Houston hears how OI is kickstarting LNG projects · 488m-long Prelude floating LNG plant. (Image:...

The international resources sector recently had the opportunity to hear first-hand how UWA Oceans Institute researchers are underpinning the next generation of LNG projects.

That was the theme of a standing room

only, 45-minute presentation that

Professor David White gave to some 300

delegates at the Offshore Technology

Conference in Houston in May.

The conference is one of the world’s

foremost gatherings of professionals

involved in developing offshore resources,

with up to 60,000 people attending the

annual event.

Professor White is based at the Centre for

Offshore Foundation Systems (COFS),

which is part of The UWA Oceans Institute.

“Almost all the attendees at our

presentation were US-based oil and gas

professionals who were there to find out

about the emerging oil and gas

technology hub in Western Australia

and the huge LNG developments that

are underway,” he said.

Professor White gave an overview of

three major LNG projects being

developed in the Browse Basin off WA

– Shell’s recently announced Prelude

floating LNG plant; Woodside’s Browse

Basin development and Inpex’s Ichthys

project – and outlined the technical

challenges and solutions being devised

to make such projects a reality.

Those challenges include constructing

projects and their infrastructure in

extremely remote locations, coping with

the possibility of cyclones and huge

tides off WA’s northern coast, and

In this issue

Continued on Page 4

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Finding offshore solutions ... a computer-created image of the proposed

488m-long Prelude floating LNG plant. (Image: Shell Australia)

Oceans InstituteIssue 5 August 2011

www.oceans.uwa.edu.au

Houston hears how OI iskickstarting LNG projects

Shark Bay seagrass meadows

‘potentially an $8 billion carbon sink’

Homing in on the rock lobster’s habitat

Earth’s last frontier: and why we know

more about Mars than our oceans

OI vision takes shapeAnd Professor Pattiaratchi has been

appointed associate editor with the

prestigious journal Continental and Shelf

Research.

Our students are also making their mark:

Gabrielle Cummins and Amy Newman

won awards for their presentations at the

recent Australian Marine Sciences

Association conference; and Ryan

Kempster won first place in the

campus-wide, three minute thesis

competition at UWA. We are proud of

having these bright and promising

colleagues within our ranks.

Professor Krish Thiagarajan will be taking

on the new position of Professorial Chair

in Energy in the University of Maine (USA).

We wish Krish every success in his new

position. He has been an enthusiastic

member and supporter of the Oceans

Institute and we know we will have the

best possible ambassador for the

Oceans Institute.

With regards to the future, plans for the

refurbishment of Watermans Bay Marine

Research Centre and the on-campus

Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre

are taking shape. In effect, these

buildings are providing the physical

foundations for the vision being

developed for the Institute.

I had the opportunity to further elaborate

on that vision when I delivered my

Professional Oration at the UWA Club on

July 21, an event hosted by the Institute

of Advanced Studies.

With the contributions of all of us involved

at the Institute and UWA, that vision is

already taking shape.

Recent changes involving The UWA Oceans Institute are helping ensure that the momentum towards achieving our mission is continuing.

Winthrop Professor Mark Cassidy, ARC

Futures Fellow and Director of the Centre

for Offshore Foundations, has been

appointed Deputy Director. Both Mark

and I will be supported by the Ocean

Institute’s new Executive Assistant,

Lauren White, who joined us in April.

I wish to thank the past Acting Director

Winthrop Professor Gary Kendrick, a

pillar of the Oceans Institute, for getting

the Institute up and running. Gary will

continue to support the Oceans Institute

through his research and help contribute

to achieving the Institute’s vision which he

played a decisive role in formulating.

The strength of the Oceans Institute is

also reflected in the success of our

members in projects filed under the

Australian National Network in Marine

Science (ANNiMS), with two new

synthesis projects to be led by Professors

Jessica Meeuwig and Charitha

Pattiaratchi.

Chari has also obtained $6 million

funding to run the WA node of the

Integrated Marine Observing System

program (WAIMOS). As well, three

postdocs and one PhD student will join

the Oceans Institute with funding derived

from the competitive National

Environmental Research Program (NERP)

Marine Biodiversity Hub.

In other news, Professor Anya Waite has

been elected to the Board of Directors of

the American Society of Limnology and

Oceanography as a member-at-large.

