Horta and S-Curve Analysis of South Korea

7/25/2019 Horta and S-Curve Analysis of South Korea

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CHAPTER I

HORTA ANALYSIS

1. Preface

As we know that South Korea in the last one decade made a significant progress of

technology development as we can see one of their product smart phone, SAMSUNG.

SAMSUNG successfully catched up in smart phone technology and ecome one of the

iggest competitors of A!!"# in gloal market sales. $ased on the %nnovation theory, to

make a good innovation ecosystem in a country need active involvement of some important

actors such as, Government, &echnology %nfrastructure, 'esearch %nstitute, and academic

institution. Good coordination etween actors determine outcome of the innovation

ecosystem result which can e seen from the success rate of new technology development.

%ndicator of success in South Korea technology development clearly can e seen y the

development of (N( machine tools that overcome U.S. and Sweden in only )* years. &his

happen ecause they found out how to make the est innovation ecosystem within the

country to optimi+e the technological development performance.

%n this chapter provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of ) scientific fields

research in South Korea ased on citale documents and citations from )-- to )-/

compare to world average. &he result of 01'&A ANA"2S%S shows how many South

Korea have pulished numer of scientific research papers and citation of other party do

toward pulished paper of South Korea on various scientific fields. &he result illustrates in

radar chart which can easily interpreted to analy+e in which field that South Korea has the

most intensive research on particular field. %n this chapter, the result is also presented yratio value of '(A 3'evealed (omparative Advantage4 which shows the 5uantity of paper

pulished y South Korea in ) scientific fields in * years from )--6)-/ and '(%

3'elative (itation %mpact4 which shows how many citation y other party of pulished

paper in South Korea . %n the other word , the more citation on pulished paper the etter


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5uality of the paper on that particular field. &herefore, '(% represents the 5uality of the

paper pulished y South Korea. &o analy+e deeper aout how South Korea manage to e

success as a catching6up country 01'&A ANA"2S%S result illustrates wider perspectivethe performance of South Korea doing research in ) scientific fields

2. Data and Method

7ata used in horta analysis are from scimago8r.com which provide the data of

numer of pulished research paper and respective citations of the paper for the last 9

years from 99: to )-/ ut the data used in this paper only the last * years from )--6

)-/. &he data was organi+ed and calculated of the ) scientific fields research using

#;cel. (alculation of 'eveal (omparative Advantage ased on ratio of 5uantity citale

document of South Korea compare to citale document total of the world. 'elative (itation

%mpact is also calculated ased on ratio total numer of citations for all scientific fields in

South Korea compare to total numer of citation of the world. 'ange of the ratio is from -

to eyond , scientific field which has ratio value higher than it means that this country

has a scientific pulication paper aove world average .


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performance of each scientific field measured y '(A and '(% ratio value. =uality of

pulished paper can e seen y analy+ing differences etween pulication and citation

percentages as shown in the tale elow >Ta$!e 3.1 Sc#ent#f#c P$!#cat#on and C#tat#ons D#fferences

Sc#ent#f#c %#e!ds P$!#cat#o

n

C#tat#on

Agricultural?$iologicalScience @./@ *.:-

Art?0umanities -.*: -.*

$iochemistry,GeneticaMolecular .@ ./)

$usinessManagement?Accounting -.:* -.//

(hemical #ngineering /./ :.@B

(hemistry .@/ .*9

(omputer Science .B @.@:7ecision Science -.@: -.//

7entistry -.@/ -.)B

#arth?!lanetary Science ./- ./

#conomic,#conometric, Cinance -./) -.)-

#nergy .9/ ).))

