INTRODUCTION ALL HOSPITALS ARE BASED ON THE TRIAD OF GOOD PLANNING, GOOD DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION AND GOOD ADMINISTRATION. THE SUCCESS OF ANY HOSPITAL IS MEASURED IN TERMS OF PATIENT CARE, EFFICIENCY AND COMMUNITY SERVICES. GOOD HOSPITAL GOOD PLANNING GOOD ADMINISTRATION GOOD DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN PLANNING • HIGH QUALITY PATIENT CARE • EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY ORIENTATION • ECONOMIC VIABILITY • SOUND ARCHITECTURAL PLAN FOLLOWING RULES MUST BE OBSERVED WHILE PLANNING • PROTECTION OF THE PATIENT IS THE PRIMARY RULE • THE SECOND RULE IS TO PLAN FOR THE SHORTEST POSSIBLE TRAFFIC ROUTES • THIRD RULE IS THE SEPARATION OF THE DISSIMILAR ACTIVITIES • CONTROL IS THE FOURTH RULE TO FOLLOW GENERAL FEATURES • ORIENTATION OF ALL OR MOST SECTION OF THE HOSPITAL TO ALLOW MAXIMUM LIGHT. • ALL THE OPENINGS SHOULD BE SCREENED. • DETAILED AND CAREFUL PLANNING OF TRAFFIC AND ENTRANCE. • VINYL FLOORING IS THE BEST SINCE IT IS SOFT AND SMOOTH WHICH MAKES WALKING EASY AND ALMOST NOISELESS. • CORRIDORS OF 7 TO 8 FEET WIDTH WITH A FINISHED CEILING HEIGHT OF 7 ½ TO 8 FEET ARE THE MOST WIDELY ACCEPTED PATTERN. SHOULD BE AS STRAIGHT AS POSSIBLE. • RAMP GRADIENT SHOULD NOT INCREASE 1:10. • WALLS MUST BE DADDOED, 5 TO 7 INCHES SKIRTING IS ALSO USEFUL. • STAIRCASE WIDTH SHOULD BE AT LEAST 3 FEET 8 INCHES WITH RAILING ON BOTH THE SIDES FOR THE SAFETY OF THE PATIENT. • HOSPITALS WITH MORE THAN 250 TO 300 BEDS REQUIRE 3 OR MORE ELEVATORS SIZE 5 BY 7 ½ FEET AND DOOR 4 FEET WIDE TO ALLOW HANDLING OF BEDS AND STRETCHERSTOGETHER WITH ATTENDANTS. FUNCTIONS OF THE HOSPITAL PREVENTIVE FUNCTION PRIMARY FUNCTION CONCERNED WITH HEALTH PROMOTION AIM: TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF THE POPULATIONZ CURATIVE FUNCTION PRIMARY FUNCTION CONCERNED WITH PROVIDING PATIENT CARE TRAINING FUNCTION SECONDARY FUNCTION CONCERNED WITH THE TRAINING AND EDUCATIONAL COURSES RESEARCH FUNCTION SECONDARY FUNCTION CONCERNED WITH CONDUCTION OF HEALTH RELATED RESEARCHES CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS SPECIALITY HOSPITALS: THESE HOSPITALS DEALS WITH EXCLUSIVELY WITH SPECIAL ORGANS OR SYSTEMS OF BODY E.G.:- EYE; EAR; NOSE, HEART; ORTHOPEDICS OR DEAL WITH CERTAIN GROUP OF PEOPLE OR POPULATION E.G.: CHILDREN. GENERAL HOSPITALS: THESE CONSISTS A LARGE RANGE OF SPECIAL SERVICES & AIM TO PROVIDE TREATMENT FOR MEN, WOMEN SUFFERING FROM ANY KIND OF ILLNESS, EXCEPT HIGHLY INFECTIOUS & DANGEROUS DISEASES. DEPENDING UPON THESE HOSPITALS, THEY CAN BE FURTHER CLASSIFIED INTO AS:- PRIVATE HOSPITALS: THESE HOSPITALS ARE OWNED EITHER BY A SINGLE PERSON OR PARTNERS WHO FORM THE TRUST. PUBLIC HOSPITALS: THESE HOSPITALS ARE PRIMARILY OWNED BY GOVERNMENT AGENTS. IN SOME CASES THEY ARE OWNED BY TRUST WHICH PROVIDES HEALTH CARE ON CHARITY. GROUPING OF HOSPITAL CATEGORY A 25 TO 50 BEDS CATEGORY B 51 TO 100 BEDS CATEGORY C 101 TO 300 BEDS CATEGORY D 301 TO 500 BEDS CATEGORY E 501 TO 750 BEDS HOSPITAL CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO MAIN SECTIONS:- • MEDICAL SECTION • NON MEDICAL SECTION MEDICAL SECTION IT CONSIST OF PATIENT CARE DIVISION DIAGNOSTIC