Professor Carlos M. Duarte

Director

The UWA Oceans Institute

p2 IntErnatIonal ExcEllEncE In MarInE rESEarcH


Director’s welcome

p3IntErnatIonal ExcEllEncE In MarInE rESEarcH

tHE UWa ocEan InStItUtE Issue 5 August 2011

Shark Bay seagrass ‘potentially an $8 billion carbon sink’Shark Bay’s extensive seagrass meadows act as a massive carbon sink which stores more than eight billion dollars’ worth of carbon dioxide if valued according to the Federal Government’s proposed carbon price.

That’s the figure calculated by

researcher Professor Jim Fourqurean

who is part of a new global initiative

aimed at utilising seagrass meadows to

help mitigate climate change.

Professor Fourqurean has been

researching Shark Bay’s seagrasses as

part of his work with The UWA Oceans

Institute, where he has been the

Gledden Visiting Fellow, funded by

UWA’s Institute of Advanced Studies.

“Shark Bay’s seagrass meadows are a

vital habitat for dugongs and sea turtles,

and they provide the food for fisheries

such as the Shark Bay prawn and

scallop fisheries,” Professor Fourqurean

said.

“There are about 4,000 square

kilometres (400,000 hectares) of

seagrasses in the bay which places it

among the largest seagrass meadows

that have been recorded in the world.

“When you think of carbon storage and

ecosystems, you generally think of

canopies of trees, so a lot of attention

has gone into forests.

“But it turns out that there is as much

carbon on average stored in a seagrass

meadow as there is stored in a forest,

but it’s not stored as a living biomass

it’s stored as soil carbon.”

Professor Fourqurean has calculated

the amount of carbon dioxide stored in

the seagrass meadows, as part of work

involving his Oceans Institute colleagues

Winthrop Professor Gary Kendrick and

Emeritus Professor Di Walker who are

undertaking a Caring for Our Country

project funded by the Australian

Government.

“My average number is 884 tonnes CO2

equivalents per hectare,” he says.

“So if you multiply that 884 tonnes of

CO2 times 400,000 hectares of

seagrass, you get about 350,000,000

tonnes of carbon stored in the seagrass

meadows underneath Shark Bay.”

Climate mitigation

The Federal Government proposes

introducing a carbon tax which prices

carbon at $23 per tonne, which means

the seagrass carbon offset is potentially

worth a considerable amount.

“So about $8.13 billion of carbon is

stored in the seagrass meadows of

Shark Bay – if that carbon had a price

on it in the world market.”

Professor Fourqurean is involved in the

Blue Carbon initiative, along with UWA

Oceans Institute Director Professor

Carlos Duarte. The initiative is a

relatively new international scientific

body aiming to preserve seagrass

habitats as a climate mitigation strategy.

Part of the work is exploring the

monetary value of the carbon in

seagrass meadows as part of a

possible offset scheme.

“One of the reasons we’re doing

that is seagrasses are disappearing

at a rate faster than the rate at

which coral reefs are disappearing

and the tropical forests are

disappearing,” he says.

“It’s not a simple policy issue to

solve, because a lot of marine

environments don’t have a single

owner.

“And the reason seagrasses are

disappearing is not because of land

conversion, like tropical forests are

being lost – usually seagrasses are

lost because of poor watershed

management practices and

declining water quality near shore.

“So trying to figure out how to

capture carbon credits to pay for

the maintenance and the reduction

of the loss – or maybe even the

creation of new seagrass meadows

in order to increase the carbon

storage – is conceptually difficult.”

(See also P.16 – WA seagrass

facing extinction)

A multi-billion dollar carbon sink ... Professor Jim Fourqurean studies the seagrasses of Shark Bay. (Photo: Gary Kendrick)



LNG projects Continued from Page 1

securing the foundations and anchors

of offshore platforms and pipelines.

Professor White also showcased a new

system of using grooved foundation

piles to fix them more securely to the

seabed, which has been adopted on a

recent project located offshore

Australia. This solution had been

devised by research graduates from

COFS, working at the Perth-based

consultancy Advanced Geomechanics.

