1

INTRODUCTION TO BRYOPHYTES

Joannes A. Janssens• HORNWORTS• LIVERWORTS• MOSSES

2HORNWORTS

3

LIVERWORTS

4MOSSES

5

STREPTOPHYTE EVOLUTIONorigin of embryophytes

(Charophyceae)

Anthocerotophyta

Polysporangiophyta

Bryophyta

Marchantiophyta

flavonoidsloss of pyrenoid

jacketsmulticellular sporophyte

calyptraestalked gametangia

loss of columella and stomataseta reduction

•vascular tissue•branched sporophyte•isomorphic phases•stoma

?

?

?

6

The Life Cycle of Bryophytes• bryophytes are diplohaplontic plants with

a heteromorphic alternation of generations

• within the sporangium spores are formed by meiosis

• protonema and gametophores develop after germination

• antheridia and archegonia produce spermand eggs

• after fertilization a new, attached sporophyte is formed

7

spor

gam

Anthocerotopsida

sporspor

gam gam

Bryopsida

9

gam

sporSphagnopsida

10

spor

gamJungermanniopsida

11

gam

sporMarchantiopsida

12

spores

13

caulonema

14

protonema

and

sporeling

15

antheridia

16archegonia

17

young sporophyte

18sporophytes

stem

leaf

rhizoids

20

lamina

margin, border

apiculus

decurrentleaf bases

costa

basic moss leaf

21

The End

22

23