DEPARTMENT • RADIOLOGY • PATHOLOGY • OT • DELIVERY SUITS SUPPORT SERVICES • DIETARY • LAUNDRY • STORES CSSD NON MEDICAL SECTION IT CONSIST OF • ADMINISTRATIVE • MEDICAL RECORDS • PURCHASE • ACCOUNTS • ENGINEERING SEVICES • AC • WATER SUPLLY • FIRE FIGHTING • MEDICAL GAS • SEWERAGE DISPOSAL • ELECTRIC SUBSTATION • ANCILLARY SERVICES ENTRANCE TO THE HOSPITAL • GENERALLY THERE ARE THREE MAIN ENTRANCES TO THE HOSPITAL THAT ARE THROUGH THE EMERGENCY ENTRANCE, SECOND IS THE IN-PATIENT ENTRY I.E. THE I.P.D ENTRY AND THE THIRD IS THE OUT- PATIENT ENTRY I.E. O.P.D ENTRY. BESIDES THIS THE HOSPITAL HAS THE SEPARATE SERVICE ENTRY AND THE SEPARATE ENTRY FOR THE ADMINISTRATION WING. • THE MAIN ENTRY TO THE HOSPITAL IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE EASE IN CIRCULATION, LARGE WAITING AREA AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC FACILITIES SUCH AS ATM, PHONE BOOTHS, COFFEE STANDS AND THE RECEPTION AREA ETC. NOWADAYS THE MODERN HOSPITALS ALSO HAVE THE PROVISION OF THE FLORIST SHOP IN THE HOSPITAL BUILDING. OUT PATIENT DEPARTMENT CARING FOR THE SICK IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT; HERBY IT RENDERS AN ESSENTIAL COMMUNITY SERVICE. IT HAS FACILITIES FOR SCREENING, COUNSELING, CLINICAL EXAMINATION, TREATMENT AND REFERRAL. LOCATION:- OPD SHOULD BE CONVENIENTLY LOCATED ADJACENT OR IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO VITAL ADJUNCT SERVICES SUCH AS REGISTRATION AND MEDICAL RECORDS, ADMITTING, EMERGENCY AND SOCIAL SERVICES. IT SHOULD ALSO BE EASILY ACCESSIBLE AND RAPID SERVICES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FROM THE LABORATORIES, RADIOLOGY, PHARMACY AND PHYSICAL THERAPY DEPARTMENTS SINCE PRACTICALLY ALL OF THE DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC DEPARTMENTS ARE USED BY THE PATIENTS DURING EVERY VISIT. • THE SIZE OF THE OPD DEPENDS UPON THE VOLUME OF THE ATTENDANCE, THE CLINICS PROVIDED AND THE EXTENT OF OTHER FACILITIES LIKE LABORATORY, BLOOD BANK, HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMME, OPERATING FACILITIES, EMERGENCY WARDS ETC. • MOREOVER THE LOCATION OF THE OPD DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE SUCH THAT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO LOOK INTO THE EXAMINATION AND THE TREATMENT ROOMS FROM OUTSIDE. • AS REGARDS ORIENTATION WISE IT IS ADVISABLE NOT TO ARRANGE THE DEPARTMENT SO THAT ITS WINDOWS OF EXAMINATION ROOMS FACE THE SOUTH. PHYSICAL COMPONENTS AND THEIR SPACE REQUIREMENTS THE OPD OF A GENERAL HOSPITAL SHOULD HAVE THESE SECTIONS: • GENERAL FACILITIES • ENTRANCE HALL, WAITING SPACES • CLINICS OF DIFFERENT MEDICAL DISCIPLINE WITH THEIR EXAMINATION ROOMS • SUPPORTING FACILITIES LIKE INJECTION ROOM, LABORATORY, MINOR OPERATION THEATRE • PHARMACY • BLOOD BANK VARIOUS SERVICES STAFF ZONE RECEPTION PUBLIC ZONE PUBLIC ACCESS CLINICAL ZONE STAFF ROUTE PATIENT ROUTE ENTRANCE STAFF ACCESS FOR SMALL HOSPITAL
Transcript
INTRODUCTION
ALL HOSPITALS ARE BASED ON THE TRIAD OF GOOD PLANNING, GOOD DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION AND GOOD ADMINISTRATION. THE SUCCESS OF ANY HOSPITAL IS MEASURED IN TERMS OF PATIENT CARE, EFFICIENCY AND COMMUNITY SERVICES.