“This ‘groovy’ pile foundation is unique

worldwide,” Professor White said. “It

represents the latest generation of

novel foundation types that have been

Professor White said in the past

three years, COFS had carried out

specific studies for nine different

projects – five in WA – to help them

develop long pipelines networks far

from shore.

“These studies involved test

programs using the centrifuge

modelling technology we developed

at UWA in 2007, when we began

investigating how pipelines interact

with the seabed,” he said.

“Within four years of this beginning

as a research topic, it has matured

into a technology that is routinely

applied in design, utilising unique

centrifuge modelling techniques

developed at UWA.”

designed to suit the unusual geotechnical

conditions offshore Western Australia.”

He explained to his audience that virtually

all of the Australian oil and gas industry is

now headquartered in Perth, and that

Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems

is an example of an oil and gas

technology centre that has sprung up to

support the industry.

“COFS already has a high profile in

Houston, through collaborations with the

US-based operators, many of whom are

joint venturers in WA’s projects,” he said.

“There’s been great support from

overseas operators for COFS to be

nurtured in WA, because they know they

want a local technology centre that’s

close to these projects, and understands

the local issues.”

OI Deputy Director appointedWinthrop Professor Mark Cassidy has been appointed the inaugural Deputy Director of the Oceans Institute.

Professor Cassidy is also the Director

of the Centre for Offshore Foundation

Systems (COFS) which is part of the

Oceans Institute.

Randolph a Royal FellowWinthrop Professor Mark Randolph has been elected to the prestigious Royal Society.

Professor Randolph, a civil engineer, is a former Federation Fellow and

research leader at the Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems (COFS)

which he founded in 1997.

Professor Randolph was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May. He is

the second member of the Ocean Institute to be elected to the society. Last

year, Winthrop Professor Malcolm McCulloch was also elected a Fellow.

The Royal Society is the world’s oldest scientific academy and includes

some the world’s leading scientists and researchers. Past Fellows include

Charles Darwin, Sir Isaac Newtown and Albert Einstein.

He will continue in his role as the Director of

COFS, which is an international leader in

offshore geotechnical engineering research.

COFS has some 40 staff and houses

world-leading experimental facilities supporting

the offshore oil and gas industry.

Professor Cassidy has a distinguished

academic and research record. He is an ARC

Future Fellow and won the 2007 Malcolm

McIntosh Prize for Physical Scientist of the Year.Winthrop Professor Mark Cassidy.

Winthrop Professor Mark Randolph.

Homing in on the rock lobster’s habitat

The western rock lobster is the source of Australia’s most lucrative single-species fishery, yet surprisingly little is known about where it likes to live.

Associate Professor Kimberly Van Niel

and Dr Renae Hovey from The UWA

Oceans Institute are using underwater

video cameras and statistical modelling

to discover exactly what types of

habitats the western rock lobster

(Panulirus cygnus) prefers.

By shedding light on which areas are

most important to the species, the

research could eventually lead to a

more sustainable lobster industry.

“We’re working on something that’s

really cryptic,” says Professor Van Niel.

“Little is known about its spatial

ecology in terms of what habitats it

likes, and how it uses different habitats

in different ways.”

The western rock lobster’s complex and

often deep-sea lifestyle make it a difficult

species to study, she says. “A lobster

starts its life as plankton, moving with the

ocean currents. After several months they

moult into the free-living puerulus stage

and swim towards the coast, settling on

inshore reefs,” Professor Van Niel

explains.

“Nearing maturity, they begin to migrate to

deep waters, beyond where we can see

them. So it’s hard to study where they’re

living, what habitats provide the best food

and shelter, and how far out they go.”

Sea floor photos

Professor Van Niel and Dr Hovey are

analysing three years of pot catch records

from sites off the coast of Jurien Bay. By

using autonomous underwater vehicles

(AUVs) to take fine-scale photographs of

the sea floor at these sites, they can then

calculate the probability of finding lobsters

in different habitats – whether it’s kelp

beds, sand patches or reefs.

Subsequently, the team will analyse

footage of the sea floor taken

across a larger area. Using spatial

modelling, they can then make

projections about where the

western rock lobster is likely to be

distributed.

Dr Hovey says fine-scale sea floor

mapping like this could benefit

other species, too, by illuminating

habitats that were previously

invisible to scientists.

