HOTEL RESERVATION SYSTEM USING VIRTUAL

REALITY

WAN NORTASHA ATIRAH BINTI WAN MOHD RODZI

BACHELOR OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(INTERACTIVE MEDIA)

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2018

HOTEL RESERVATION SYSTEM USING VIRTUAL

REALITY

WAN NORTASHA ATIRAH BINTI WAN MOHD RODZI

Bachelor of Information Technology (Interactive Media)

Faculty of Informatics and Computing

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia

DECEMBER 2018

i

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for quotations and

citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been

previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan Zainal

Abidin or other institutions.

Name : Wan Nortasha Atirah Binti Wan Mohd Rodzi

Date : ……………………………………………….

ii

CONFIRMATION

This is to confirm that:

The research conducted and the writing of this report was under my supervision.

Name : Mr. Mohd Kamir Bin Yusof

Date : ……………………………..

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful Alhamdulillah, all

praises to Allah for the strengths and His blessing in completing this thesis. Special

appreciation goes to my supervisor, Mr. Mohd Kamir bin Yusof, for his supervision

and constant support. His invaluable help of constructive comments and suggestions

throughout this project have contributed to the success of this research.

Sincere thanks to all my friends for their kindness and moral support during my

study. Thanks for giving me guidance and tips for this project. Thank you so much

for the friendship and memories.

Last but not least, my deepest gratitude goes to my beloved parents; Mr. Wan Mohd

Rodzi bin Wan Rawi and Mrs. Rohani binti Mohamad and also my siblings for their

endless love, prayers, constant money flow and encouragement. To those who

indirectly contributed in this research, your kindness means a lot to me. Thank you

very much.

iv

ABSTRACT

Hotel Reservation System using Virtual Reality 360o view is a system that focus

on reserving a room hotel via a website and it includes a 360o view in each room that

the user choose. The problem that user face nowadays is the website that they were

using only show certain part of the room and it does not satisfy them. More than that,

certain website sometimes does not provide the picture of the room hotel at all. It may

be difficult for the user to choose the hotel that they want based on their interest plus it

takes time to choose the product exactly with their need. The main objective of this

website is made to develop the hotel reservation system with an interactive way by

including the 360o view. This system will use hypertext pre-processor (PHP) method

and MySQL for the web development. Hopefully, this system will be successfully

developed and can satisfy all the user need in the future.

v

ABSTRAK

Sistem Tempahan Hotel menggunakan pandangan Virtual Reality 360o adalah sistem

yang memberi tumpuan kepada menempah sebuah hotel bilik melalui laman web dan

ia termasuk pandangan 360o di setiap bilik yang pengguna pilih. Masalah yang dihadapi

oleh pengguna hari ini adalah laman web yang mereka gunakan hanya menunjukkan

bahagian tertentu bilik dan tidak memuaskan mereka. Lebih daripada itu, sesetengah

laman web kadang-kadang tidak memberikan gambaran hotel bilik sama sekali. Ia

mungkin sukar bagi pengguna untuk memilih hotel yang mereka mahu berdasarkan

minat mereka dan memerlukan masa untuk memilih produk dengan tepat dengan

keperluan mereka. Objektif utama laman web ini dibuat untuk membangunkan sistem

tempahan hotel dengan cara interaktif dengan memasukkan pandangan 360o. Sistem ini

akan menggunakan kaedah pra-pemproses hiperteks (PHP) dan mySQL untuk

pembangunan web. Mudah-mudahan, sistem ini akan berjaya dibangunkan dan dapat

memuaskan semua keperluan pengguna di masa depan

CONTENTS

vi

PAGE

DECLARATION i

CONFIRMATION ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

ABSTRACT iv

ABSTRAK v

CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES x

LIST OF FIGURES xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Problem Statement 2