GOOD HOSPITAL
GOOD PLANNING
GOOD ADMINISTRATIONGOOD DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN PLANNING
• HIGH QUALITY PATIENT CARE
• EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY ORIENTATION
• ECONOMIC VIABILITY
• SOUND ARCHITECTURAL PLAN
FOLLOWING RULES MUST BE OBSERVED WHILE PLANNING
• PROTECTION OF THE PATIENT IS THE PRIMARY RULE
• THE SECOND RULE IS TO PLAN FOR THE SHORTEST POSSIBLE TRAFFIC ROUTES
• THIRD RULE IS THE SEPARATION OF THE DISSIMILAR ACTIVITIES
• CONTROL IS THE FOURTH RULE TO FOLLOW
GENERAL FEATURES• ORIENTATION OF ALL OR MOST SECTION OF THE HOSPITAL TO ALLOW MAXIMUM LIGHT.
• ALL THE OPENINGS SHOULD BE SCREENED.
• DETAILED AND CAREFUL PLANNING OF TRAFFIC AND ENTRANCE.
• VINYL FLOORING IS THE BEST SINCE IT IS SOFT AND SMOOTH WHICH MAKES WALKING EASY AND ALMOST NOISELESS.
• CORRIDORS OF 7 TO 8 FEET WIDTH WITH A FINISHED CEILING HEIGHT OF 7 ½ TO 8 FEET ARE THE MOST WIDELY ACCEPTED PATTERN. SHOULD BE AS STRAIGHT AS POSSIBLE.
• RAMP GRADIENT SHOULD NOT INCREASE 1:10.
• WALLS MUST BE DADDOED, 5 TO 7 INCHES SKIRTING IS ALSO USEFUL.
• STAIRCASE WIDTH SHOULD BE AT LEAST 3 FEET 8 INCHES WITH RAILING ON BOTH THE SIDES FOR THE SAFETY OF THE PATIENT.
• HOSPITALS WITH MORE THAN 250 TO 300 BEDS REQUIRE 3 OR MORE ELEVATORS SIZE 5 BY 7 ½ FEET AND DOOR 4 FEET WIDE TO ALLOW HANDLING OF BEDS AND STRETCHERSTOGETHER WITH ATTENDANTS.
FUNCTIONS OF THE HOSPITAL
PREVENTIVE FUNCTION
PRIMARY FUNCTION CONCERNED WITH
HEALTH PROMOTION
AIM: TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF THE
POPULATIONZ
CURATIVE FUNCTION
PRIMARY FUNCTION
CONCERNED WITH PROVIDING
PATIENT CARE
TRAINING FUNCTION
SECONDARY FUNCTION
CONCERNED WITH THE
TRAINING AND EDUCATIONAL
COURSES
RESEARCH FUNCTION
SECONDARY FUNCTION
CONCERNED WITH CONDUCTION OF
HEALTH RELATED RESEARCHES
CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS
SPECIALITY HOSPITALS: THESE HOSPITALS DEALS WITH EXCLUSIVELY WITH SPECIAL ORGANS OR SYSTEMS OF BODY E.G.:- EYE; EAR; NOSE, HEART; ORTHOPEDICS OR DEAL WITH CERTAIN GROUP OF PEOPLE OR POPULATION E.G.: CHILDREN. GENERAL HOSPITALS: THESE CONSISTS A LARGE RANGE OF SPECIAL SERVICES & AIM TO PROVIDE TREATMENT FOR MEN, WOMEN SUFFERING FROM ANY KIND OF ILLNESS, EXCEPT HIGHLY INFECTIOUS & DANGEROUS DISEASES. DEPENDING UPON THESE HOSPITALS, THEY CAN BE FURTHER CLASSIFIED INTO AS:-
PRIVATE HOSPITALS:THESE HOSPITALS ARE OWNED EITHER BY A SINGLE PERSON OR PARTNERS WHO FORM THE TRUST.