“We don’t know how much habitat

is available to a lot of species – how

much soft sediments and reef they

have,” says Dr Hovey.

“So when it comes to setting up

protection areas, you don’t know

how much habitat you need to

protect, or where to make these

protected areas, or how many you

need. The key is to understand the

relationship between species and

habitats.”



The western rock lobster … this surprisingly ‘cryptic’ species represents about 20 per cent of the total value of Australia’s fisheries.

(Photo: Department of Fisheries WA/Henrique Kwong)

Professor Krish Thiagarajan (middle) and his PhD students: Askan Rafiee, Nitin

Repalle, Hemlata Wadhwa and Dibakar Rakshit, l – r. (Photo: Lauren White)



Krish takes up US position

OI researchers make their mark at AMSA conferenceOceans Institute staff and researchers played a key role in the Australian Marine Sciences Association Conference in Fremantle in early July.

AMSA is Australia’s major professional

association for marine scientists from

all disciplines.

In all, 18 Oceans Institute researchers

gave presentations at the week-long

conference. As well as that, the OI’s

Amy Newman won the prize for best

student oral presentation and

Gabrielle Cummins won the Honours

student award.

The presenters and their topics

included:

Professor Anya Waite, the biological

oceanography of western rock lobster

larvae

Margaret Mohring, the reproductive

ecology of Ecklonia radiata

Professor Krish Thiagarajan has been appointed a Professorial Chair in Energy at the University of Maine, USA.

Professor Thiagarajan headed the near shore

and offshore research group within the Oceans

Institute which studies the ‘sloshing’ effects of

stored liquids, that is, the sometimes violent

side-to-side movements of transported liquids.

Those effects are important in working out how

to best transport goods such as natural gas in

tanks aboard ships.

The group also studies the effects of swirling

currents on subsea pipelines used for carrying

oil and gas.

As well as being part of the Oceans Institute,

Krish worked with UWA’s School of Mechanical

Engineering, where he was Professorial Fellow

with the Centre for Energy and Facilities

Program Leader with the WA Energy Research

Alliance.

We wish Krish all the best in his new position.

Saskia Hinriichs, the impacts of

hydrodynamic shifts on coral

condition at Ningaloo Reef

Cynthia Bluteau, near-bottom

turbulent mixing in regions of

internal wave activity on the N-W

Shelf

Gabriel Vianna, socio-economic

and community benefits from

shark-diving tourism in Palau

Soheila Taebi, seasonal variability

in lagoon-ocean exchange at

Ningaloo Reef

Thisera Welhena, dense water

formation and cross-shelf exchange

on the Rottnest Continental Shelf

Anne Brearley, invertebrate fauna

of the Hardy Inlet, Blackwood River

James Falter, coupling and

de-coupling of diurnal calcification

rates from light, net production, and

carbonate chemistry in a Ningaloo

Reef community

Nicole Jones, internal wave climatology at

Ningaloo Reef

Ryan Lowe, climatology of circulation and

temperature variability off Ningaloo Reef

Mun Woo, seaglider deployments off Western

Australia

Florence Verspecht, surface current

measurements off Fremantle using HF radar

Asha de Vos, determining the relationship

between blue whales and oceanic processes off

southern Sri Lanka

Cyprien Bosserelle, inter-annual variability and

longer-term changes in the wave climate of WA

between 1970-2009

Shari Gallop, the vertical current structure in

response to sea breezes in south-western

Australia

Yasha Hetzel, gravity currents in Shark Bay:

implications for scallop larval dispersal

Leonardo Ruiz Montoya, the role of ocean

dynamics in seagrass seed dispersal and

recruitment in WA.



Making the most of Earth’s last frontier

Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor Winthrop Professor Bill Louden, Professor Carlos Duarte,

and Pro Vice-Chancellor (Research) Winthrop Professor Alistar Robertson at the oration

at the UWA Club, l – r. (Photo: Tony Malkovic)

With the world’s population estimated to swell to nine billion people in the next 40 years, countries should look to the oceans to provide the means to feed and improve our standards of living.

That was the main point made by

Professor Carlos Duarte at his

Professorial Oration – Ocean:

Opportunities in Exploring the Planet’s

Last Frontier – hosted by the Institute of

Advanced Studies at the UWA Club.

