Date post: | 31-Mar-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | maverick-farthing |
View: | 233 times |
Download: | 5 times |
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Fruit Morphology and Development
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Fruit develops from the flowers
Flower parts - Perfect flower
Gynoecium (set of carpels)
Androecium (set of stamens)Corolla (group of
petals)
Calyx (group of sepals)
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Fruit develops from the flowers
Flower parts - Imperfect flower
MaleFemale
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Flower typesFloral parts arrangements
Attachment of floral parts
Position of ovary
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Fruit ClassificationSeed-bearing structure derived from a flower
Fleshy fruit Berry Drupe Pome Pepo
Dry fruit Dehiscent - splits
when ripe Indehiscent - one
carpel
Aggregate fruitMultiple fruit
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Fleshy fruit: BerriesOne pistil (carpel) One or many seed
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Fleshy fruit: DrupesOne seededSeed within stony endocarp
Peach, plum, apricot, cherry Skin = exocarp Eat mesocarp
Pit = endocarp
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Fleshy fruit: DrupesOne seededSeed within stony endocarp
Almond Mesocarp dries and separates Endocarp is hard to soft Eat seed
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Fleshy fruit: PomesLeathery carpelsEdible portion is receptacle
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Fleshy fruit: PeposInferior flower, > 1 carpelReceptacle surrounds pericarp to form rind
Watermelon Cucumber Squash Pumpkin
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Dry fruit: DehiscentSplit open when ripe
Beans Peas
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Dry fruit: IndehiscentSingle carpelDoes not split when ripe
Achene One seeded, free from pericarp Strawberry, sunflower
Nut Similar to achene Enclosed by pericarp (leathery in chestnut, woody in
walnut) Husk (shuck) is fusion of sepals, bracts, bracteoles.
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Aggregate FruitMany ovulesOne flower
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Multiple fruitMany flowersAlong a common axis or inflorescence
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Fruit development: Definitions
Maturation Process of development Leads to maturity = ability to ripen properly
Ripening Following step in fruit development Mature fruit becomes fully edible
Senescence Final step in fruit development Deterioration Leads to death
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Fruit Growth PatternSigmoid pattern: Pomes, pecans, strawberry
Slow Rapid, cell division and expansion Slow, leveling off of growth
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Fruit Growth PatternDouble sigmoid: Peach, plum, cherry
Slow Rapid, cell division Slow, pit hardening Rapid, cell expansion Slow
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Fruit Growth PatternDouble Sigmoid
Late and early ripening peaches differ in length of STAGE II
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Fruit Size
Fruit size is inversely proportional to fruit number
Fruit number per tree
020406080
100120140160180200
0 200 400 600
Fruitsize
(grams)
This is why fruit is thinned.
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
What you should learn from this lab
Where a fruit comes from Flower types Fruit classification Basic fruit morphology Fruit development
Terminology Fruit growth patterns Effect of seed number Effect of thinning
ID of fruits and their seed
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Laboratory Procedure
Fruit displays Drupes/Stone fruit - 2 Pome fruit - 2 Berries Nuts Multiple/aggregate fruit
Pit and seed display Thinned vs. Unthinned
Mount pressed leaves in book
HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production
Laboratory Procedure Answer work sheets
Drupes/Stone fruit - 5 pts Pome fruit - 5 pts Misc. Fruit/Seed - 10 pts Thinned vs. Unthinned - 5 pts
Fruit Development Exercise on Homepage (15pts) Compare fruit development for pecan,
pear and peach Answer questions on Homepage and
submit to teaching assistant