (or the Eastern
honey bee): Apiscerana beekeeping is practiced in India
since time immemorial. It is a good pollinator, and has
survival capacity due to the co-evolution of native floral
sources, pests and predators accustomed to the same
climatic conditions. Beekeeping with Apisceranais largely
practiced in Southern and Central India.
Apisdorsata (the rock bee or giant bee):
Apisdorsatacontributes a large share of honey production
in India. It is found in foothills of Himalayas and
orthernregionsofthe country. In central India in the forests
and plains large number of Apisdorsatacolonies are present
from which the tribals collect large amount of honey.
TheSunderban forests in West Bengal and Southern part of
India are also rich in Apisdorsata.
Apisflorea (Little bee): It is common in central part of
India, occurs in arid and desertregion of extreme climates,
and also in plains and forests. A large quantity of
Apisfloraehoney is collected from the Kutch area of
Gujarat.
Trigonairridipennis (Dammar bee): It is common in all
parts of the country. It is a verysmall bee and collects
nectar from small flowers. Since the quantity of honey
produced is small, these bees are not commercially used. It
is a very important crop pollinator and the honey has
repute in folk medicine.
Apismellifera (European honey bee or western honey
bee): It is an exotic speciesimported initially to Punjab
from Western Countries and has become popular
amongcommercial beekeepers because of its higher honey
yield. The melliferagraduallyspreads to Himachal, Bihar,
Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and recently to Kerala,
Karnataka and Maharashtra. Currently, largest amount of
honey is produced fromApismellifera.
India can be divided into the following four major
bee species regions.
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Figure No: 1 - Bee species regions
Regions
Bee species
North
Delhi
Uttar Pradesh
Haryana
Punjab
Himachal Pradesh
Uttarakhand
Jammu and Kashmir
APIS MELLIFERA
(The Europen or Italian bee)
APIS CeranaIndica
(The India hive bee)
South
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Kerala
TamilNadu
Pondicherry
Andaman and Nicobar
APIS CeranaIndica
(The Indian hive bee)
East
Bihar and West Bengal
Orissa
Chhattisgarh
Jharkhand
All North Eastern States(8) .
APIS MELLIFERA
APIS CeranaIndica
(The Indian hive bees)
West
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Mahatashtra
Mahya Pradesh
Goa
APIS MELLIFERA
(The European or Italian bee)
APIS CeranaIndica
(The India hive bee)
Data:Secondary data
Production of honey has been the major aim of
the industry. Modern beekeeping also includes production
of bees wax bee collected pollen, bee venom, royal jelly,
propolis has also of package bees, queen bees and nucleus
colonies, All these are possible only with a proper
management of bees utilizing the local plant resources and
adapting to the local climatic conditions modern
beekeeping makes heavy use of bee keeping equipment
and honey processing plant. By the advent of modern
beekeeping in India many new organization have come up
.organization like TNAU, the YMCA, KHADI,
COPERATIVE SOCIETIES, and NGO‟S.
Organizations to promote Apiculture in India:
Khadi and village Industries Commission (KVIC)
Directly Aided Organization
All India Beekeeper‟s Association
Department of Agriculture and colleges
Kvk .krishivigyankendr
YMCA –young Men‟s Christian Association
Honey Co-operative Society
National Bee Board
Private Apicultural Farms.
Major sources of production of honey in India:
The major sources of production of honey in india
are soapnut, coriander, niger, mixed forest flora, mustard,
citrus, litchi, karanj, mustard mixed flora, cashew,
eucalyptus, barseem, sunflower, acasia, sulah, orchard
flora, rubber, coffee, angula, cardmom, coconut,janun,
halda, gela orange, and tamarind.
