Hoover as PresidentHoover as President

Mr. Brink12.3

United States History

President Herbert HooverPresident Herbert Hoover

• Relied on “rugged individualism” and cooperation rather than government interference.

• Volunteerism– Wanted Americans to

voluntarily join forces

• 1930: Signs the Smoot-Hawley Tariff – destroys global trade.

Associative StateAssociative State

• Partnership between business and government

Voluntary Cooperation1. Cooperatives-designed to help the farmers.

• Hoover was increasingly unpopular, but he continued to try... he persuaded Congress to establish the RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION

• had power to make emergency loans to banks

• but it was too little too late…

• and Hoover wouldn't involve himself in any programs of direct gov'tal aid to individuals -didn't want to erode Americans sense of "RUGGED INDIVIDUALISM"

Movie Clip QuestionsMovie Clip QuestionsWhy was Hoover famous/popular before becoming President?

Organized Belgium Relief

What cabinet position did Hoover hold under Harding and Coolidge? Secretary of Commerce

How did Hoover hope to solve the Depression? He wanted companies to engage in___________Volunteerism

Movie Questions (Cont.)Movie Questions (Cont.)

What was a “Hoover Hotel”? A Shanty House/cardboard

What was a “Hooverville”? A town of Hoover Hotels

What was a “Hoover Flag”?Empty Pockets Turned Out

What was the “Bonus Army”?World War 1 Veterans who marched on Washington wantingMoney that was promised to them early.

HoovervillesHoovervilles

• people were frustrated - isolated protest movements

• EX: Dairy farmers frustrated w/low price of milk refuse to sell (dump it)

• EX: WW1 veterans (pensions discontinued by congress) march on Washington = BONUS MARCH (by BONUS ARMY)

• they reached Washington by 1931, set up shantytowns = HOOVERVILLES (food scraps = HOOVER-MEALS, hitchhiking journeys = HOOVER RIDES)

• after one year they were forcibly dispersed by the Army (MacArthur/Eisenhower)

The Bonus MarchThe Bonus March

Hoover’s Fate is Sealed

The Election of 1932The Election of 1932

• 1932 ELECTION• 1 out of 4 was

unemployed…• nat'l income was

50% of what it had been in 1929

• Repubs. nominated Hoover no hope

• winner by a landslide = FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT (Dem - N.Y. governor)