The oration gave him an opportunity to

elaborate on his vision for the Oceans

Institute, that not enough is known

about the world’s oceans yet they

provide unique opportunities to

address humanity’s grand challenges.

He said the planet’s growing population

was already putting pressure on

resources such as food supplies, fresh

water, energy, biodiversity and climate.

And that instead of looking to outer

space for other planets to help solve

some of these problems, we should

instead look to the oceans which are

still largely unknown. More than 400

planets had been discovered, but none

of them provided the water that would

make them inhabitable, he said.

“But we are largely ignoring the

exploration of our oceans which we can

refer to as the ‘inner space’ of planet

Earth,” said Professor Duarte.

Although oceans cover 70 per cent of

the world’s surface, he said only 10 per

cent of all named species are marine

species. The naming of marine species

is growing at only one per cent a year

but there’s a long way to go.

“At this rate of growth, with

conservative estimates of the number

of species in the ocean, it will be 200 to

1,000 years before we have a complete

inventory of the number of species in the

ocean,” he said.

“We actually know more of the

topography of the Moon, or even that of

Mars, than we know about the

topography of our oceans.”

He said examples of ocean solutions

could involve re-thinking the way we grow

our food and develop aquaculture even

further.

Simple solution

“Marine food production is critical and will

be more important in the future because

it is the only sector of food production

that is not dependent on freshwater,” he

said.

One simple solution might be using the

oceans to meet our protein needs, and

using dry land mostly for our agriculture.

“If, instead of growing cattle, we produce

fish and crustaceans in the oceans, then

the water resources that would be freed

just by doing that will allow agricultural

production to be doubled with the same

amount of water used today,” he said.

Likewise, there are enormous

biotechnology benefits to be gained not

only from natural products derived from

the oceans, but also from patenting and

developing new uses for genes

discovered in the seas.

The oceans could also provide more

tidal and wave energy systems and help

with mitigating climate change. For

instance, Professor Duarte cited the

seagrass meadows off Western

Australia and other parts of the world

that are strong natural carbon sinks.

“There are opportunities to use these

ecosystems to mitigate climate change,”

he said.

Professor Duarte said the oceans have

the potential to supply the resources to

meet the food, water and energy needs

of more than nine billion people – and

we need to do much more than simply

denounce the current problems we

face.

“We need to do both, alert society to the

problems – and drive and guide society

through to the solutions,” he said.



Professor Gary Kendrick, Oceans Institute General Manager Christine Shervington and Pro

Vice-Chancellor (Research) Winthrop Professor Alistar Robertson at a function in the Oceans

Institute courtyard. (Photo: Beau Gamble)

Winthrop Professor Gary Kendrick has been praised for his major role in establishing The UWA Oceans Institute.

Professor Kendrick officially

stepped down as Acting Director of

the Oceans Institute on June 15.

More than 40 staff and students

attended a function at the OI

building to acknowledge his

achievements.

Pro Vice-Chancellor (Research)

Professor Alistar Robertson

commended Professor Kendrick for

his terrific work.

“We’ve come a long way in the 20

months since the Oceans Institute

was launched, and a lot of it goes

down to Gary, so thank you very

much,” Professor Robertson said.

Vice-Chancellor Professor Alan

Robson has also acknowledged

Professor Kendrick’s achievements.

“You’ve shown great dedication to

the part and I note the progress

that’s been made under your

leadership,” Professor Robson

wrote in a letter to Professor

Kendrick.

“I’m particularly pleased with all your work with

our collaborating research institutes, such as

management of the UWA-AIMS-CSIRO

collaboration, the excellent positioning of the OI

within the recently funded NERP (National

Environmental Research Program) marine hub,

and the way in which the OI is such an active

member of ANNiMS (Australian National

Network in Marine Science).

“The Oceans Institute brand is now

well known and understood.”

Professor Kendrick thanked many

people for their support, and praised

the efforts of Oceans Institute

postgraduate students and

postdoctoral staff.

“The reason we’ve had successes

like we’ve had is because the junior

staff members, the post-docs and

the PhD students are dying for this

(OI) to be a success,” Professor

Kendrick said.

