WWII TO VIETNAM

Honors Foreign Policy

End of WWII U.S.

Heightened Industrial CapacityU.S. Economy Strengthened by WarMilitary forces in W. Europe and East

AsiaRapid demobilization of military and

cuts in defense spendingNo policy to deal with Soviet

Aggression

End of WWII Soviet Union

Military forces in Eastern Europe and Korea

Parts of Russia destroyed Installation of communist

governments in Eastern EuropeRising Soviet influence in Middle East

and Asia

Why did Stalin distrust the U.S.?

Formation of United Nations

Founded in 1945, to replace League of Nations To maintain international peace and

security To take effective collective measures for

the prevention and removal of threats to the peace

To develop friendly relations among nations

Truman Doctrine (1947)

The U.S. could survive only in a world in which freedom flourished

Provided military and economic aid to countries threatened by communist aggression

U.S. appropriated $400 million for economic aid and military supplies for Turkey and Greece

Containment

George Kennan formulated the policy of containment

A long term policy to counter Soviet aggression

The U.S. must make it difficult for the Soviet Union to expand its power through diplomatic, economic, and military means

The U.S. is more favorably positioned for a long term struggle because it controls more centers of industry

National Security Act

Iron Curtain Europe

Trade and Economics

Bretton Woods System

Promoted liberal economic system in the world based on open markets

Created two institutions to promote economic growth among market economies

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)

International Monetary Fund (IMF), governs currency exchanges and provides credits for short-term currency crises

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

Marshall Plan

European Union

European Union

European Union

Political Organizations

NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

North Atlantic Treaty Organization founded in 1949

Organization to promote collective self defense

Signatories included U.S., Canada, and most of Western Europe

Soviet Union responded with Warsaw Pact comprised of the Soviet Union and 7 satellite states in Eastern Europe

World Events

Berlin Blockade

Berlin Blockade

Berlin Blockade

Chinese Revolution

In 1949, Chinese communist forces under Mao Zedong take control of China after a long civil war

Nationalist forces under Chiang Kai Shek retreat to Taiwan and call it the Republic of China

U.S. recognizes the Republic of China as the legitimate government of China

Mao and Stalin grow to distrust each other

Chinese Revolution

Korean War

Korean War

Korean War

Decolonization and Conflict

Domino Theory

Third World Conflicts

Third World Conflicts

Iran

Iranian Coup was the overthrow of the democratically elected government of Iran in 1953

Government of the United States and United Kingdom engineered the coup with help of CIA

Prime Minister Mosaddegh was replaced by U.S. backed Shah

Mosaddegh wanted to nationalize the oil industry

Congo

Independent from Belgium in 1960Patrice Lumumba first Prime MinisterSoon after independence civil war breaks

outBelgium and U.S. support opposition parties

because they believe Lumumba will ally with Soviet Union

Belgium supports arrest and assassination of Lumumba with U.S. knowledge

Cuba

Cuban Revolution by Fidel Castro 1959Overthrew U.S. supported Batista

regimeTurned to Soviet Union for support

Bay of PigsApril 1961, U.S. supported and

trained Cuban exiles invade CubaThey are defeated in 3 days

Cuba

Cuban Missile CrisisOctober 1962, U.S. discovers Soviet

Union is building missile bases in Cuba for 70 short and intermediate range ballistic missiles that carry nuclear warheads

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis

Nuclear Deterrence

Supported by Eisenhower and John Foster Dulles

The U.S. would not use nuclear weapons first, they would only use them to retaliate

Nuclear weapons used to deter Soviet attackNuclear weapons could replace more

expensive conventional forces that cost more to train and maintain

Nuclear forces deployed in “triad”, ground, aircraft, and submarines

Truman Administration

Eisenhower Administration

Kennedy Administration