1.3 Objective 2

1.4 Scope 3

1.5 Limitation of Work 4

1.6 Report Structure 4

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

vii

2.1 Introduction 5

2.2 Hotel Reservation System 5

2.2.1 Reservation systems for Shangri La 7

Hotel Singapore

2.2.2 Reservation systems for Hotel Swiss-Garden 8

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2.2.3 Reservation systems for Marco Polo 9

Guesthouse

2.2.4 Reservation systems for The Microtel 10

Inn & Suites by Wyndham Manila

2.3 Comparison of the Hotel Reservation System 11

2.4 Virtual Reality Technology 12

2.4.1 Virtual Reality in Training and education 13

2.4.2 Virtual Reality in Telepresence 14

and Teleoperating

2.4.3 Virtual Reality in Cooperative working 14

2.4.4 Virtual reality in Entertainment 15

viii

2.5 Chapter summary 16

CHAPTER III PROJECT METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 17

3.2 Research Methodology 18

3.3 Problem definition 19

3.4 Data collection 19

3.4.1 Observation 20

3.5 System Development Methodology 21

3.5.1 Initial Planning Phase 22

3.5.2 Planning Phase 22

3.5.3 Requirement Phase 22

3.5.4 Analysis and Design Phase 23

3.5.5 Implementation Phase 23

3.5.6 Testing Phase 23

3.5.7 Evaluation Phase 24

3.5.8 Deployment Phase 24

3.6 System requirement 24

ix

3.6.1 Software Requirement 25

3.6.2 Hardware Requirement 26

3.7 System Design 26

3.7.1 Framework Design 27

3.7.2 Context Diagram 28

3.7.3 Entity Relationship Diagram 29

3.7.4 Data Flow Diagram 31

3.7.5 Detailed data flow diagram 32

3.7.5.1 DFD level 1 for process 4.0 Room 32

3.7.5.2 DFD level 1 for process 5.0 Roomtype 33

3.7.5.3 DFD level 1 for process 6.0 Reservations 34

3.7.5.4 DFD level 1 for process 7.0 Payment 35

3.7.5.5 DFD level 1 for process 8.0 Generate report 36

3.8 Chapter Summary 37

LIST OF TABLES

x

TABLE TITLE PAGE

1.1 Table of Activities and Milestone 4

2.1 Comparative among four (4) existing system 11

3.1 Table of Software Requirement 24

3.2 Table of Hardware Requirement 24

LIST OF FIGURES

xi

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

3.1 Types of Research 18

3.2 Iterative Development Model 20

3.3 Framework of Hotel Reservation System 25

3.4 CD of Hotel Reservation System 26

3.5 ERD of Hotel Reservation System (part 1) 27

3.6 ERD of Hotel Reservation System (part 2) 28

3.7 DFD of Hotel Reservation System 29

3.8 DFD level 1 for process 4.0 Room 32

3.9 DFD level 1 for process 5.0 Roomtype 33

3.10 DFD level 1 for process 6.0 Reservations 34

3.11 DFD level 1 for process 7.0 Payment 35

3.12 DFD level 1 for process 8.0 Generate report 36

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / TERMS / SYMBOLS

xii

VR Virtual Reality

CD Context Diagram

ERD Entity Relationship Diagram

DFD Data Flow Diagram

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Since the beginning, many technology have been created for all the people

around the world. Most of the lifetime need to use the technology like computer to do

daily task. From teenagers to adult, the computer is consider the must have item

nowadays. Of course, this helps people to ease their work like flight ticket booking,

finding location via GPS and etc. Among the function that everyone might use the

computer no matter whether it is laptop, PC or even smart phone, there is one function

that frequently being used. The function that everyone always use is online reservation

system. Online booking is such a blessing of technology especially for those, who wants

to save their time. Now you can just sit anywhere, anytime and just book any hotel that

you are interested with.

Online Hotel Reservation with virtual reality is a platform where people can

book their desired room in a hotel. In this system, there will be a 360o view provided in

every angle of the hotel room. User can access the system and will be able to search

information, making reservation and payment easily.