PUBLIC HOSPITALS:THESE HOSPITALS ARE PRIMARILY OWNED BY GOVERNMENT AGENTS. IN SOME CASES THEY ARE OWNED BY TRUST WHICH PROVIDES HEALTH CARE ON CHARITY.
GROUPING OF HOSPITAL CATEGORY A 25 TO 50 BEDS CATEGORY B 51 TO 100 BEDS CATEGORY C 101 TO 300 BEDS CATEGORY D 301 TO 500 BEDS CATEGORY E 501 TO 750 BEDS
HOSPITAL CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO MAIN SECTIONS:-• MEDICAL SECTION• NON MEDICAL SECTION
NON MEDICAL SECTIONIT CONSIST OF• ADMINISTRATIVE• MEDICAL RECORDS• PURCHASE• ACCOUNTS• ENGINEERING SEVICES• AC • WATER SUPLLY• FIRE FIGHTING• MEDICAL GAS • SEWERAGE DISPOSAL• ELECTRIC SUBSTATION• ANCILLARY SERVICES
ENTRANCE TO THE HOSPITAL• GENERALLY THERE ARE THREE MAIN ENTRANCES TO THE HOSPITAL THAT ARE THROUGH THE
EMERGENCY ENTRANCE, SECOND IS THE IN-PATIENT ENTRY I.E. THE I.P.D ENTRY AND THE THIRD IS THE OUT-PATIENT ENTRY I.E. O.P.D ENTRY. BESIDES THIS THE HOSPITAL HAS THE SEPARATE SERVICE ENTRY AND THE SEPARATE ENTRY FOR THE ADMINISTRATION WING.
• THE MAIN ENTRY TO THE HOSPITAL IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE EASE IN CIRCULATION, LARGE WAITING AREA AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC FACILITIES SUCH AS ATM, PHONE BOOTHS, COFFEE STANDS AND THE RECEPTION AREA ETC. NOWADAYS THE MODERN HOSPITALS ALSO HAVE THE PROVISION OF THE FLORIST SHOP IN THE HOSPITAL BUILDING.
OUT PATIENT DEPARTMENT
CARING FOR THE SICK IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT; HERBY IT RENDERS AN ESSENTIAL COMMUNITY SERVICE. IT HAS FACILITIES FOR SCREENING, COUNSELING, CLINICAL EXAMINATION, TREATMENT AND REFERRAL.
LOCATION:-OPD SHOULD BE CONVENIENTLY LOCATED ADJACENT OR IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO VITAL ADJUNCT SERVICES SUCH AS REGISTRATION AND MEDICAL RECORDS, ADMITTING, EMERGENCY AND SOCIAL SERVICES. IT SHOULD ALSO BE EASILY ACCESSIBLE AND RAPID SERVICES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FROM THE LABORATORIES, RADIOLOGY, PHARMACY AND PHYSICAL THERAPY DEPARTMENTS SINCE PRACTICALLY ALL OF THE DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC DEPARTMENTS ARE USED BY THE PATIENTS DURING EVERY VISIT.
• THE SIZE OF THE OPD DEPENDS UPON THE VOLUME OF THE ATTENDANCE, THE CLINICS PROVIDED AND THE EXTENT OF OTHER FACILITIES LIKE LABORATORY, BLOOD BANK, HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMME, OPERATING FACILITIES, EMERGENCY WARDS ETC.
• MOREOVER THE LOCATION OF THE OPD DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE SUCH THAT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO LOOK INTO THE EXAMINATION AND THE TREATMENT ROOMS FROM OUTSIDE.
