Horst Bohner, OMAFRA

Mike Staton, Michigan State University

Top Ten Soybean Tips

2016 ILeVO trial locations

1) Seed Treatments are effective (field specific)

Complete seed treatments with and without ILeVO were compared at 7 locations in 2016.

All of the sites had a history of sudden death syndrome (SDS).

Despite this, the foliar expression of SDS symptoms was very low at all sites in 2016.

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) soil samples were collected after planting and again prior to harvest.

SCN soil samples were taken from the same locations for both sampling dates.

ILeVO seed treatment trials

*5.0 *4.9

2.7 2.62

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St. Joseph 3 Cass 2 St. Joseph 1 Cass 1 Allegan 1 St. Joseph 2 Allegan 2 2016Average

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2016 breakeven yield increase (1.4 bu/ac)

* The yield difference was statistically significant at these locations

Yield difference produced by ILeVO seed treatment

ILeVO seed treatment increased soybean yields by 5 bushels per acre at two of the seven locations.

When all the locations were combined, ILeVO increased soybean yields by 2.8 bushels per acre and income by $14 per acre.

The effect of ILeVO on SCN reproduction was mixed. SCN reproduction in the ILeVO treatment was lower than the control at three sites but higher than the control at two others.

ILeVO seed treatment trials

2) Row Width still Matters

Bu/ac 1) 30 no-till (130 000) 65.3 2) 30 managed (130 000) 69.8 3) 30 managed (170 000) 69.4 4) 15 no-till (170 000) 69.5 5) 15 managed (170 000) 69.9

Managed = 180 lbs/ac MESZ and 6-24-24 (2X2), 3 gallons 6-24-6 IF, spring strip tillage, foliar fungicide and feeding. Elora 2016, P = 10 ppm, K = 96 ppm

Closing the Yield Gap

Bu/ac 1) 30 no-till (130 000) 62.0 2) 30 managed (130 000) 63.5 3) 30 managed (170 000) 64.9 4) 15 no-till (170 000) 65.4 5) 15 managed (170 000) 67.0

Managed = 180 lbs/ac MESZ and 6-24-24 (2X2), 3 gallons 6-24-6 IF, spring strip tillage, foliar fungicide and feeding. Lucan 2016, P = 14 ppm, K = 109 ppm

Closing the Yield Gap

Wide rows are not a good choice if rows do not fill by R3

2015 and 2016 Planting rate trial locations

2015 2016

3) Seeding Rate Should be Field Specific

s

Producers across Michigan asked us to evaluate the effect of low planting rates on soybean yield and income.

Four planting rates were compared at 11 locations in 2015 and 11 locations in 2016. 80,000 seeds per acre 100,000 seeds per acre 130,000 seeds per acre 160,000 seeds per acre

Planting rate trial

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Planting rate effects on soybean yield and income in 2015

Yield Income

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)Planting rate effects on soybean yield and

income in 2016

Yield Income

---------- Target Planting Rate (seeds/ac) ------------ Location 80,000 100,000 130,000 160,000 LSD0.10

------------------ Yield (bushels/ac) ----------------- Cass 1 48.9 c 51.1 bc 53.3 ab 54.5 a 2.4 St. Joseph 63.8 63.9 64.0 64.7 1.1 Tuscola 60.1 ab 60.1 ab 61.5 a 59.1 b 2.2 Sanilac 1 52.7 56.2 54.2 53.0 5.1 Sanilac 2 63.2 a 61.1 b 59.8 b 57.9 c 1.7 Berrien 72.1 b 75.0 ab 74.5 ab 75.9 a 3.7 Cass 2 72.0 73.1 71.6 72.4 1.6 Monroe 38.9 b 47.3 ab 45.6 ab 49.8 a 9.7 Ingham 46.5 46.3 45.6 47.6 5.6 Sanilac 3 -- 62.4 a 59.8 b 58.8 c 1.0 Fairgrove 65.8 66.9 69.0 66.6 4.0 Average Yield 58.4 b 60.1 a 59.9 a 60.2 a 1.4

--------------------- Income ($/ac) -------------------- Average Income $500 $507 $492 $482

Effect of planting rates on soybean yield and income in 2015

Final stand loss was 5 to 8% higher in 2016 than in 2015.

When the 2015 and 2016 sites were combined, the highest three planting rates produced similar yields and they yielded about 2 bushels per acre more than the 80,000 planting rate.

The highest planting rate was less profitable than the other three planting rates in 2015 and 2016.