2

1.2 Problem Statement

Based on my research, there are several problems that faced by the user in using

the current hotel reservation systems.

i. Many of current systems only shows certain part

ii. There were no new technology used in current systems which actually can

attract more users in the future.

iii. Some of the hotel reservation systems process are complicated to use and it

can be difficult for a new potential user to book their hotel.

1.3 Objective

The objective for developing this system is listed as below:-

i. To study the existing techniques based on the method used and able to

function without any problem.

ii. To design a system called hotel reservation system in viewing 360o picture

using PHP method and virtual reality technology.

iii. To develop the hotel reservation system with an interactive way by including

the 360o view.

3

1.4 Scope

The scope for this system is explained on the following given;-

i. Technology

- To develop this system, hypertext pre-processor (PHP) programming

language will be used in order to make the system works. More than that,

MySQL also make part as it will store all the information in the database

system. To make this systems complete, virtual reality technology will

be included for make it way more interactive.

ii. Module

- User will access the system and search for information about the room

that they want.

- User can also choose room and make reservation through the system

easily by providing their details.

- To make sure that the reservation is successful, user must make payment.

iii. User

- The user that will make part in this system is admin and guest.

4

1.5 Limitation of Work

There are some limitations of work since the proposed system only covers some

certain aspects such as:-

- This system is specially designed for the use of a hotel only.

- The system cannot be generalized with other hotel because of the

different facilities provided and the difference nature of study

1.7 Report Structure

Chapter 1 describes about overview or project background, objectives, scope,

and limitations of works. Literature review or related works will be discussed in Chapter

2. Meanwhile, methodology of system application development will be described in

Chapter 3.

5

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter will discuss further about the research and retrieve of other similar system

that have been develop as a guidance and referral. To fulfil the requirement needed from

previous chapter, every system or research document that have similarity in objective

will be analyse and to be compared in order to find any weakness and overcome the

problem.

2.2 Hotel Reservation System

As we all know, there are a lot of online hotel reservation systems that can be

use worldwide. The main reason why this online hotel reservation systems become

popular and being used by everyone in their everyday life is because it is easy to view

the hotel that they want, to know the price per night and there are pictures that provided

for every single room in the websites. Users go online to deal with the hotel that they

want. Going from one physical store to the next can be a tiring process. Jumping from

one hotel website to the next via the internet is easy and faster.

6

Hotel reservation system commonly known as a central reservation system

(CRS). It is a computerized system that stores and distributes information of a hotel,

resort or other lodging facilities. A CRS offers assistance to hoteliers to manage all of

their online marketing and sales where they can upload their rates and service

availabilities to be seen by sales channels. The list of main modules that are present in

a CRS are content, information stored on a CRS and reporting. Content consists of

reservations, profiles, groups and blocks, rate and inventory control, administration,

global distribution interface, and web-based interface.

Information commonly stored in a CRS consists of room types, rate plans

architecture, room rates and conditions ( guarantee, deposit, customized cancellation

rules, minimum length of stay, maximum length of stay, closed to arrival, arrival not

allowed, departure not allowed, etc) room inventories, generic hotel information (

address , phone number, fax number ), reservation information. The CRS reporting

module provides a number of standard reports. System reports may be generated

automatically and may be run daily, weekly, monthly, yearly. It includes expected

arrivals, reservation, and property forecast, total booking activity, stay activity, monthly

booking activity, daily booking activity and property detail .

7

2.2.1 Reservation systems for Shangri La Hotel Singapore

Shangri-La Sentosa Resort In Singapore is one of the hotel chains for Shangri-

La Corporation. It is a corporation that provides hotel, resort and residences. Their

website consists of many useful functions and is purposed at providing the hotel’s

information as well as an online reservation system. Visitors can get the hotel

information such as hotel location, room rates, promotions, room description, photo

gallery and other hotel facilities from their website (Richard, Akwasi, & Emmanuel,

2014).