• AS REGARDS ORIENTATION WISE IT IS ADVISABLE NOT TO ARRANGE THE DEPARTMENT SO THAT ITS WINDOWS OF EXAMINATION ROOMS FACE THE SOUTH.
PHYSICAL COMPONENTS AND THEIR SPACE REQUIREMENTSTHE OPD OF A GENERAL HOSPITAL SHOULD HAVE THESE SECTIONS:• GENERAL FACILITIES• ENTRANCE HALL, WAITING SPACES• CLINICS OF DIFFERENT MEDICAL DISCIPLINE WITH THEIR EXAMINATION ROOMS• SUPPORTING FACILITIES LIKE INJECTION ROOM, LABORATORY, MINOR OPERATION THEATRE• PHARMACY • BLOOD BANK
VARIOUS SERVICES
STAFF ZONE
RECEPTION
PUBLIC ZONE
PUBLIC ACCESS
CLINICAL ZONE
STAFF ROUTE
PATIENT ROUTE
ENTRANCE
STAFF ACCESS
FOR SMALL HOSPITAL
OTHER SERVICE
RECEPTIONRECEPTION
STAFF ZONE
CLINICAL ZONE
PUBLIC ZONE PUBLIC ZONE
CLINICAL ZONED
OTHER SERVICES
PUBLIC ACCESS
STAFF ACCESS
PUBLIC ZONE
RECEPTION
STAFF ZONE
PUBLIC ACCESS
CLINICAL ZONE
OTHER SERVICES
PUBLIC ZONE
RECEPTION
STAFF ZONE
CLINICAL ZONE
OTHER SERVICES
PUBLIC ACCESS
FOR GENERAL HOSPITAL
FOR LARGE HOSPITAL
ENGINEERING SERVICESBASIC ENGINEERING SERVICESCIVIL WORK:LAND PROCUREMENT/LAND DEVELOPMENT BUILDING WORKSELECTRIFICATION,VENTILATION,LIGHTING
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
BIO-MEDICAL SERVICES
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
WATER SUPPLYRO SYSTEMEXTERNAL SUPPLY(CORPORATION)INTERNAL SUPPLY(BOREWELL)PERIODIC WATER TESTINGSTORAGE TANKOVERHEAD TANKDISTRIBUTION TANK AND PIPELINECHLORINATIONPUMP MOTORS
AMOUNT/DAY
OTs 5 LITRES
PHYSIOTHERAPY
500 LITRES
LABS 1000 LITRES
KITCHENS 1O LITRES/BED
LAUNDRY 50 LITRES/BED
PATIENTS 30 LITRES
ATTENDANTS 15 LITRES
LAND
SEWERAGE
ELECTRIC SUPPLY
• MAIN SOURCE• DUAL SUPPLY IN ESSENTIAL AREA• CONTROL PANELS AND POWER CUTS• CABLES AND SWITCH• ALTERNATE SOURCE GENERATOR NON-CONVENTIONAL• TRANSFORMERS• CUT/VOLTAGE STABLIZER
AIR CONDITIONING• CENTRAL AIR CONDITION• AHU• WINDOW AND SPLIT AC• WATER COOLERS
AIR AND VENTILATION• NATURAL AIR• FORCED AIR• NATURAL EXHAUST• FORCED EXHAUST
GUIDELINES IN THE PLANNING AND DESIGNOF A HOSPITAL
ENVIRONMENTLOCATION:A HOSPITAL SHALL BE SO LOCATED THAT IT IS READILY ACCESSIBLE TO THE COMMUNITY AND REASONABLY FREE FROM UNDUE NOISE, SMOKE, DUST, FOUL,ODOR, FLOOD, AND SHALL NOT BE LOCATED ADJACENT TO RAILROADS, FREIGHT YARDS, CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUNDS, AIRPORTS, INDUSTRIAL PLANTS, DISPOSAL PLANTS.