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Major sources of production of honey in different states
Sl No. State Major sources(Flowers)
1 Andhra Pradesh Soapnut, coriander, Watermelon, niger, tamarind
2 Arunachal Pradesh Mixed forest flora
3 Assam Mustard, Citrus. Mixed flora
4 Goa Cashew nad other plantation mixed
5 Gujarat Mixed cultivated and forest flora
6 Haryana Mustard, eucalyptus, barsseem, sunflower
7 Himalchal Pradesh Acacia, sulah, orchard flora
8 Jammu and Kashmir Acacia, sulah, orchard flora
9 Gujarat Mixed cultivated and forest flora
10 Karnataka Rubber coffee, anagula, mixed forest flora
11 Kerala Rubber,cardamom coconut, forest flora
12 Madhya pradesh Cultivated and forest flora
13 Maharashtra Jamum, Harda, gela Forest flora
14 Manipur Citrus and forest flora
15 Meghalya Orange and forest flora
16 Mizoram Forest flora
17 Nagland Forestt flora
18 Orissa Mustard forest flora
19 Punjab Mustard, eucalyptus, barseem, sunflower
20 Rajasthan Cultivated and forest flora
21 Sikkim Orchard and mixed forest flora
22 Tamilnadu Rubber cardamom, tamarind forest flora, cashew,naval
23 Tripura Rubber and forest flora
24 Bihar Mustard, eucalyptus, barseem, sunflowers
25 Uttar Pradesh Mustard, eucalyptus, barseem,sunflowers
26 West Bengal Mustard, litchi and forest flowers
27 Delhi Cultivated flora
28 Pondichery Cultivated flora
Source: Secondary data - KVIC
III. HONEY PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Beekeeping as a cottage or a village industry has
been promoted in India since the beginning of this century.
Many states governments and Non-government
organizations prepare and execute development
programmers for the development of beekeeping in India.
Honey production in India:
Year IN 000’MT
2001-02 10
2002-03 10
2003-04 10
2004-05 10
2005-06 52
2006-07 51
2007-08 65
2008-09 65
2009-10 65
2010-11 112
2011-2012 84
2012-2013 92
2013-2014 76
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2014-2015 81
2015-2016 89
Source: secondary data: Indian horticulture database 2016
Table 1 shows the production of honey in India
during the period from 2001-2002 to 2015-2016.
In the year 2001 to 2002 honey production was 10
metric tons. It increased to 52 metric tons 2005 to 2007.
This study shows that an increase in honey production was
very little over the years. That is total honey production
increased from 112 metric tons in 2010-2011
Figure: 1 Honey production
Just 4 States-West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab
and Bihar contributed about 61% to the country‟s honey
production in 2015-16.Based on potential of production
the sates categorized under „High Potential‟ are Punjab,
WB, Bihar, Kerala, Karnataka, UP, TN &Uttarakhand. The
National Commission on Agriculture had visualized the
need for deploying about 150 million Bee colonies for
pollinating 12 major agricultural crops in the country.
Presently, 200million Bee colonies are required for
enhancing their yield which will provide employment to
215 lakh persons and produce 10 million tons of honey and
increase in crop production.
IV. HONEY EXPORT AND IMPORT IN
INDIA
Table No: 2 Honey Export and import in India
YEAR
EXPORT(IN
000‟MT) IMPORT(IN 000‟MT)
2000 2 1.2
2001 3 1.1
2002 7 3.4
2003 7 0.2
2004 10 2.6
2005 17 0.5
2006 8 1
2007 12 2.5
2008 16 2.8
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2009 13 1.1
2010 23 2.4
2011 29 0.09
2012 25 1.3
2013 30 0.3
2014 28 0.3
2015 30 0.8
2016 38 0.4
Data –secondary data: Indian horticulture database 2016
The export and import of Indian honey to foreign
countries in the year 2000 to 2016 is given Table: 2.
India is one of the major exporters of honey.
Major destinations included USA, Saudi Arabia, UAE,
Morocco, Bangladesh; Canada etc. In 2015-16 India
exported 38.2 thousand MT of honey valued at ₹ 706
corers.
Secondary data: Indian horticulture database 2016
V. HEALTH BENEFITS IN HONEY
The main uses of honey are in cooking, baking, as
a spread on breads, and as an addition to Various
beverages such as tea and as a sweetener in some
commercial beverages. Honey Can be used as instant
energizer as it contains sugars which are quickly absorbed
by our Digestive system and converted into energy.
In Ayurveda honey is called as "Yogavahi",
substance which has the quality of penetrating the Deepest
tissue. When honey is used with other herbal preparations
it enhances the medicinal Qualities of those preparations
and also helps them to reach the deeper tissues. Honey is
also Used as a medicine because of its antioxidant and
antibacterial properties.
Honey Nutritional value per 100 Gram
Energy 1,272kj(304)Kcal
Carbohydrates 82.4g
Sugars 82.12g
Dietary fiber 0.2g
Fat 0
Protein 0.3g
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Water 17.10g
Vit.B2 0.038mg
Vit.B3 0.121mg
Pantothenic acid (B5) 0.068mg
Vit.B6 0.024mg
Folate(vit B9) 2µg
Vit.C 0.5mg
Calcium 6mg
Iron 0.42mg
Magnesium 2mg
Phosphorus 4mg
Potassium 52mg
Sodium 4mg
Zinc 0.22mg
Source: secondary data- USDA Nutrient database
Problems of honey production
Lack of crop diversification
Less area under horticulture and vegetables
Less area under tree cover
Floral scarcity/ Death period
Wrongly placed colonies in an apiary.