There are also the picture of the hotel’s room provided for each of the hotel that

user choose to see. For business person usage, the website provides a function, which

is called meeting planner to assist them to plan their meetings. The structure of this

website is well organized and easy to navigate through. Visistors may get a lot of

information from this website. The content of the website is normally up-to-date. There

are important things to apply in developing a system, as information is crucial for

potential guests. The system must make sure that potential guests get the correct

information, such as room rates and hotel location.

8

2.2.2 Reservation systems for Hotel Swiss-Garden Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Swiss garden hotel is a well edified hotel located in Kuala Terengganu. Its

website consists of several functions and aims at providing customers accurate

information about the hotel as well as their online reservation system. Visitors can get

hotel information such as location of hotel, room rates, room description and hotel

facilities. The reservation process requires guests to fill their details on a reservation

form.

Reservation is guaranteed by giving credit card details or by cash deposit. Their

online system user friendly. Guests can browse through to get information easily. This

online systems also provide picture of each type of the room user choose. Instead of

using words to explain the room condition, it is more suitable for guests to see the

picture itself. In addition, they also provide their location and contact number to ease

their potential customers in case there will be problems or etc. The disadvantages of

their online system is that there is no telephone/mobile phone number to enable

customers reach them. They only provide the physical address (Richard, Akwasi, &

Emmanuel, 2014).

9

2.2.3 Reservation systems for Marco Polo Guesthouse

The core functions of Marco Polo Guesthouse online reservation system are to

provide online room reservation, hotel information and tourist information. Visitors can

get the guesthouse information such as location, room rates, room description and other

facilities.

In addition, guest can get the tourist information of the place where Marco Polo

Guesthouse is located. This online system appears to have multi functions, in addition

to online reservation system. Visitors may get know more about the place they are going

to stay, and have make sure they had a select a right place to stay. The online system

had stated out the contact person’s number and email clearly. In case visitors have any

question, they can call or write to the contact person. Suggestions from guest are good

to help the hotel business growing. Anyway, the online system did not provide an instant

booking system. Guests will have to wait for cormfirmation within 24 hours after their

booking.

To enhance the current system, system is developed to enables guest have

availability to check and instant confirmation of the booking. The purpose of this feature

is to save valuable time and to cut cost, as it will eliminate email exchanges between

guests and reservations department. Valuable reservations staff time is saved because

reservation requests will no longer have to be processed. Although the online system

had included the picture for the bedroom, kitchen and dining room, visitors did not able

to view the whole room for every angle of the room (Loraine Villa, 2001) .

10

2.2.4 Reservation systems for The Microtel Inn & Suites by Wyndham Manila

The Microtel Inn & Suites by Wyndham Manila is strategically situated near

SMX convention Center, SM Mall of Asia and Ninoy Aquino International Airport.

This hotel does not offer room only rate. Microtel by Wyndham stands out from other

properties because of the system wide design of its buildings and furnishings that stress

function, comfort, and convenience, while at the same time meeting international

quality standards. The online system did not provide an instant booking system. Guests

will have to wait for confirmation within 24 hours after their booking.

To enhance the current system, system is developed to enables guest have

availability checks and instant confirmation of the booking. The purpose of this feature

is to save valuable time and to cut cost, as it will eliminate email exchanges between

guests and reservation department. Valuable reservations staff time is saved because

reservation requests will no longer have to be processed (Loraine Villa, 2001).

11

2.3 Comparison of the Hotel Reservation System

The comparative about four (4) different existing Hotel Reservation Systems

stated in Table 2.1.