ORIENTATION:THE MOST SUITABLE ORIENTATION FOR TREATMENT AND OPERATING ROOM IS BETWEEN NORTH-WEST AND NORTH-EAST.FOR NURSING WARD FACADES,SOUTH TO SOUTH IS FAVOURABLE:PLEASANT MORNING SUN,MINIMAL HEAT BUILD UP,LITTLE REQUIREMENT FOR SUN SHADIN,MILD IN THE EVENINGS.EAST AND WEST FACING ROOMS HAVE COMPARATIVELY DEEPER SUN PENETRATION,THOUGH LESS WINTER SUN.THE ORIENTATION OF WARDS IN HOSPITALS WITH SHORT STAY IS NOT SO IMPORTANT.SOME SPECIALIST DISCIPLINES MIGHT REQUIRE ROOMS ON THE NORTH SIDE SO THAT PATIENTS ARE NOT SO SUBJECTED TO DIRECT SUNLIGHT.
OCCUPANCY: A BUILDING DESIGNED FOR OTHER PURPOSE SHALL NOT BE CONVERTED INTO AHOSPITAL. THE LOCATION OF A HOSPITAL SHALL COMPLY WITH ALL LOCAL ZONING ORDINANCES.
SAFETY: A HOSPITAL SHALL PROVIDE AND MAINTAIN A SAFE ENVIRONMENT FOR PATIENTS, PERSONNEL AND PUBLIC. THE BUILDING SHALL BE OF SUCH CONSTRUCTION SO THAT NO HAZARDS TO THE LIFE AND SAFETY OF PATIENTS, PERSONNEL AND PUBLIC EXIST. IT SHALL BE CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING WEIGHT AND ELEMENTS TO WHICH THEY MAY BE SUBJECTED.
• EXITS SHALL BE RESTRICTED TO THE FOLLOWING TYPES: DOOR LEADING DIRECTLY OUTSIDE THE BUILDING, INTERIOR STAIR, RAMP, AND EXTERIOR STAIR.
• A MINIMUM OF TWO (2) EXITS, REMOTE FROM EACH OTHER, SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR EACH FLOOR OF THE BUILDING.
• EXITS SHALL TERMINATE DIRECTLY AT AN OPEN SPACE TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE BUILDING.
SECURITY: A HOSPITAL SHALL ENSURE THE SECURITY OF PERSON AND PROPERTY WITHIN THE FACILITY.
PATIENT MOVEMENT: SPACES SHALL BE WIDE ENOUGH FOR FREE MOVEMENT OF PATIENTS,WHETHER THEY ARE ON BEDS, STRETCHERS, OR WHEELCHAIRS. CIRCULATION ROUTES FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM ONE AREA TO ANOTHER SHALL BE AVAILABLE AND FREE AT ALL TIMES.
CORRIDORS FOR ACCESS BY PATIENT AND EQUIPMENT SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM WIDTH OF2.44 METERS.
CORRIDORS IN AREAS NOT COMMONLY USED FOR BED, STRETCHER AND EQUIPMENTTRANSPORT MAY BE REDUCED IN WIDTH TO 1.83 METERS.
A RAMP OR ELEVATOR SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR ANCILLARY, CLINICAL AND NURSING AREASLOCATED ON THE UPPER FLOOR.
A RAMP SHALL BE PROVIDED AS ACCESS TO THE ENTRANCE OF THE HOSPITAL NOT ON THESAME LEVEL OF THE SITE.
DOORS:WHEN DESIGNING DOORS THE HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED.THE SURFACE COATING MUST WITHSTAND THE LONG TERM ACTION OF CLEANSING AGENTS AND DISINFECTANTS AND THEY MUST BE DESIGNED TO PREVENT THE TRANSMISSION OF SOUND,ODOURS AND DRAUGHTS.A MINIMUM OF 25 dB SHALL BE PREVENTED BY A DOOR.CLEAR HEIGHTS OF THE DOOR ARE AS FOLLOWING:• NORMAL DOORS: 2.1-2.2 M• VEHICLE ENTRY 2.5 M• TRANSPORT ENTRANCE 2.7-2.8 M• MINIMUM HEIGHT ON APPROACH ROAD 3.50 MMINIMUM WIDHT OF DOOR • INPATIENT BEDROOM 1.2 M• ACCESSED BY STRETCHER OR WHEELCHAIRS 1 M• CORRIDOR DOORS 1.2 M
STAIRS:FOR SAFETY REASONS STAIRS MUST BE DESIGNED IN SUCH A WAY THAT IF NECESSARY THEY CAN ACCOMMODATE ALL OF VERTICAL CIRCULATION.STAIRS MUST HAVE HANDRAILS ON BOTH SIDES WITHOUT PROJECTING PIPES.MINIMUM WIDTH 1.5 MMAXIMUM WIDTH 2.5 MMINIMUM RISER 150 MMMAXIMUM RISER 170 MMMINIMUM TREAD 280 MMMAXIMUM TREAD 300 MM
WHILE DESIGNING STAIRS IT IS FAVAOURABLE TO PROVIDE TREAD OF 300 MM AND RISER OF 150 MM
LIGHTING: ALL AREAS IN A HOSPITAL AND OTHER HEALTH FACILITIES SHALL BE PROVIDED WITHSUFFICIENT ILLUMINATION TO PROMOTE COMFORT, HEALING AND RECOVERY OF PATIENTS AND TO ENABLE PERSONNEL IN THE PERFORMANCE OF WORK.