#ngineering *.:* .-@

#nvironmentalScience ).)* ).*@

0ealth !rofessions -.B -.*)

%mmunology,Microiology ).: )./*

Material Science -.)- -.)*Mathematic @./B .B/

Medicine ).* .9

Multidiciplinary -.@B .@

Neuroscience .)@ .)9

Nursing -.B- -./

!harmacology,&o;icology ).-B ).)*

!hysics?Astronomy 9.9 9./*

!sychology -.@* -.)/

Social Science .@9 -.**

Deterinary -.@ -.:

&ale aove shows the differences etween pulication and citation of paper

pulished in South Korea measured in percentages. Agricultural ? $iological Science field

has pulication percentage @./@ and citation *.:. &his means pulished paper in

Agricultural ? $iological Science cited many times y other person who need it for their


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own research as references. &he more people cited on pulished paper, it means that the

5uality of pulished paper confirm has a good 5uality to e cited for the use of the

reference for others people research on respective field.


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Agricultural&BiologicalScienceArt&Humanities

Biochemistry,GeneticaMolecular

BusinessManagement&Accounting

Chemical Engineering

Chemistry

Computer Science

Decision Science

Dentistry

Earth&Planetary Sc ience

Economic,Econometric, Finance

Energy

EngineeringEnvironmentalScienceHealth Proessions

!mmunology,Micro"iology

Material Science

Mathematic

Me#icine

Multi#iciplinary

$euroscience

$ursing

Pharmacology,%oicology

Physics&Astronomy

Psychology

Social Science

'eterinary

()(((((

*)(((((

+)(((((

Revealed Comparative Advantage for South Korea Compare to The World

+(*( +(** +(*+

+(* +(*- .orl# Average

%n this case '(A of South Korea in ) scientific fields is calculated and the result are

showed in a radar chart elow >

%#(re 3.1'(A ratio of South Korea (ompare to


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decision science, earth ? planetary science, and psychology. &his means that, numer of

pulished paper on these fields relatively low compare to world average. %t also can e

assume that South Korea has less interest to do research on these fields. 1n the other hand,South Korea has a good '(A ratio value on engineering, energy, dentistry, chemical

engineering, chemistry which is mostly related to engineering science e;cept dentistry. &his

result can also e interpreted that South Korea intensively doing research on engineering

science to oost their technological development to support the technological performance

within the country. As we can see that some South Korea product has ecame world class

5uality product such as smart phone, flat screen technology, 0eavy weight industries such

as Samsung 0eavy %ndustry and 0yundai 0eavy %ndustry. Cor instance, in smart phone

technology as we know that South Korea has ecome world class in this through their

product Samsung smart phone . %n 0eavy weight industries , 0yundai achieve


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Agricultural&BiologicalScienceArt&HumanitiesBiochemistry,GeneticaMolecular

BusinessManagement&Accounting

Chemical Engineering

Chemistry

Computer Science

Decision Science

Dentistry

Earth&Planetary Science

Economic,Econometric, Finance

EnergyEngineeringEnvironmentalScienceHealth Proessions!mmunology,Micro"iology

Material Science

Mathematic

Me#icine

Multi#iciplinary

$euroscience

$ursing

Pharmacology,%oicology

Physics&Astronomy

PsychologySocial Science

'eterinary

/*)((((

()0((((

+)0((((

Revealed Comparative Advantage for South Korea Compare to The World

+(*( +(** +(*+

+(* +(*- .orl# Average

%#(re 3.2'(% 'atio of South Korea (ompare to


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multidisciplinary, neuroscience. %t indicates that in )-/ people less interest to cited on

these fields maye ecause they shift to engineering or the 5uality of the paper reduce so

people consider not to cited on these fields. #ither one could e the cause that make itpossile to happen, ut what the chart shows that in these field, inde; of citation are

relatively low.