In March, The University of Western

Australia appointed Professor Carlos

Duarte as the new Director of the

Oceans Institute.

Professor Kendrick is taking

conference and long service leave,

and is travelling to the US and

England. He will resume an ongoing

research position at the Oceans

Institute in September 2011.

Gary Kendrick applauded for his role in nurturing OI

Asha’s whale research features on BBC-TVAsha de Vos’s research involving blue whales off Sri Lanka has featured in a recently-aired BBC documentary.

The program Giant Lives was broadcast in the United Kingdom in mid-August

on BBC One. You can see parts of the program at www.bbc.co.uk/

programmes/b013q50m including a segment on blue whales feeding which

features Asha.

See also Asha’s blog at http://whalessrilanka.blogspot.com

Anya Waite elected to international aquatic science bodyProfessor Anya Waite of The UWA Oceans Institute has

been elected to the board of directors of the Association for

the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).

“It’s exciting to be given the opportunity to help set priorities

for one of the premier scientific organisations operating

internationally,” Professor Waite said.

Ocean gliders uncover underwater ‘rivers’ off PerthOceanographers at UWA have discovered the first underwater

‘rivers’ to be identified in a sub-tropical region flowing along

the ocean bed off Perth’s coastline.

The study, led by Winthrop Professor Chari Pattiaratchi with

colleagues from UWA’s National Facility for Ocean Gliders and

UWA’s Oceans Institute, reveals ‘rivers’ or layers of dense

water – what are known as dense shelf water cascades –

travelling away from the shore along the seabed.

$6m earmarked for WA ocean observing systemWinthrop Professor Chari Pattiaratchi has secured $6 million

in funding to develop the WA node of the Integrated Marine

Observing System (IMOS). The funding is being provided by

the Western Australian State Government.

IMOS operates a range of observing equipment in the oceans

around Australia. The system is set up to address five major

research themes: ocean changes over several decades,

climate variability, major boundary currents, continental shelf

processes and biological responses.

The $6m funding will help pay for new Kimberley and Pilbara

mooring arrays, underwater glider deployments, and acoustic

animal tracking arrays. The data collected will contribute to a

greater understanding of Australia’s northern waters, with the

data freely available through the IMOS ocean portal (imos.

aodn.org.au/webportal).

ANNiMS conference at UWA in NovemberThe third annual conference of the Australian

National Network in Marine Science will be held

from Nov. 29 to 1 Dec. 2011 at the University of

Western Australia.

The conference will draw together early career

researchers from across Australia, with the

theme Marine Science in Tropical, Temperate

and Southern Oceans.

For more information, see www.marine-science-network.edu.au

For the full stories, visit www.oceans.uwa.edu.au



News in brief

WA’s sea breezes come under scrutinyDr Hrvoje Mihanovic is using novel techniques to study the effects of WA’s blustery sea breezes on ocean surface currents and the behaviour of the Leeuwin and Capes currents.

Dr Mihanovic is a research

scientist with the

Oceanographic Department at

the Hydrographic Institute of

the Republic of Croatia, Split.

He is in Perth undertaking

research at the Oceans Institute

until September, in conjunction

with UWA’s School of

Environmental Systems

Engineering.

The oceanographer was

awarded a six-month Go8

European Fellowship offered by

Australia’s Group of Eight

universities to early career

researchers from Europe.

In his native Split, part of Dr

Mihanovic’s research focused

on using high frequency (HF)

radar to study how strong

winds such as the sirocco and

the bora affect the surface

waters of the northern Adriatic.

He is undertaking similar work

during his stay in Perth.

The work involves analysing the

effects of WA’s sea breezes

– some of the strongest sea

breeze systems in the world –

and their effects on the

Leeuwin and Capes currents

off the WA coast.

“I am analysing the surface current data

from two HF radar stations of the WA

coast, close to the Perth Canyon, one at

Fremantle, the other at Guilderton,” Dr

Mihanovic says.

Relatively new

The work involves using Self-Organising

Map analysis (SOM) to cope with the

large amounts of continuous data and

detect patterns in the information.

SOMs have been used by researchers in

the fields of agriculture, music and

robotics, but their use in oceanography is

relatively new.