VENTILATION: ADEQUATE VENTILATION SHALL BE PROVIDED TO ENSURE COMFORT OF PATIENTS,PERSONNEL AND PUBLIC.
AUDITORY AND VISUAL PRIVACY: A HOSPITAL AND OTHER HEALTH FACILITIES SHALL OBSERVE ACCEPTABLE SOUND LEVEL AND ADEQUATE VISUAL SECLUSION TO ACHIEVE THE ACOUSTICAL AND PRIVACY REQUIREMENTS IN DESIGNATED AREAS ALLOWING THE UNHAMPERED CONDUCT OF ACTIVITIES.
WATER SUPPLY: A HOSPITAL AND OTHER HEALTH FACILITIES SHALL USE AN APPROVED PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM WHENEVER AVAILABLE. THE WATER SUPPLY SHALL BE POTABLE, SAFE FOR DRINKING AND ADEQUATE, AND SHALL BE BROUGHT INTO THE BUILDING FREE OF CROSS CONNECTIONS.
WASTE DISPOSAL: LIQUID WASTE SHALL BE DISCHARGED INTO AN APPROVED PUBLIC SEWERAGE SYSTEM WHENEVER AVAILABLE, AND SOLID WASTE SHALL BE COLLECTED, TREATED AND DISPOSED OF IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE CODES, LAWS OR ORDINANCES.
SANITATION: UTILITIES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF SANITARY SYSTEM, INCLUDING APPROVED WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM, SHALL BE PROVIDED THROUGH THE BUILDINGS AND PREMISES TO ENSURE A CLEAN AND HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT.
HOUSEKEEPING: A HOSPITAL SHALL PROVIDE AND MAINTAIN A HEALTHY AND AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT FOR PATIENTS, PERSONNEL AND PUBLIC.
MAINTENANCE: THERE SHALL BE AN EFFECTIVE BUILDING MAINTENANCE PROGRAM IN PLACE. THE BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT SHALL BE KEPT IN A STATE OF GOOD REPAIR. PROPER MAINTENANCE SHALL BE PROVIDED TO PREVENT UNTIMELY BREAKDOWN OF BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT.
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION: FLOORS, WALLS AND CEILINGS SHALL BE OF STURDY MATERIALS THAT SHALL ALLOW DURABILITY, EASE OF CLEANING AND FIRE RESISTANCE.
SEGREGATION: WARDS SHALL OBSERVE SEGREGATION OF SEXES. SEPARATE TOILET SHALL BEMAINTAINED FOR PATIENTS AND PERSONNEL, MALE AND FEMALE, WITH A RATIO OF ONE (1) TOILET FORNEVERY EIGHT (8) PATIENTS OR PERSONNEL.
FIRE PROTECTION: THERE SHALL BE MEASURES FOR DETECTING FIRE SUCH AS FIRE ALARMS IN WALLS,PEEPHOLES IN DOORS OR SMOKE DETECTORS IN CEILINGS. THERE SHALL BE DEVICES FOR QUENCHING FIRE SUCH AS FIRE EXTINGUISHERS OR FIRE HOSES THAT ARE EASILY VISIBLE AND ACCESSIBLE IN STRATEGIC AREAS.