Current System Author Advantages Disadvantages

Shangri-La Hotel

Singapore

Richard

Bemile,

Akwasi

Achampong

and Emmanuel

Danquah

- Consists of

many useful

information

- Only shows

certain part or the

hotel room

Swiss Garden Hotel

Kuala Lumpur

Richard

Bemile,

Akwasi

Achampong

and Emmanuel

Danquah

- User friendly

system

- Too much words

Marco Polo

Guesthouse

Loraine

Villanueva

- Multifunction

system

- No room picture

provided

- Did not provide

instant booking

The Microtel Inn &

Suites

Loraine

Villanueva

- Ease user to

find hotel

nearby

- Did not provide

instant booking

Table 2.1: Comparative among four (4) existing system

12

2.4 Virtual Reality Technology

Virtual reality (VR) was proposed by Jaron Lanier, founder of VPL research

(1989). The actual names for VR is actually virtual environment (VE). VR simulates

the virtual world around us that makes user think of being in a real world (virtually

created). A true virtual environment must include two things which are immersion and

interactivity. Head Mounted Device (HMD), PCs and graphics software is used in

virtual reality to perform immersion and input devices such as joystick, datagloves and

different kind of sensors for user interaction.

Virtual Reality (VR) can be seen as an artificial environment which is created

using hardware and software presented to the user in such a way that they come to

believe that it’s a real environment. VR can be experienced through senses like sight,

sound and touch. Virtual Reality (VR) is stimulating the human senses in such a way

that a virtually created world is experienced as real world. In order to get a true

immersion of reality in virtual environment, it is necessary for the user to have influence

on this.

A technology inherited from VR which connects the virtual objects with real

world object is Augmented Reality (AR). Purpose of both technologies is the same but

they are different in terms of their use and expandability. VR is used to simulate the

computer images within a room area whereas AR connects the virtual world with the

real world by using some wearable devices like Google Glassl from Google Inc. and

Holo Lencel from Microsoft Inc. Augmented Reality is more complex than virtual

reality as it deals (interact) with real world objects. Virtual Reality has become more

popular in the last decade as whole world started using it in simulation of real object,

Virtual Training, Education, Business etc (Mishra, 2016).

13

2.4.1 Virtual Reality in Training and education

The use of flight simulators has a long history and we can consider them as the

precursors of today’s VR. First such applications were reported in late 1950s and were

constantly improved in many research institutes mainly for the military purposes.

Nowadays, they are used by many civil companies as well because they offer lower

operating costs than the real aircraft flight training and they are much safer.

In other disciplines where training is necessary, simulations have also offered

big benefits. Therefore they were prosperously applied for determining the efficiency

of virtual reality training of astronauts by performing hazardous tasks in the space.

Another applications that allow training of medicine students in performing

endosurgery, operations of the eye and the leg were proposed in recent years. And

finally, a virtual baseball coach has a big potential to be used in training and in

entertainment as well. One can say that virtual reality established itself in many

disciplines of human activities, as a medium that allows easier perception of data or

natural phenomena appearance.

Therefore the education purposes seem to be the most natural ones. The

intuitive presentation of construction rules, visiting a virtual museum, virtual museum,

virtual painting studio or virtual music playing are just few examples of possible

applications. Lastly, thanks to the enhanced user interface with broader input and output

channels, VR allows people with disabilities to use computers (Tomasz & Michael,

1996).

14

2.4.2 Virtual Reality in Telepresence and teleoperating

Although the goal of telerobotics is autonomous operation, a supervising human

operator is still required in most of cases. Telepresence is a technology that allows

people to operate in remote environments by means of VR user interfaces. In many

cases this form of remote control is the only possibility. The distant environment may

be hazardous to human health or life, and no other technology supports such a high level

of dexterity of operation. The nanomanipulator project shows a different aspect of

telepresence – operating in environment, remote in terms of scale. This system that uses

a HMD and force feedback manipulation allows a scientist to see a microscope view,

feel and manipulate the surface of the sample. As the same category, the mentioned

already before eye surgery system, might be considered beyond its training capabilities

and remote operation, it offers the scaling of movements (by factor 1 to 100) for precise

surgery. In fact it may be also called a centimanipulator (Tomasz & Michael, 1996).