“With the HF radars, you have a large

data set – up to 1,500 spatial points

every hour in this area – which you would

not be able to measure with classical

oceanographic instruments,” he says.

“So far, this is the best way to have a

high resolution in time and space and the

large area coverage of surface currents.

“What we are trying to do is to apply the

same methods I was using in the

Adriatic, using the Self Organising Maps to

extract patterns of the surface currents in

this area and to see what the interactions

are between the Leeuwin Current and the

Capes Current.

“The Leeuwin Current has quite strong

surface currents throughout the year. And

the Leeuwin Current also generates

eddies and meanderings, and these are

related to upwelling and downwelling

systems in the area and also bringing

nutrients from different parts of the water.”

Being able to quickly analyse and model

the large amounts of HF radar data

involving sea breezes and currents off the

coast could have other benefits.

“They could be used in short-term ocean

forecasts, significantly shortening the deci-

sion time during search and rescue

missions and hopefully mitigating potential

disasters and accidents on the sea,” Dr

Mihanovic says.

“But this is something that still needs to be

developed as to how it could be used

operationally.”



Researching sea breezes and surface currents … Go8 European Fellow Dr Hrvoje

Mihanovic at the Oceans Institute in Crawley. (Photo: Tony Malkovic)

Captivating the audience and judges with his talk on shark embryos, PhD student Ryan Kempster claimed both first prize and the people’s choice award in UWA’s Three Minute Thesis competition.

Ryan is a marine neurobiologist at The

UWA Oceans Institute and School of

Animal Biology. He described how

sharks developing in egg cases use

their seventh sense – called

electroreception – to detect when

predators are lurking nearby, and to

‘play dead’ accordingly.

For his presentation, titled ‘Survival of

the Stillest: Predator Avoidance

Strategies of Shark Embryos,’ Ryan is

to receive research or travel grants of

$3000 and $500, for the first prize and

people’s choice award respectively.

Last year he also took out the competi-

tion’s runner-up prize of $1000.

Ryan says the competitors this year were

particularly impressive. “Last year was

the first time UWA held the competition,

so everyone didn’t really know what to

expect or how to go about their talk,” he

says. “But this year it was a lot tougher

– everybody came prepared.”

Ryan will now represent UWA in the

Three Minute Thesis national final on

29 September, to be held in the

Octagon Theatre. Finalists from 30

universities will be competing for the

first prize of a $5000 research or travel

grant.



Ryan’s three minute sharkspiel is a $3,500 winner

Ryan Kempster (right) and Dean of Graduate Research Winthrop Professor Alan Dench. (Photo: Krys Haq)

VISITOR ORGANISATION / COUNTRY HOST DATES

Dr Hrvoje Mihanovic Hydrographic Institute of the

Republic of Croatia

Winthrop Professor Chari Pattiaratchi 11 April 2011 - 30 Sep. 2011

Professor Jay McCreary University of Hawaii Winthrop Professor Chari Pattiaratchi 14 April 2011

David Kaminsky Rutgers, The State University of

New Jersey, USA

Winthrop Professor Chari Pattiaratchi 1 June 2011 - 1 Aug. 2011

Shannon Harrison Rutgers, The State University of

New Jersey, USA

Winthrop Professor Chari Pattiaratchi 1 June 2011 - 1 Aug. 2011

Broughton Robertson Department of Foreign Affairs and

Trade, Indian Strategies Unit

Professor Anya Waite and Christine

Shervington

23 June 2011

Mizue Iijima Japan Agency for Marine Earth

Science and Technology

Christine Shervington 12 July 2011

Martin Schmelzer Universität Kiel, Germany Winthrop Professor Chari Pattiaratchi 1 Aug. 2011 - 11 Sep. 2011

Visitors to the oceans Institute (April - August 2011)



TITLE FUNDING

PERIOD

FUNDING BODY AMOUNT SUPERVISORS

Dense shelf water cascades off southwestern

Australia: their impact on phytoplankton

nutrient dynamics and community composition

2011 UWA Research

Development Awards for

2011

$29,770 Hanson CE

Towards a mechanistic understanding of coral

calcification: a bio-geochemical approach

2011 UWA Research

Collaboration award

$15,000 Clode PL, Erez J

Applying emergent sensor network

technologies to elasmobranch sensory

research: the significance of environmental

electromagnetic fields

2011 UWA-UQ Bilateral Research

Collaboration Award

$19,740 Collin SP, Johnstone R

The evolution of light detection and its impacts

on early vertebrate evolution

2011-2013 ARC Discovery Project

Grant

$375,000 (over

three years)