Burning of straw
Use of Chemicals in Agriculture
Lack of awareness regarding pollination
Honey bee diseases, pests and enemies
Lack of management techniques
Bee behavior, hives and beekeeping equipments
Bee forage
Examination of colonies
Bee Nutrition
Queen Rearing
Hive products
Cleaningnes and arrangement of apiaries
Lack of regional research centre.
Non-availability of infrastructure for producing
genetically-superior Queen Bees for supply to
beekeepers
Lack of technical knowledge for efficient
management of bee colonies for higher honey
yield
Insufficient research for disease Management and
control
Non-availability of finance
Failure in creating consumer Awareness about
honey and its products
De-forestation
Indiscriminate uses of insecticides, Pesticides
Global warming and periodic Changes in climatic
conditions.
Weather
Plants as nectar and pollen sources for honey bees
Honey bee health
Knowledge of bee keepers and community
Problems of honey marketing
Demand of consumers
Competition
Lack of awareness of honey
Brand name, Packaging
Lack of bargaining power
Lack of organizational support.
Lack of Transport
Lack of communication possibilities
No product promotions
Lack of Advertisement
Low production
Low product price (honey and honey products)
Poor quality of honey
Lack of skilled between buyers
Poor linkages between buyers
No market information
Lack of agmark( Without Agmark the honey is
not commercially recognized)
Poor market access
Lack of storage facilities
Location problem
Season problem
Intermediate charges
Geography of origin
Quality of management
Legislation, regulations from honey importers
Demand of consumers
Competition.
VI. CHI SQUARE ANALYSIS
The Chi square test shows the association
between one variable with another variable and results in
analyzing a hypothesis. The hypothesis is accepted or
rejected according to its significance level.
The study is based on this result:
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If P value > 0.05 – Not Significant at 5% level
If P value < 0.05 – Significant at 5% level
Totally twenty five variables were taken and five
point scale was used to measure the level of marketing
problems of honey production in Tamil Nadu District. The
master table is prepared with help of micro soft excel and
uploaded to SPSS software for further analysis. The mean
and SD were calculated (Mean 111.35 ; SD 8.377) and the
total score of level of marketing problems of honey is
divided into three categories i.e, low, medium and high.
The total score upto 102.97 were grouped as low level of
marketing problems; the source between 102.98 and
119.72 were grouped as medium level of marketing
problems ; and the total score above 119.72 were grouped
as high level of marketing problems. The range is between
75 and 125. Eighty nine respondents had low level of
marketing problems, four hundred and twenty one
respondents had medium level of marketing problems and
the remaining ninety respondents had high level of
marketing problems.
In order to find out the influence of various
independent variables relating to the sample respondents
such as Age group and the level of problems of honey
marketing these null hypotheses were tested with the help
of Chi – square test and the result of the same is presented
after the concern cross table.
Table No: 1
Age group and the Level of problems of honey marketing in Tamil Nadu
Sl.
No. Age Group
Number of
beekeepers Mean SD
Level of Problems of Honey Marketing
Low Medium High
1 up to 40 years 112
(18.7%) 107.73 9.344
37
(33.0%)
60
(53.6%)
15
(13.4%)
2 41 years to 50
years
291
(48.5%) 110.87 8.764
44
(15.1%)
208
(71.5%)
39
(13.4%)
3 51 years to 60
years
91
(15.2%) 113.25 5.476
2
(2.2%)
78
(85.7%)
11
(12.1%)
4 Above 60 years 106
(17.6%) 114.88 6.314
6
(5.7%)
75
(70.8%) 25
(23.6%)
Total 600 111.35 8.377
89
(14.8%)
421
(70.2%)
90
(15.0%)
Table 1 shows that One hundred and twelve
(18.7%) beekeepers are come under the age group of 31
years to 40 years, two hundred and ninety one (48.5%)
beekeepers are come under the age group of 41 years to 50
years. Ninety one (15.2%) beekeepers are come under the
age group of 51 years to 60 years and the remaining one
hundred and six (17.6%) beekeepers are come under the
age group of above 60 years. Majority (48.5%)
beekeepers are come under the age group of 41 years to 50
years. there are no such beekeepers are there the age group
of upto 30 years. the highest mean score belongs to the
age group of above 60 years and the lowest SD belongs to
the age group of 51 years to 60 years.