2.4.3 Virtual Reality in Cooperative working

Network based, shared virtual environments are likely to ease the collaboration

between remote users. The higher bandwidth of information passing may be used for

cooperative working. The big potential of applications in this field, has been noticed

and multi user VR becomes the focus of many research programs. Although these

projects are very promising, their realistic value will be determined in practice. Just to

mention a collaborative CO-CAD desktop system that enables a group of engineers to

work together within a shared virtual workspace. Other significant examples of

distributed VR systems are training applications in inspection of hazardous area by

15

multiple soldiers or in performing complex tasks in open space by astronauts (Tomasz

& Michael, 1996).

2.4.4 Virtual reality in entertainment

Constantly decreasing prices and constantly growing power of hardware has

finally brought VR to the masses. It has found application in the entertainment. The

market for home entertainment is rapidly expanding. Video game vendors like SEGA

and Nintendo sell simple VR games, and there is also an increasing variety of low cost

PC-based VR devices. Prominent examples include the Insidetrak (a simplified PC

version of the Polhemus Fastrak ), i-glasses ( a low cost see through HMD ) or Mattel

PowerGlove.

Virtual reality recently went to Hoolywood – Facial Waldo and VActor systems

developed by SimGraphics allow to “sample any emotion on an actor’s face of any

cartoon character”. The application field is enormous. VActor system has been used to

create commercial impressive videos with ultra-low cost, USD10 a second where the

today’s industry standard is USD1,000 a second. Moreover, it may be used in live

presentations, and might be also extended to simulate body movements (Tomasz &

Michael, 1996).

16

2.5 Chapter Summary

In this chapter, from what have been explained in the above page, there are many

hotel reservations which have similarities with one to another. They provide their

customers information, the ability to make online reservations and online payment. Based

on the research, the other hotel reservations systems are quite same with this project except

for they did not provide a panoramic view to the visitors. Hopefully this chapter would

provide an overview regarding the concept of the system, based on the study that has been

made it show that literature review is one of the important part in research or study of new

idea since by making the literature review we could know whether the idea has been study

or not. Literature review important to ensure that there is no repeated study on the same

topic that has been done before.

17

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter will explained details about methodology being used in software

development. The project methodology should be organized in a scientific investigation

to solve problems, hunting for facts or truth about the subject to make sure this project

to make sure this project complete and working well. It is important step of development

since it will guide researcher through software development. In order to plan a good

project, it should start with better understanding on user requirement. The nature of the

problem is studied and related idea of knowledge is identified. Research paper about

related works are collected and system which is quite similar is reviewed to understand

on how others have approach or dealt with problems.

18

3.2 Research Methodology

Before we start in discuss the different types of research methodologies we have

to define the research. In an academic context, research is used to refer to the activity

of a diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation in an area, with the objective of

discovering or revising facts, theories, applications etc. The goal is to discover and

disseminate new knowledge.

Figure 3.1: Types of Research

19

3.3 Problem definition

Problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved, a

difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in

theory, or in practice that points to the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate

investigation. In some social science disciplines the research problem is typically posed

in the form of a question. A research problem does not state how to do something, offer

a vague or broad proposition, or present a value question. As in this project , the problem

that has to be improve is many of the current systems only shows certain part of the

hotel room. This could not satisfy the users. Moreover , there were no new technology

used and some of the reservation systems were complicated to use.

3.4 Data collection

We have previously seen some major steps of research such as how to select a

topic, what method and approach to select, where to find reading materials, and, above

all, how to manage time. They all prepared you to the upcoming and equally important

stage. This summary is an attempt to bring forth all that is related to the data collection

process. It will first highlight some access and ethical issues that one may encounter

while collecting data and the ways to overcome them. Second, it will present the various

sampling techniques. Third, it will go through all the different methods and techniques

that one could follow in collecting data such as questionnaires, documents, interviews

and etc. Then it will look at the possible ways to keep them recorded. Last but not

least, it will shed light on some tips and advice in order to avoid psychological pitfalls

while pursuing data collection (Kothari, 2004).