()+ ()- ()1 ()2 * *)+ *)- *)1 *)2(

()3

*

*)3

+

+)3

Relation Between RCI & RCA

Revealed Comparative Advantage

Relative Citation Impact

&o analy+e deeper the relation etween '(% inde; and '(A inde; which indicates clearly

the visiility and 5uality of the paper pulished shows in the following chart >

%#(re 3.3'elation $etween 'evealed (omparative Advantage and 'elative

(itation %mpact from )--6)-/ in South Korea

(hart aove illustrate the relation etween 'evealed (omparative Advantage and

'elative (itation %mpact of South Korea which can e interpreted as indicator of 5uality

and visiility of pulished papers in ) scientific fields. (hart aove can easily e;plain y

dividing it into / 5uadrant.

1. To")Left *adrant


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Scientific fields in this 5uadrant has '(% inde; aove world average and

'(A inde; elow world average which is . &hese indicates that fields such as

$usiness management, veterinary, Agricultural Science, and 7ecision sciencehave a low numer of pulication papers ut eing cited many times. %t descrie

these papers 5uality on these fields is good as references.

2. To")R#(ht *adrant

Scientific fields in this 5uadrant has oth '(A and '(% inde; aove world

average. %t indicates that, scientific fields such as energy, engineering, material

science, chemistry , dentistry, chemical engineering has pulished many

research papers on these respective fields and eing cited many times y otherEs.

%t means that, South Korea has een doing intensive research on these fields andproduce good 5uality papers which is related to what is South Korea want to

achieve in these fields to their internal technological development.

3. +otto')Left *adrant

%n this 5uadrant represent scientific fields with low numer of pulished

paper and low cited paper. Crom this 5uadrant can also e seen the least interest

fields to do research on. &his is not gives asolute value of pulished papers

5uality ut not many researcher doing research in these particular fields.

&herefore they positioned in ottom left 5uadrant

,. +otto' R#(ht *adrant

%n this 5uadrant represent scientific fields which has numer of pulished

paper aove world average, ut relatively low on numer of cited documents.

&here are some scientific fields in this 5uadrant suchs as pharmacology,

iochemistry ? genetica molecular, and immunology microiology. 0owever in

this 5uadrant the ratio not too far different from world average and it has higher

proaility to increase the numer of citation on pulished paper. 0owever in

this case, these fields donEt have enough numer of citation and we can assume

that the pulished papers 5uality are not good enough to e cited and make it as

references.

Crom figure @.@ we can conclude that energy, engineering, material science,

chemistry , dentistry, chemical engineering scientific fields are dominance in numer of


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pulication and citation and leading the technical 8ournals 5uality : fields out of ) fields of

science .

3.3. Strctra! Chan(e and *a!#t-%n this part, to understand the evolution of oth the revealed comparative advantage

and the relative citation impact of South Korea ,

, and the second measurement that assesses the

change

in the revealed comparative analysis

in

relation to

the world ase

can e calculated

using following e5uation>


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/ / +)3 /+ /* )3 / * /( )3 ( ( )3 *

/()-

/()+

(

()+

()-

()1

()2

*

*)+

*)-

Revealed comparative advantage 2!"2!#

Relative Citation impact 2!"2!#

$y using aove formula to calculate the change or evolution across ) scientific fields in

South Korea the result is presents in figure @./ elow >

%#(re 3.,Structural (hange and =uality in South Korea Science System

7ata in figure @./ ilustrate the change in pulication and citation across ) scientificfields. Cigure aove cover the result different etween )-- to )-/. As we can see that,

mostly numer of pulished papers scientific field are in the right of 26A;is which means

that trend of numer of pulication on these fields increasing in realtion to the world ase.