Table 1 reveals that the percentage of the low
level of problems of honey marketing in Tamil Nadu is the
lowest (2.2%) among the age group of 51 years to 60
years. At the same time the percentage of the high level
(23.6%) of problems of honey marketing in Tamil Nadu
among the age group of above 60 years. Hence, it can be
inferred that the relationship between the age group of the
beekeepers and the level problems of honey marketing is
not significant.
VII. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
(ANOVA)
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a hypothesis-
testing technique used to test the equality of two or more
population means by examining the variances of samples
that are taken. ANOVA allows one to determine whether
the differences between the samples are simply due to
random error whether there are systematic treatment
effects that cause the mean in one group to differ from the
mean in another.ANOVA is based on comparing the
variance (or variation) between the data samples to
variation within each particular sample. If the between
variation is much larger than the within variation, the
means of different samples will not be equal. If the
between and within variations are approximately the same
size, then there will be no significant difference between
sample means.
HYPOTHESIS
The following are the hypothesis framed by the
researcher to find out the different exists.
H1 : There is no significant variance between the age group
and Honey Demand and Supply of the sample respondents
and the Level of problems of honey production.
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Table: 3
Age group and the Level of problems of honey marketing
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F P- Value
Between Groups 8.701 3 2.900 10.151
0.001
Within Groups 170.297 596 .286
Total 178.998 599
Table 3 the calculated P- value (0.001) is less
than 0.05 at 5% significant level. Therefore null
hypothesis is rejected. It is concluded from the above
analysis that there is significant variance between the age
group of the sample beekeepers and the Level of problems
of honey marketing in Tamil Nadu.
Table: 4
Demand of Honey sales and the Level of problems of honey production
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F P- Value
Between Groups 6.575 2 3.288 11.383
0.001
Within Groups 172.423 597 .289
Total 178.998 599
Table 4 the calculated P- value (0.001) is less
than 0.05 at 5% significant level. Therefore null
hypothesis is rejected. It is concluded from the above
analysis that there is significant variance between the
demand of honey and the level of problems of honey
marketing in Tamil Nadu.
Supply of Honey sales and the Level of problems of honey production
Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F P- Value
Between Groups 5.492 1 5.492 18.927
.000
Within Groups 173.507 598 .290
Total 178.998 599
Table 5 the calculated P- value (0.001) is less
than 0.05 at 5% significant level. Therefore null
hypothesis is rejected. It is concluded from the above
analysis that there is significant variance between the
supply of honey and the level of problems of honey
marketing in Tamil Nadu.
VIII. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES AND
LEVEL OF PROBLEMS HONEY
MARKETING OF THE BEEKEEPERS –
CORRELATION
Karl Pearson‟s coefficient of correlation is
calculated to find out the relationship between socio-
economic variables and level of problems of honey
marketing in Tamil Nadu. The variables are Age group
(X1), Gender (X2), Religion (X3), Educational level (X4),
years of experience (X5), cost (X6), colour of bee (X7),
colour of honey (X8), local market price (X9), Honey
Demand (X10), Honey Supply (X11), organizational support
(X12) and problems in honey marketing (X13) in Tamil
Nadu. The calculated coefficients are tabulated below.
The variable „local market price‟ and „problems
of honey marketing have positive and significant (1%
level) correlation with Age group of the beekeepers. The
variable „Sex‟, „Cost‟, „Colour of bee‟, „Colour of honey‟,
„honey demand‟, „honey supply‟ and „organizational
support‟ have negative significant (1% level) correlation
with Age group of the beekeepers.
The variable „Religion‟, „Educational level‟,
„Cost‟, „Colour of bee‟, „local market price‟, „honey
supply‟ and „organizational supporting‟ have positive and
significant (1% level) correlation with Gender of the
beekeepers. The variable „Years of experience‟, „Colour of
honey‟, „honey demand‟ and „problems of honey
marketing‟ have negative significant (1% level) correlation
with Gender of the beekeepers.
The variable „Educational level‟, „years of
experience‟, ‟Cost‟, „Local market price‟ and „Supply‟
have positive and significant (1% level) correlation with
Religion of the beekeepers. The variable „Colour of bee‟,
„Colour of honey‟, „Honey demand‟ and „organisational
support‟ have negative significant (1% level) correlation
with Religion of the beekeepers.
