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HOT SEATS TEAM #25
Team members:Aaron Mallory (PM)Ali BoulandMisfer AlmarriJawad ZereigatOlanrewaju AdeneyiAlex Singleton
Faculty advisor:David Williams
OUTLINE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (AM) DESIGN SYSTEM
WIND DATA (AS) WIND TURBINE (MA) Heater (AB) Microcontroller (JZ)
PROTYPE SYSTEM PROTOTYPE WIND TURBINE (OA) ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (AM)
SUMMARY (AS)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background
Design a system that can provide heat to bus shelter relying on renewable energy sources in an urban environment
Expectations Outcome Design System Cost: $ 5,188 Prototype Cost: $ 604 Estimated Time to Implement Design: 9
weeks Estimated Prototype Build Time: 7 weeks
DESIGN SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
Wind Turbine
Grid
Inverter
Micro-controlle
r
Radiant Heater
Generator
Net Metering
WIND DATA
Represent Feasibility Study Pick a relative location Weather Stations
Hourly Weather Data from 2009 Wind Speed, Direction, Air Density
WEATHER STATIONS
WIND RADAR GRAPH
DISCUSSION
Annual Power Output Directional Location Offset Cost average
WIND TURBINE
Options and Chosen Options Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine was chosen. The choice can by justified by the following: Offer benefits in low speed Tend to be safer, easier to build Can be more accessible for maintenance Handle wind turbulence much better than
horizontal wind turbines for urban applications.
WIND TURBINE SPECIFICATIONS
Start wind speed is 2.3 m/s Nominal wind speed is 13 m/s Nominal power 2.2 KW Number of Blades : six blades Rotor Diameter is 1.78 m and height is 5.5 m Rotor Area is 3.56 m2
Mechanical Break for safety
WIND TURBINE COMPONENTS
1-The Blades• Consists of six blades• Made of PVC• PVC are strong but flexible• Have exceptional wind capture
2- Cage mounting plates • Two cage plates : the upper plate and
the lower plate• Seen by birds as a solid object so they
avoid flying into the turbine
3- Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG)
• A direct drive generator with one moving part
Gearbox : No gearbox needed Permanent Magnet Generator was
specially designed for this wind turbine
Produces power at low speeds, eliminating the need for a speed increasing gearbox
3
1
2
AVAILABLE POWER AT A GIVEN WIND SPEED
Wind speed ( m/s )
wind speed (mph )
Area ( m2) Power (W)
1 2.24 3.56 0
2 4.48 3.56 0 2.7 6.048 3.56 11.18341
3 6.72 3.56 15.34075
4 8.96 3.56 36.36326
5 11.2 3.56 71.022
6 13.44 3.56 122.726
7 15.68 3.56 194.8844
8 17.92 3.56 290.9061
9 20.16 3.56 414.2003
10 22.4 3.56 568.176
11 24.64 3.56 756.2423
12 26.88 3.56 981.8081 13 29.12 3.56 1248.283
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 180
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Power Curve
Wind Spees (m/s )
Pow
er O
utpu
t (W
)Cut in Speed
Rated Wind Speed
HEATING SUBSYSTEM
Options studied and justification Enclose bus station
Much more expensive Less efficient
Radiant Heaters Heats people without heating air Heats up in seconds Safe, clean, and requires minimum
maintenance
HEATING SUBSYSTEM
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Standards
3200W 60° clear quartz lamps infrared heater
100% efficient 96% radiant efficiency 4% loss to convective heat
Lamps Life Expectancy: 5000 hours
STORAGE SUBSYSTEM
Options studied and justification Deep Cycle Battery No battery and connect to grid
No Battery option was chosen Use grid as an indirect way to store energy Sell power back to the grid when not needed,
and take it back for the load Why not battery?
Battery capacity decreases significantly in cold weather
Avoid efficiency losses in charging and discharging battery
WHAT IS NET METERING? Net metering is a electricity policy for consumers who own
renewable energy systems, such as wind or solar power.
If you are generating more power than you need, power flows back to the utility grid, spinning the existing electricity meter backwards.