Planting rate trial

y = 0.5319x - 10.41

4) Variety Selection is Key

y = 1.125x - 86.232

Bu/ac 1) 15 no-till (Variety A) 69.5 2) 30 managed (Variety A) 69.8 3) 15 no-till (Variety B) 75.7 4) 30 managed (Variety B) 74.7 5) 15 no-till (Variety C) 81.8 6) 30 managed (Variety C) 81.5

Good Variety Choice Equals Profit

Managed = 180 lbs/ac MESZ and 6-24-24 (2X2), 3 gallons 6-24-6 IF, spring strip tillage, foliar fungicide and feeding. Elora 2016, P = 10 ppm, K = 96 ppm

Row Width and Variety Summary 30 rows yield 2 4 bu/ac less Yield lag can be won back with management 15 rows and 30 rows respond equally to

inputs on average 30 rows make sense in fields with white

mould and other specific situations Variety selection is the most important

management decision there is!

2016 Prescription foliar fertilizer trial locations

5) Foliar Feeding results are mixed

Field-specific prescription foliar fertilizer mixtures were compared to an unfertilized control at nine locations in 2016.

Composite soil samples were collected from the trial area in the spring of 2016 and sent to Midwest Labs for testing.

The field-specific prescription foliar fertilizer mixtures were developed by AgroLiquid and based on soil test nutrient levels.

AgroLiquid also determined the application timing: V4 for row spacing of 15 or less and R1 where row spacing was greater that 15.

Prescription foliar fertilizer trial

Location Foliar fertilizer products and application rates Fertilizer

cost $/ac

Cass 1.5 gal/ac of fertiRain, and 1 qt/acre of Manganese $19.10 Ionia 1.5 gal/ac of fertiRain, 2 qt/acre of Manganese, and 2 qt/ac of LiberateCa $28.70 Gratiot 1.5 gal/ac of fertiRain, and 1 qt/acre of Manganese $19.10 St. Joseph 1.5 gal/ac of fertiRain, and 1 qt/acre of Manganese $19.10 Van Buren 1.5 gal/ac of fertiRain, 1 qt/acre of Manganese, and 1 qt/ac of LiberateCa $19.50 Lenawee 2 1.5 gal/ac of fertiRain, 2 qt/acre of Manganese, and 2 qt/ac of LiberateCa $28.70 Monroe 1.5 gal/ac of fertiRain, 2 qt/acre of Manganese, and 1 qt/ac of LiberateCa $20.80 Lenawee 1 1 gal/ac of fertiRain, 1 gal/ac of Sure-K, and 2 qt/acre of Manganese $21.40 Sanilac 1.5 gal/ac of fertiRain, and 1 qt/acre of Manganese $19.10

Prescription foliar fertilizer products, application rates and costs for each location

Analyses of the foliar fertilizer products are listed below: fertiRain: 12-3-3 plus 1.5% S, 0.10% Fe, 0.05% Mn, and 0.10% Zn LiberateCa: 3% calcium from calcium sulfate Manganese: 4% manganese from manganese sulfate Sure-K: 2-1-6

*1.5 *1.41.2 0.8 0.5 0.1

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Lowest breakeven yield increase for all sites (2.1 bu/ac)

* The yield difference was statistically significant at these locations

Yield difference produced by a single application of a prescription foliar fertilizer in 2016

The prescription foliar fertilizer treatment increased soybean yields at two of nine locations in 2016.

However, the yield increases were not large enough to cover the cost of the foliar fertilizer ($19.10 to $28.70 per acre).

The lack of a profitable response to foliar fertilization is most likely due to the medium to high soil test levels for many of the nutrients in the trials.

However, soil test levels for sulfur were low at 3 sites and manganese was very low to low at 8 sites.

Prescription foliar fertilizer trial

171.8 bu/ac Randy Dowdy

6) Good Fertility is Essential

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=new+world+record+soybean+holder&view=detailv2&qpvt=new+world+record+soybean+holder&id=77C229B49820616AD2B623D0F26DACFE1AA0F45B&selectedIndex=2&ccid=zv41NCyE&simid=607999054904758223&thid=OIP.Mcefe35342c84622dafa324296d2b0ad7o0

Bu/ac 1) Check 64 2) MESZ (375 lbs/ac) 72 3) MESZ (375 lbs/ac + 70 333 lbs/ac potash)