The variable „years of experience‟, „cost‟, „Local
market price‟ and „honey supply‟ have positive and
significant (1% level) correlation with Educational Level
of the beekeepers. The variable „Colour of bee‟, „Colour of
honey‟, „demand‟ and „problems of honey marketing‟
have negative significant (1% level) correlation with
Educational level of the beekeepers.
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The variable „Local market price‟ and „honey
supply‟ have positive and significant (1% level) correlation
with Years of experience of the beekeepers. The variable
„Cost‟, „Colour of bee‟, „Colour of honey‟ and
„organisational support‟ have negative significant (1%
level) correlation with Years of experience of the
beekeepers.
The variable „Colour of bee‟, „Colour of honey‟,
„Honey Supply‟ and „Organizational support‟ have
positive and significant (1% level) correlation with Cost of
the beekeepers. The variable „Local market price‟ and
„Problems of honey marketing‟ have negative significant
(1% level) correlation with Cost of the beekeepers.
The variable „Colour of honey‟, „Honey demand‟
and „Organisational Support‟ have positive and significant
(1% level) correlation with Colour of Bee of the
beekeepers. The variable „Local market price‟ and
„Problems of honey marketing‟ have negative significant
(1% level) correlation with Colour of Bee of the
beekeepers.
The variable „Honey demand and „organizational
support‟ have positive and significant (1% level)
correlation with Colour of Honey of the beekeepers. The
variable „Local market price‟, „Honey supply‟(1% level)
and „problems of honey marketing‟ (5% level) have
negative significant correlation with Colour of Honey of
the beekeepers.
The variable „Honey supply‟ and „problems of
honey marketing‟ have positive and significant (1% level)
correlation with Local marketing Price of the beekeepers.
The variable „Local market price‟, „Honey demand‟ and
„Organizational support‟ have negative significant (1%
level) correlation with Local market price of the
beekeepers.
The variable „Organizational Support‟ has
positive and significant (1% level) correlation with Honey
Demand of the beekeepers.
The variable „Organizational Support‟ has
positive and significant (1% level) correlation with Honey
Supply of the beekeepers. The variable „Honey demand‟
and „Organisational support‟ have negative significant (1%
level) correlation with Honey Supply of the beekeepers.
The variable „Problems of Honey marketing‟ has
negative significant (1% level) correlation with
Organisational Support of the beekeepers.
Table No : 6 Karl Pearson‟s coefficient of correlation
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13
X1
Pearson Correlation 1
Sig. (2-tailed)
N 600
X2
Pearson Correlation -.196**
1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 600 600
X3
Pearson Correlation -.005 .624**
1
Sig. (2-tailed) .902 .000
N 600 600 600
X4
Pearson Correlation .050 .660**
.634**
1
Sig. (2-tailed) .218 .000 .000
N 600 600 600 600
X5
Pearson Correlation -.049 -.090* .434
**
.115*
*
1
Sig. (2-tailed) .227 .027 .000 .005
N 600 600 600 600 600
X6
Pearson Correlation -.258**
.682**
.406**
.264
*
*
-
.302*
*
1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 600 600 600 600 600 600
X7
Pearson Correlation -.581**
.176**
-.240**
-
.100*
-
.517*
*
.531*
*
1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .014 .000 .000
N 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
X8 Pearson Correlation -.281**
-
.204**
-.389
**
-
.462*
*
-
.217*
*
.193*
*
.617**
1
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Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
X9
Pearson Correlation .411**
.190**
.506**
.490
*
*
.140*
*
-
.087*
-
.568**
-
.490**
1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .001 .034 .000 .000
N 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
X10
Pearson Correlation -.435**
-
.214**
-.334
**
-
.346*
*
.066 -.011 .592**
.766**
-
.739**
1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .107 .784 .000 .000 .000
N 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
X11
Pearson Correlation -.261**
.778**
.748**
.535
*
*
.327*
*
.581*
*
.049 -
.231**
.141**
-.069 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .230 .000 .001 .092
N 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
X12
Pearson Correlation -.421**
.333**
-.172**
.027 -
.467*
*
.659*
*
.834**
.398**
-
.670**
.451*
*
.195*
*
1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .517 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
X13
Pearson Correlation .272**
-
.169**
-.057
-
.091* -.048
-
.175*
*
-
.152**
-
.091*
.131**
-
.141*
*
-
.177*
*
-
.205**
1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .161 .026 .237 .000 .000 .025 .001 .001 .000 .000
N 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
From the Table 6 it is concluded that that the
variable „Local market Price‟ with high degree of positive
correlation with age group of the beekeepers at 1% level
of significance. The variable „Honey Supply‟ with high
degree of positive correlation with Gender of the
beekeepers at 1% level of significance. The variable
„Honey Supply‟ with high degree of positive correlation
with Religion of the beekeepers at 1% level of
significance. The variable „Honey Supply‟ with high
degree of positive correlation with Educational level of
the beekeepers at 1% level of significance.