20

3.4.1 Observations

For the purposes of this research, the primary data is collected by making

observation. This method implies the collection of information by way of own

observation. The information obtained relates to what is currently happening and is not

complicated by either the past behaviour or future intentions. The main advantage of

this method is that subjective bias is eliminated, if observations are done accurately.

Observation is time consuming, and in the hope of saving time, one can pre-

structure the observation session but at the risk of losing important details and flexibility

(Kothari, 2004). If the observation technique is focused on observing the participants’

reaction to stimuli and analyzing it, the researcher has moved towards the experimental

approach. If on the other hand the researcher actively participates in the process then it

looks more like action research.

21

3.5 System Development Methodology

An iterative life cycle model is the most suitable model because this model allow

us to track the defects at early stages. This avoids the downward flow of the defects.

From this model also we can get the reliable user feedback. When presenting sketches

and blueprints of the system to users for their feedback, we are effectively asking them

to imagine how the product will work. Figure 7 explained about the steps in this model.

Eight stages are involved which are Initial Planning, planning, requirements, analysis

and design, implementation, evaluation, testing and the last one deployment.

Figure 3.2 : Iterative Development Model

22

3.5.1 Initial Planning Phase

During this phase, all the activities were planned according to a given period

to complete this system, starting with discussion the ideas with supervisor and proposed

the title of the project. From the discussion, I decided to choose a title ‘Hotel

Reservation System using Virtual Reality ‘.

3.5.2 Planning Phase

After deciding the project title, the discussion was continued on defining the

problem statements, objectives, gantt chart and the scope of this system. In order to get

the idea, the study about problem and define scope limitation of works on the existing

system has been done. As a result, we discover the most critical process is deciding the

best item for customer.

3.5.3 Requirement Phase

During this phase, the user and system requirement were identified in order to

develop a complete system. Based on the research on the internet, there were some

requirement that needs to be improved.

23

3.5.4 Analysis and Design Phase

In this phase, the designing of Context Diagram (CD), Entity Relationship

Diagram (ERD), and Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0 Level 1 was identified. In the

ERD design, the entities was identify involved in this system and the DFD process

shows the flow for each process that involved in proposed system.

3.5.5 Implementation Phase

During this phase, the process of writing coding begins. Each module or

process written in PHP language and for the database storing MySQL will be use. This

phase also known as a code generation phase.

3.5.6 Testing Phase

Each module is tested by insert inputs into system to check either the result is

correct or not in order to check error before release to end user. The unit testing was

applied on each module in the system such as login module. Each error that they

found in this system can be recovered since this methodology allowed to make

changing in the system. This phase is very important before release to the end user.

24

3.5.7 Evaluation Phase

During this phase, the overall module is presented. The system was evaluated

before deploying it to the end-users. It is to help evaluating the effectiveness of the

program and its tools, and provide possible recommendations to improve the solution

to fit best for the user and the needs of the program.

3.5.8 Deployment Phase

The deployment phase is the final phase. After the system has been tested, and

the system passes each testing phase, it means that it is ready to go live. This means that

the product is ready to be used in a real environment by all end users of the product.

3.6 System requirement

System requirement is a list of hardware and software required that will be use

to develop the system. Without those requirements, system may malfunction and does

not work properly.

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3.6.1 Software requirement

The software specification used from the beginning till the end of this project.

Table 3.1: Software requirement

Software Description

Notepad++ Software for coding and web

development. System is coded using

PHP as programming language

XAMPP A mini server which includes Apache,

MySQL(phpMyAdmin), Firezilla,

Mercury, and Tomcat.

Adobe Photoshop Software for editing image for the

system.

Windows 10 Professional Operating system which is used to

develop the system.

Windows Snipping Tools Software to capture screenshots of the

system.

Tourweaver Software to make the panoramic view

of an image

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3.6.2 Hardware requirement

The hardware or devices used to make sure all of the process in this projects

works well.

