FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

HOUSING

RESEARCH ON FUTURE TRENDS IN

RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

SUBMITTED BY: VIEJA, MAX WERNER C.

SUBMITTED TO: AR. SAMPAN

AIM/CONTENT OF THE RESEARCH

This research contains facts and information about the occurring state of Residential

Development and the upcoming innovations on its planning and design.Due to the

people’s inceasing demand of dwellings and other luxury, engineers and achitects

came up of designs and plans to cater these to the people. That is what this

research was all about, to discuss the innovations in planning and design of these

“Future Trends in Residential Development”.

WHAT IS A RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT?

Residential development is real estate development for residential purposes. Some

such developments are called a subdivision, when theland is divided into lots

with houses constructed on each lot. Such developments became common during

the late nineteenth century, particularly in the form of streetcar suburbs.

In previous centuries, residential development was mainly of two kinds. Rich people

bought a townlot, hired an architect and/or contractor, and built a bespoke /

customized house or mansion for their family. Poor urban people lived

in shantytowns or in tenements built for rental. Single-family houses were seldom

built on speculation, that is for future sale to residents not yet identified. When cities

and the middle class expanded greatly and mortgage loans became commonplace,

a method that had been rare became commonplace to serve the expanding demand

for home ownership.

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Criticisms of residential developments may include:

They do not mesh well with the greater community. Some are isolated, with only

one entrance, or otherwise connected with the rest of the community in few

ways.

Being commuter towns, they serve no more purpose for the greater community

than other specialized settlements do, and thus require residents to go to the

greater community for commercial or other purposes. Whereas mixed-use

developments provide for commerce and other activities, thus residents need not

go as often to the greater community.

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1. GREEN HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

Green Housing (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to

both a structure and the using of processes that are environmentally

responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to

design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. In other

words, green building design involves finding the balance between homebuilding and

the sustainable environment. This requires close cooperation of the design team, the

architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building

practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of

economy, utility, durability, and comfort.

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating systems

for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings which

was Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council.

Considerations

1. Integrated design

2. Site, location, and neighborhood fabric

3. Site improvements

4. Water conservation

5. Energy efficiency

6. Materials that benefit the environment 3

7. Healthy living environment and

8. Operations and maintenance of properties

Examples

At Millenium City, a Japanese utopian community consisting of four residential

greenhouses, trees help monitor the interior temperatures and solar panels made

from plastic bottles provide heat for the water.

hile the 62-unit GreenCity Lofts in Oakland fell narrowly short of LEED Platinum

certification, it does exceed California's rigorous sustainability standards by 15

percent. A few more impressive stats: the project's steelsuperstructure was built from

90 percent postconsumer recycled content, and 95 percent of the demolition waste

from the construction was recycled.  4

2. PASSIVE HOMES

One of the most prevalent trends in the architectural world today is the shift towards a reduction in the consumption of energy; a reduction in carbon emissions, a focus on green principles.  The passive home deals with this entire issue of wasted energy and carbon emissions, and it’s because of this solution which PassivHaus provides which has made them the center of focus and architectural design thus far in 2014.

Passive home can save up to 90% in heating costs.  As a large chunk of the world’s energy consumption is gobbled up by the home, if only this trend became accessible to every single person, the positive impact on the world would be significant.

As the economic woes of the world start to lift, more and more governments will begin to offer PassivHaus grants and funding.  If this happens: This’ll be a trend which will have a very real impact in changing the world. Passive homes will be a strong trend in upcoming years.

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3. PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION

A prefabricated, informally a prefab, is a type of building that consists of several factory-built components or units that are assembled on-site to complete the unit.

With the development of manufacturing technology, investment into the whole area of prefabrication (especially in China) has helped move this trend into significance.This trend stretches far and wide, encompassing hotels, office buildings, sheds and end of garden builds.

The main draw of this trend are the monetary savings in which it offers.  The repetitive manufacturing process means savings in raw materials and saving in manpower.  Entire walls and furnished floor space are pre-made in a factory, which are then delivered direct to the plot, ready to be assembled in some giant Meccano like structure.