The variable „Honey Supply‟ with high degree of
positive correlation with years of experience of the
beekeepers at 1% level of significance. The variable
„Organizational Support‟ with high degree of positive
correlation with Cost of the beekeepers at 1% level of
significance. The variable „Organizational Support‟ with
high degree of positive correlation with Colour of bee of
the beekeepers at 1% level of significance.
The variable „Honey demand‟ with high degree
of positive correlation with Colour of honey of the
beekeepers at 1% level of significance. The variable
„Honey supply‟ with high degree of positive correlation
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with Local market price of the beekeepers at 1% level of
significance. The variable „Organizational support‟ with
high degree of positive correlation with Honey demand
price of the beekeepers at 1% level of significance. The
variable „Organizational support‟ with high degree of
positive correlation with Honey Supply price of the
beekeepers at 1% level of significance.
IX. FINDINGS
Majority (48.5%) beekeepers are come under the
age group of 41 years to 50 years. Majority
(68.5%) beekeepers are male. Majority (54.2%)
of the respondents are belongs to Christian.
Majority (95.3%) of the beekeepers getting sales
revenue through honey sales. Majority (58.8%) of
the beekeepers‟ seasons of the year is main
Factors that govern the price of the honey.
Majority (41.5%) of the beekeepers said that the
local market price of the honey is high.
Majority (94.7%) beekeepers are producing only
honey. Majority (52.3%) beekeepers are having
grey colour honey bee. Majority (45.5%)
beekeepers are producing yellow colour honey.
All the beekeepers are using honey as a food.
Majority (95.3%) beekeepers are market their
honey to earn money. Majority (66.5%) of the
beekeepers are selling through bee-keepers to-
operative. Majority (38.5%) of the beekeepers
selling the honey between Rs. 301 and Rs. 400
per kg.
Majority (61.3%) of the beekeepers said that the
honey price trend is stable. Majority (77.8%) of
the beekeepers said that the market force is main
reason for price fixing of the honey. Majority
(55.0%) of the beekeepers are selling honey near
by market place.
Majority (40.7%) of the beekeepers said that the
honey market demand is medium. All the six
hundred beekeepers are using bottles for
packages. Majority (99.3%) of the beekeepers are
having profit in their business..
The age group, religion, educational level, honey
production experience, cost of honey production,
source of capital of honey production, Honey bee
flower, price trend had significantly influence the
level of problems of honey production at 5%
level.
The gender, family members, family members,
sales revenue, supply of honey are not
significantly influence the level of problems of
honey production at 5% level.
The age group, gender, production experience,
marketing price range, honey price fixing, honey
price fixing, honey demand, honey supply are
significantly influence the level of problems of
honey marketing.
The religion, family members, price trend, honey
supply are not significantly influence the level of
problems of honey marketing
X. SUGGESTIONS
Government has arranged honey loan
Reduce the Tax
Go down and storage facilities should be provide
Government has arranged for honey research
centers.
To provide self-employment to beekeepers
To undertake research, and training&
development activities
To provide healthy bee colonies and equipments
at reasonable rates
Purchases of honey, wax and by product at
guaranteed rates
XI. CONCLUSION
Honey production and marketing has sprung forth
as one of the most important agro based industry that helps
to increase the crop yield manifold. The peculiarities of
theis agrobased industry are that it does not require any
raw material from the artisan like other industries. The raw
materials are in the form of nectar and pollen from flowers
which is freely available in nature. Beekeeping can be
started by anyone who takes a keen interest may be skilled,
unskilled having their own land or not. A technology that
is simple, easily accessible and at the same time
demanding the least capital investment, is suitable to this
type of honey industry. Beekeeping may even be started
with a single colony which can be increased to thousands
of them. It can provide unemployed and under employed
persons with full employment and extra income. There is
need to boost apiculture to boost crop productivity. The
untapped potential of beekeeping is yet to be exploited for
increasing opportunities, for gainful employment and
income in the rural areas.
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