1n the Up6right side of the chart, there are agricultural ? iological science , 0ealth

!rofession, $usiness Management ? Accounting, and #nvironmental Science. %n these

5uadrant represent the positive trend oth 'elative (itation %mpact and 'evealed

(omparative Advantage . Means that Numer of pulication and numer of citation

increasing through out the years. &his can also e e;plained as the pulished papers 5uality

and the research interest on these fields has increased in )-/ compare to )--. At the

ottom right of the chart , some fields such as #ngineering, (hemistry, (hemical

#ngineering, #nergy, (omputer Science, and Mathematic has positive trend on '(A


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means that the numer of pulication increased in )-/ compare to )--. 0owever the &he

'(% inde; shows that these fields has negative trend which means that numer of papers

cited in )-/ lower than in )--. %n &op6left side of the chart there some fields such asmultidisciplinary, psychology, and social science. 1n this side, multidisciplinary field has

the most significant positive trend on F '(% indicates y numer of citation on pulished

paper on this field. 1n $ottom left side of the chart shows a negative trend oth F '(A and

F '(% . &his indicates that numer of pulication and citation in )-/ is lower than in

)--. &his could e affected y the internal situation within the country such coordination

etween actors in these fields could e not well coordinated which can e affecting on

research performance and 5uality of the paper produce. %f so, the 5uality of the pulished

papers reduced and less people cited it as references in their research.

,. Conc!s#on%t can e concluded that overall ) scientific fields in South Korea that these

particular fields such as energy, engineering, material science, chemistry , dentistry,

chemical engineering are dominant and intensively do the research. As the result, numer

of pulication increase means that many actors interest to do intensive research on these

fields. &his situation also support to produce a high 5uality result with methodology and

ackground theory that can provide sufficient data need for future research. As the

implication , numer of citation also increase y using previous research paper as

references that can guide ne;t researcher. %n other words, South Korea has strong impact on

these fields which also can affect the technological development and innovation y support

from actors that are involve to success make good innovation ecosystem.


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CHAPTER 2

S)SHAPE C/R0E ANALYSIS

2.1 Preface

$asically, S6Shape (urve analysis can e used to investigate how far the

performance of something have gone whether itEs at the emerging phase, pacing phase, or

maturity phase over time period. &he Advantage of analy+ing this phase position of

technological development is to find out or estimate the how far can this technology can go

for further research and development efore it reach itEs saturation point and eventually die.

#ach &echnological development has itEs time period of development , when it reach

maturity stage means that the carrying capacity or development capacity has saturated and

no further action can do to continue the development process. %t also can e e;plained that

it has reach it optimal or ma;imum point of research and improvement of particular

scientific fields. 1n the other words, there are no more space to do any innovation or

improvement on current technology.

%n this chapter will investigate the s6shape curve for each scientific fields for 9

years period from 99: to )-/. S6shape curve investigation is e;ecuted y using software

named logletla ). &his software help us to estimate the age of each scientific fields in

South Korea y using S6Shape (urve. Curthermore, through S6Shape (urve investigation

we can understand the phase position of each scientific fields whether itEs at emerging

phase, pacing phase, or maturity phase.

2.2 S)Sha"e Cr&e Methodo!o(-

$asically "oglet "a is a software package for analy+ing logistic ehavior in time6

series data. !rocesses of growth and diffusion important for environment often follow a

logistic course. %n some cases they ehave as a series of logistic wavelets, or loglets. %n

the easiest cases to recogni+e, a loglet appears as an S6shaped curve or a succession of


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many S6shaped curves. HHphe.rockefeller.eduH"oglet"aH4

7ata used in this chapter is also from scimago8r.com (itale 7ocument on each

scientific research in South Korea from 99: to )-/. (itale documents data gathered

from scimago8r.com then input the data to logletla software. 2ears row is as 26A;is and

(itale document row is as I6A;is. &hen in logletla this data input will e automatically

form a dot graph. %n order to find out the S6Shape curve this data need to e iterated y

using logletla features until it shows a S6Shape curve shade across the data. %teration of

each data is depend on the ma;imum carrying capacity that calculated y the software until

it cannot e iterated anymore.