Project management is easier, build time is less, work force required is reduced; all money saving factors and all reasons why this is a growing trend which’ll continue to develop in 2014.

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A transit-oriented development (TOD) is a mixed-use residential and commercial

area designed to maximize access topublic transport, and often incorporates

features to encourage transit ridership. A TOD neighborhood typically has a center

with a transit station or stop (train station, metro station, tram stop, or bus stop),

surrounded by relatively high-density development with progressively lower-density

development spreading outward from the center.

Transit-oriented development, or TOD, is an approach to development that focuses

land uses around a transit station or within a transit corridor. Typically, it is

characterized by:

A mix of uses

Moderate to high density

Pedestrian orientation/connectivity

Transportation choices

Reduced parking

High quality design

The rule of thumb is that TOD occurs within one-quarter mile, or a five to seven

minute walk, of a transit station.

Rationale

Transit-oriented development is a response to current conditions:

Rising energy prices

Road congestion

Climate change

Shrinking household sizes

Increasing demand for urban living

Interest in green building and walkable neighborhoods

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CASE STUDIES:

GREEN HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

Case Study:Village Homes, Davis, California

When Village Homes was built in the 1970s, the local realtors refused to show anyone round the 70 acre, 240 home development because they didn’t think anyone would want to live there. There were no front roads, no storm drains, and the houses all faced the same way - for solar gain. Today, it is one of the most sought-after subdivisions in Davis, and Coldwell Banker Residential identified Village Homes as "Davis’s most desirable subdivision". The crime rate is 10th that of Davis as whole, and in 1995 the homes sold for 13% more than the equivalent-sized homes in a traditional post WWII subdivision located across the road.

Design Features

·         ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION: 12 acres of greenbelt & open space; 12 acres of common agricultural land.

·         DENSITY & URBAN DESIGN: A whole-systems approach to design. The houses are clustered into groups of 8 and are surrounded by common space. The early residents were responsible for the landscaping and design of the green space in front of their housing clusters. 25% of the acreage is open space (agricultural and recreational).

·         LOCAL ECONOMY: 4000 square feet of commercial office space. Thanks to the agricultural space, by 1989, much of the Village Homes residents’ food was being grown in the neighbourhood. The agricultural areas include commercial fruit and nut orchards, a commercial organic produce farm, home-scale garden plots and edible landscaping along pathways and roads.

·         TRANSPORTATION: Vehicle access is by the back lanes only, with pedestrian lanes for walking and cycling. The "front streets" are designed by the residents as grassy areas, gardens with shrubs, etc. Pedestrian paths and traffic calming designs with narrow streets encourage a strong sense of community and high property values. The compact design encourages residents to walk rather than drive for their daily needs. The grocery store is 10’ walk away, and the largest employer - the university - is nearby.

·         AFFORDABLE HOUSING: A ‘sweat equity’ programme allowed several low-income construction workers to buy homes, and some apartment units are part of the development project as well.

·         LIVABLE COMMUNITIES: The local Homeowners Association owns and manages the household commons, greenbelt commons, agricultural lands and the community center, and handles the revenues from office space and some rental units. There are frequent community events, and 80% of the residents participate in community activities.

·         Community barbecue pits encourage spontaneous evening gatherings. The turnover rate is very low, with most residents preferring to remodel and add on, rather than move to a larger home.

·         SEWAGE & STORMWATER: The narrower streets produce less stormwater run-off, which is handled by simple infiltration swales and on-site detention basins instead of storm drains, saving nearly $200,000 (1980 dollars). These savings were invested into public parks, walkways, gardens and other amenities.

·         ENERGY: All the houses are passive solar designed, with natural cooling and solar hot water. The overall design, with reduced pavement and more space for trees, lowers ambient air temperature and reduces the need for air-conditioning. Annual household bills are 1/2 to 1/3rd less than those of surrounding neighbourhoods, because of the locally grown food and the energy savings.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://freshome.com/2014/03/07/10-hottest-fresh-architecture-trends-2014/#ixzz3l0X5AcGe 

http://www.planningalliance.ca/

http://www.transitorienteddevelopment.org/

http://www.fastcodesign.com/

http://www.builddirect.com/