Table 3.2: Hardware requirement

Hardware Description

Dell Precision T1600 PC used to develop the system

External Hard Drive External storage to store final project

year project data for backup.

Printer To print document

3.7 System Design

System design is the process of defining the elements of a system such as

the architecture, modules and components, the different interfaces of those

components and the data that goes through that system. It is meant to

satisfy specific needs and requirements of a business or organization

through the engineering of a coherent and well-running system.

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3.7.1 Framework Design

Figure below shows that framework which include user, system and

database. Admin and guest will access the system. As for admin, they

will manage the system and the guest will be able to search information,

making reservation and payment. The details of the guest will be send to

the database.

User Hotel Reservation System Database

Figure 3.3: Framework of Hotel Reservation System

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3.7.2 Context Diagram (CD)

There are two main users involved in this system which are admin and

guest. Admin will be able to manage the system. The context diagram

will explain the functions of Admin and Guest with own capability to

do with their own authorization.

Figure 3.4: CD of Hotel Reservation System

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3.7.3 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

The specification tables that are involved in this system which contain

six table for the database.

Figure 3.5: ERD of Hotel Reservation System (part 1)

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Figure 3.6: ERD of Hotel Reservation System (part 2)

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3.7.4 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Figure below shows the Data Flow Diagram for this system. This system

need two entity which are Admin and Guest. The system also have five

data store which are user, roomType, room, reservation and account.

Figure 3.7: DFD of Hotel Reservation System

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3.7.5 Detailed data flow diagram

In this part, component in the data flow diagram level 0 will be breaks into

several parts.

3.7.5.1 DFD level 1 for process 4.0 Room

Figure 3.8 shows the details of managing room. This process is done by admin.

Admin can add room, update room, and delete room. Then, the info will be send to the

database.

Figure 3.8: DFD level 1 for process 4.0 Room

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3.7.5.2 DFD level 1 for 5.0 Room Type

Figure 3.9 shows that detail process of managing room type. This process will

be manage by admin. Admin can add room type, update room type and delete room

type. After that, the details will be send to the database.

Figure 3.9: DFD level 1 for 5.0 Room Type

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3.7.5.3 DFD level 1 for process 6.0 reservations

Figure 3.10 shows the detail process of reserving room. This process will be

done by user. User can reserve room and delete reservations. And the details will be

send to the database.

Figure 3.10: DFD level 1 for process 6.0 reservations

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3.7.5.4 DFD level 1 for process 7.0 payment

Figure 3.11 shows the detail process of payment. This action will be done by

users. The system will display the payment amount and user will make payment by

entering their card. Then, the payment details will be send to the database.

Figure 3.11: DFD level 1 for process 7.0 payment

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3.7.5.5 DFD level 1 for process 8.0 generate report

Figure 3.12 shows the detail process of generating report. This process will be

done by system and admin will receive the report based on what they have choose.

Figure 3.12: DFD level 1 for process 8.0 generate report

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3.8 Chapter Summary

In this chapter, we have discuss about the design model builds on the analysis

model. There are four design that had been showed throughout this chapter. The design

is Framework Design, Context Diagram, Entity Relationship Diagram and Data Flow

Diagram level 0. Each diagram explain the entity and its function that will be use and

implement to the system.

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References

Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research Methodology : Methods and Techniques. New Age

International.

Loraine Villa. (2001). Vienna Hotel Reservation System. San Pedro, Laguna: IETI College of

Science and Technology.

Mishra, D. (2016). Virtual Reality. IJLTEMAS, 5(1), 2278-2540.

Richard, B., Akwasi, A., & Emmanuel, D. (2014). Online Hotel Reservation System. IJISET -

International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technonolgy. 1(9).

Tomasz, M., & Michael, G. (1996). Virtual Reality History, Applications, Technology and

Future. Austria: Institute of Computer Graphics Vienna University of Technology.

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APPENDIX

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GANT CHART : PROJECT PLANNING