When the heater is turned off and the system is still producing electricity, a utility company would purchases that excess electricity at the wholesale price. Additionally, net metering allows the meter to literally be set back.
PIC MICROCONTROLLER Programmed Using assembly language Programmed for time schedule MPLAB to convert the
program that is written into a format that the PIC understands MPLAB is windows based, and includes an editor, simulator, and
assembler format that the PIC understands
8086/8088 INTEL MICROPROCESSOR
PROTOTYPE SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
Wind Turbine
Battery Inverter Timer
Radiant Heater
Generator
PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
The wind force produces an rpm at the turbine shaft which is affected by a tip speed ratio
The wind turbine was theoretically designed to produce around 14.4 volts out of the generator in around 10 to 12mph winds.
Actual testing of the prototype wind turbine produced our target charging voltage around 14.37 mph
PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
To produce the necessary rpm for the generator there has to be a gearing system implemented The gearing system used was a V-Belt and pulley
system
The ratio found for the gearing was 5:4 ratio
PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
Turbine Blade Base The upper and lower base
of the turbine is made of wooden plates 20” in diameter.
The blades of the turbine were placed on the template on the base.
Blade placement and curvature.
The total area was calculated to be 24.3ft2
PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
Wind turbine Blades and placement The blades are made out of thin aluminum
sheets for its light weight and structural rigidity.
The curvature of the aluminum also serves as structural support
PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
Bearings Flange and Caster
Figure : Flange Bearing Engineering Drawing
Figure : Caster Bearing Engineering Drawing
PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
Wind speed (mph)
power at shaft (watts)
rpm at shaft
Rpm at shaft
tsr=90%
torque at shaft (N-m)
2.24 0.78 31.51 28.36 0.26
3.36 2.65 47.27 42.54 0.59
4.47 6.27 63.02 56.72 1.06
5.59 12.25 78.78 70.90 1.65
6.71 21.16 94.54 85.08 2.38
7.83 33.60 110.29 99.26 3.23
8.95 50.16 126.05 113.44 4.22
10.07 71.42 141.80 127.62 5.34
11.18 97.97 157.56 141.80 6.60
12.30 130.40 173.32 155.99 7.98
13.42 169.29 189.07 170.17 9.5014.54 215.24 204.83 184.35 11.15
rpm Voltage Current (Amps)
power (Watts)
Torque (N-M)
116.13 9.84 0.16 1.59 0.13
120.97 10.29 0.16 1.66 0.13
125.81 10.74 0.16 1.73 0.13
130.65 11.19 0.16 1.81 0.13
135.48 11.65 0.16 1.88 0.13
140.32 12.10 0.16 1.95 0.13
145.16 12.55 0.16 2.02 0.13
150.00 13.00 0.16 2.10 0.13
154.84 13.45 0.16 2.17 0.13
159.68 13.90 0.32 4.48 0.27
164.52 14.35 0.48 6.95 0.40
169.35 14.81 0.65 9.55 0.54
GeneratorWind Turbine
Testing results
PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
Test runs wind speed (mph) left
voltage
startup speed (avg) 6 4.12
13.1 14.46
13.4 14.46 15.4 14.8 15.8 14.4 15.4 14.04 14.6 14.8 14 14.3 13.4 14.2
Test runs wind speed (mph) left
voltage
6.7 4.37 11.34 12.27 12.2 12.88 12.8 13.11 14.3 14.41 16.2 15.6 14.1 14.3
PARTS USED FOR BUILDING THE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OF THE PROTOTYPE
PMA Generator 12 Volt Battery 400 W Inverter 555 Timer 12 Volt Relay 125 W Infrared
Lamp
Project overview Design System
Cost: $ 5,188 Prototype System
Cost: $ 604
Project outcome Future
Implementations Specific Location
Wind Study Larger Turbine Controller Design
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The team would like to express our gratitude to those who made this project possible.
David Williams Dr. Ahmad Al Banna Brian Snow Ross O’Connor Justin Harrell, P.E.
QUESTIONS
31