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Cirstly, in 5uadrant top6left usiness and management fields and veterinary will e

used as a sample. &he S6Shape (urve shows in chart elow >

3a4

3a4

3a4

3a4

3a4

34

%#(re 2.1S6Shape (urve for 3a4 $usiness Cields and 34Deterinary Cields

S6Shape curve aove shows how numer of pulication in respective fields

increasing over the year. &he shade that form a S6Shape curve is the age estimation of

loglet "a software in particular field. $ased on chart aove in usiness management field

shows that itEs saturation point is at @@B numer of citale document and it estimate that

this field take )) more years to reach it saturation point efore it eventually goes down. Cor

veterinary field itEs saturation point is at /B) numer of citale documents and it takes -

more years to reach itEs saturation point. $ased on this result sample in top6left 5uadrant

means that these fields still has many more years to e improved and develop and produce

good 5uality to make a good impact to society structure also affecting whole country

system.

Secondly, in top6right 5uadrant of figure @.@ in this part chemical engineering and

energy took as samples . $elow chart shows the result of S6Shape graph these fields >


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3a4 34

%#(re 2.2S6Shape (urve 'esult of 3a4 (hemical #ngineering and 34 energy fields

&op6right 5uadrant is 5uadrant which contains fields with '(% and '(A inde; aove

world average. %t means that this are the 5uadrant where good 5uality papers with highnumer of citations. Sample of this 5uadrant are chemical engineering and energy fields.

Crom figure ).) we can see that chemical engineering has saturation point at B):-

numer of citale document and ased on loglet "a result it needs )/ more years efore it

reach saturated point. Cor energy fields, itEs saturation point is at @*B9 numer of citale

document. (alculation result y loglet la this field needs )- more years efore it reach

saturation point. %n this 5uadrant also has a good potential to make improvement and

continuous development for the ne;t )- years.

3a4 34

%#(re 2.3S6Shape (urve 'esult of 3a4

pharmacology and 34 immunology fields


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&hese ) fields are located in ottom right 5uadrant. (haracteristics of this 5uadrant

are have '(A inde; more than and '(% inde; less than one. %n other words, fields

within this 5uadrant have numers of pulished paper ut less cited y other relative to theworld comparison.

As we can see figure ).@ represent S6Shape curve result of pharmacology field and

immunology field. !harmacology has saturation point at @B/ numer of citale document

and current of pulication is around )*-- pulished paper. Curthermore it takes )/ more

years to e saturated efore it goes down. Cor immunology field itEs saturation point is at

@9@* numer of citale document and will e reach itEs saturation point in )* years later.

&hese ) fields has consideraly long age to e more developed through research and have

a potential to go further and produce high 5uality pulished scientific paper which ale to

contriute to gives positive impact in society in the future.

3a4 34

%#(re 3.,S6Shape (urve 'esult of 3a4 art ? humanities and 34 environmental science

Cields aove are samples of ottom6left 5uadrant which is 5uadrant with less than

oth in '(% and '(A inde;. (haracteristics in this 5uadrant are numer of pulished paper

and citation toward these pulished papers are relatively low compare to the world.

(hart aove illustrates the S6Shape curve result of ) fields in ottom6left 5uadrant ,

these fields are art ? humanities and environmental science. %n art ? humanities saturation

point is at @:/ numer of citale document and it has )- more years efore it reach


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saturation point. (urrent numer of citale document is around B-- papers. Cor

environmental science will e saturated at :/@9 numer of citale document in )* more

years. (urrently numer of citale document in this field is around @--- papers and still

have @/-- papers remaining efore it reach ma;imum carrying capacity.


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2., Conc!s#on1verall in ) scientific fields research in South Korea is dominated y (hemical

#ngineering fields, #ngineering, (hemistry, Material Science, #nergy , (omputer Science.

Most of these fields estimated will e saturated in appro;imately )- more years.(an e concluded that, South Korea research is mostly focus on these fields with

great 5uantity of pulished paper and also cited many times this confirm papers pulished

regarding these fields has good 5uality with high 5uantity.

APPENDI

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Horta and S-Curve Analysis of South Korea

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