Mega Fertilizer

Bornholm 2016, P = 17, K = 98

Bu/ac 1) Check 64 2) MESZ (375 lbs/ac) 72 3) MESZ (375 lbs/ac + 70 333 lbs/ac potash) 4) Trt. 2+3+ N (150 lbs/ac) 70

Mega Fertilizer

Bornholm 2016, P = 17, K = 98

Starter (per ac) Background treatment

Low P Low K

bu/ac

No starter 53c

6-24-6 in-furrow 55b

MAP @ 100 lbs (2x2) 55b

0-0-60 @ 80 lbs (2x2) 54b

6-28-28 @ 90-180 lbs (2x2) 57a

Soybean yield response to background fertility and starter fertilizer Average across 17 site-years

Mean separation within column statistically significant at P=0.05 @cropdoc2 #SWAC17

Starter (per ac) Background treatment

Low P Low K

Built P Built K

bu/ac

No starter 53c 60a

6-24-6 in-furrow 55b 61a

MAP @ 100 lbs (2x2) 55b 61a

0-0-60 @ 80 lbs (2x2) 54b 60a

6-28-28 @ 90-180 lbs (2x2) 57a 61a

Soybean yield response to background fertility and starter fertilizer Average across 17 site-years

Mean separation within column statistically significant at P=0.05 @cropdoc2 #SWAC17

Starter (per ac) Background treatment

Low P Low K

Built P Low K

Low P Built K

Built P Built K

bu/ac

No starter 53c 55b 55c 60a

6-24-6 in-furrow 55b 56b 56b 61a

MAP @ 100 lbs (2x2) 55b 56b 58a 61a

0-0-60 @ 80 lbs (2x2) 54b 58a 54c 60a

6-28-28 @ 90-180 lbs (2x2) 57a 59a 58a 61a

Soybean yield response to background fertility and starter fertilizer Average across 17 site-years

Mean separation within column statistically significant at P=0.05 @cropdoc2 #SWAC17

Fertility Summary

Fertility is KEY to high yields!!! Soil health includes good fertility But its not as simple as applying high rates

of fertilizer Building soil test values to a reasonable level

provides more consistent and higher yields Low soil tests reduces yield by 4 8 bu/ac

2016 Field rolling trial locations

7) Rolling after Emergence is an Option

Seven field rolling trials were conducted in 2016 Producers were encouraged to roll their fields at the

growth stages that best fit their operations. Pre-emergence First trifoliate (V1) Second trifoliate (V2) Third trifoliate (V3)

An unrolled control was included at six sites Final stand counts were taken at four of the seven sites

Field rolling trials

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Bay Lenawee Tuscola Monroe 3 2016 Average

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2016 breakeven yield increase (0.9 bu/ac)

* The yield difference was statistically significant at this location

Yield difference produced by field rolling at V1

Field rolling at V1 improved soybean yields over the unrolled control at one of the four locations.

When all four sites were combined, field rolling increased yields by 1.6 bushels per acre and income by $6.00 per acre.

Field rolling at V2 and V3 did not improve soybean yields over the unrolled control.

Final plant stands were not affected by field rolling at V1.

Field rolling trials

8) Fungicides

Fungicide application window may extend to R4 many years

Bu/ac Adv. 1) Untreated 54.4 2) Priaxor (R2) 58.8 4.4 3) Priaxor (R4) 59.9 5.5 4) Stratego Pro (R2) 60.5 6.1 4) Allegro (R2) 58.6 4.2 5) Acapela (R2) 59.8 5.5 6) Allegro (R2) + 61.3 6.9 Acapela (R3)

2016 Bornholm and Elora , 3 replications

9) Early Planting = 4+ bu/ac

2010-2012 Planting Date Trials

April

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thurs Fri Sat

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Early Planting Target

Normal Planting Target

Late Planting Target

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Adapted CruiserMaxx planted inthe 'Normal' Window

Full Season CruiserMaxx plantedin the 'Early' Window

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2010-2012 (22 Sites)

Soybean Planting Date

Source: 2010 - 2012 TD and OMAFRA field trials, Eastern Canada * treatment yield differences are significant at P=0.05 LSD = 3.05bu/ac

A

B

4.1 bu/ac increase in yield when planting a long season variety (1 MG longer) early, compared to an adapted variety planted normal (mid-May)

Adapted vty planted in Normal Window

Long vty planted in Early Window

10) Residue must be managed

Residue Removed

Heavy Residue

Thank you. Any QUESTIONS?

horst.bohner@ontario.ca

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