SIGNAGE:THERE SHALL BE AN EFFECTIVE GRAPHIC SYSTEM COMPOSED OF A NUMBER OFINDIVIDUAL VISUAL AIDS AND DEVICES ARRANGED TO PROVIDE INFORMATION, ORIENTATION, DIRECTION,IDENTIFICATION, PROHIBITION, WARNING AND OFFICIAL NOTICE CONSIDERED ESSENTIAL TO THE OPTIMUM OPERATION OF A HOSPITAL AND OTHER HEALTH FACILITIES.
PARKING: A HOSPITAL AND OTHER HEALTH FACILITIES SHALL PROVIDE A MINIMUM OF ONE (1)PARKING SPACE FOR EVERY TWENTY-FIVE (25) BEDS.
ZONING:• OUTER ZONE• SECOND ZONE• INNER ZONE• DEEP ZONE• SERVICE ZONE
OUTER ZONEAREAS THAT ARE
IMMEDIATELY ACCESSIBLE TO THE
PUBLIC
ADMITTING OFFICE
ADMINISTRATION
OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT
PRIMARY HEALTHCARE
SUPPORT AREARECEPTION EMERGENCY
DEPARTMENT
INNER ZONEIT IS IN INTERIOR BUT WITH DIRECT
ACCESS FOR THE PUBLIC
WARD NURSING SUITS
SERVICE ZONEAREAS WHICH
PROVIDENSUPPORT TO THE HOSPITAL
ACTIVITIES DISPOSED AROUND SERVICE YARD
DIETRY SERVICES
MAINTAINANCE AND
ENGINEERINGSTORAGE MOURTUARY LAUNDARY AND
HOUSEKEEPINGMOTOR POOL
SECOND ZONEZONE WHICE RECEIVES WORKING FROM OUTER
ZONE
PLASTER LABORATATERIESDIAGNOSTIC
X-RAY PHARMACY
MIDDLE ZONEIT IS BETWEEN INNER AND
OUTER ZONES
DELIVERY OPERATION DEPARTMENT
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT NURSERY
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
THE ICU IS FOR CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS WHO NEED CONSTANT MEDICAL ATTENTION.FAVOURABLY LOCATED NEAR THE OTsNUMBER OF BEDS 1-2% OF TOTAL BEDS
TRIAGE:THE TRIAGE ROOM IS USED TO ACCESS THE SERIOUSNESS OF A PATIENT’S ILLNESS OR INJURY.IT IS GENERALLY LOCATED NEAR THE EMERGENCY ROOM.THE PATIENTS BOUGHT IN TRIAGE ARE CATEGORISED AS:• THOSE WHO ARE LIKELY TO LIVE• THOSE WHO ARE LIKELY TO DIE• THOSE FOR WHOM IMMEDIATE CARE MIGHT MAKE A POSITIVE OUTCOME
SPACE: ADEQUATE AREA SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR THE PEOPLE, ACTIVITY,
FURNITURE, EQUIPMENT AND UTILITY.
Space Area in Square MetersAdministrative ServiceLobbyWaiting Area 0.65/personInformation and Reception Area 5.02/staffToilet 1.67Business Office 5.02/staffMedical Records 5.02/staffOffice of the Chief of Hospital 5.02/staffLaundry and Linen Area 5.02/staffMaintenance and Housekeeping Area 5.02/staffParking Area for Transport Vehicle 9.29Supply Room 5.02/staffWaste Holding Room 4.65DietaryDietitian Area 5.02/staffSupply Receiving Area 4.65Cold and Dry Storage Area 4.65Food Preparation Area 4.65Cooking and Baking Area 4.65Serving and Food Assembly Area 4.65Washing Area 4.65Garbage Disposal Area 1.67Dining Area 1.40/personToilet 1.67Waiting Area 0.65/personToilet 1.67Nurse Station 5.02/staffExamination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bedObservation Area 7.43/bedEquipment and Supply Storage Area 4.65Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcherOutpatient DepartmentWaiting Area 0.65/personToilet 1.67Admitting and Records Area 5.02/staffExamination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bedConsultation Area 5.02/staffSurgical and Obstetrical ServiceMajor Operating Room 33.45Delivery Room 33.45Dressing Room 2.32