Collin SP, Lamb TD, Hunt

DM, Potter IC, Hart N

Ocean response to tropical cyclone forcing on

the Australian North West Shelf

2011-2014 Australian Research

Council Linkage grant

$559,000 Ivey G, Jones N, Lowe R,

Wake G, McConochie J

Functional links between estuaries and their

catchments: how does land use change affect

estuarine ecological and bio-geochemical

function?

2011 -2013 ARC Linkage Project

(through Monash University)

$114,000,

$90,000,

$80,000

Cook P, MacNally R,

Beardall J, Hindell J, Reich

P, Glud R, Hipsey M,

Quinn G, White M

A comparison of diver and remote based

benthic sampling

2011 Chevron – URS $155,000 Meeuwig JJ, Waddington

KI

Do scientists’ and public preferences diverge?

Analysing expert and public preferences for

environmental and social outcomes for the

Swan River

2011 ARC Linkage Grant $97,985 Pannell DJ, Rolfe JC,

Burton MP, Meeuwig JJ

Rainbowfish: cost of living and ageing in the

far West

2011 UWA Research

Development Award

$29,578 Gagliano M

Storm surge propagation and coastal flooding

in the Peel Harvey Estuary

2011 UWA Research

Development Award

$25,940 Haigh I

The role of ocean dynamics on seagrass seed

dispersal along Western Australia

2011 UWA Research

Development Award

$20,820 Lowe R

Indian Ocean climate change: Ningaloo Reef, a

litmus test for the survival of coral reefs

2011-2014 Australian Research Super

Science grant

$556,800 McCulloch M, Ivey G,

Lowe R, Falter J

Dynamics of time-dependent hydrodynamic

processes in complex nearshore reef systems

2011 CSIRO Flagship

Collaboration Fund

$84,000 Lowe R

The importance of internal waves in the

stimulation of primary productivity at Ningaloo

Reef

2011 Australian National Network

in Marine Science (ANNiMS)

Grant

$29,930 Jones N, Strutton P,

Ivey G, Lowe R, Falter J,

Brinkman R

Reproduction and ecophysiology of Ecklonia

radiata at the margins of its Australian

distribution

2011 ANNiMS Springboard

project

$28,000 Wernberg T, Kendrick G,

Johnson C, Wright J

Ocean-shelf exchange with an emphasis on the

roles of waves, tides, eddies and cross-shelf

flows on carbon exchange

2011 - 2012 Australian National

Network in Marine Science

Springboard grant

$299,523 Pattiaratchi C

Megafauna interactions with oceanographic

features

2011 Australian National

Environmental Research

Program

$507,000 Meeuwig JJ and Waite

Triangulating climate records derived from

fish, marine invertebrates, and trees to predict

marine fisheries productivity in the face of

ocean warming

2011 Australian National Network

in Marine Science

$298,022 Meeuwig JJ et al.

new research projects (since start of 2011)



TITLE FUNDING

PERIOD

FUNDING BODY AMOUNT SUPERVISORS

Benchmarking the fish assemblages of the

Timor Sea’s banks and shoals: is the Montara

oil spill detectable?

2011 PTTEP AustAsia $191,755 Meeuwig JJ

Expansion of IMOS infrastructure in northern

Australia:

Australian National Facility for Oceans Gliders

(ANFOG)

Executive Officer for WAIMOS

2011 –

2013

2011

2011

WA State Government

WA State Government

WA State Government

Co-investment

$6 million:

$1,099,000

$488,000

Pattiaratchi C. These

funds flow mainly to the

operators of infrastructure

(AIMS, UWA, Curtin and

Macquarie)

Pattiaratchi C

Pattiaratchi C

Automation of species recognition and size

measurement of fish from underwater stereo-

video imagery

2011

2012

2013

2014

Partner/Collaborating

Organisation(s) AQ1

Systems Pty Ltd, Australian

Fisheries Management

Authority, Department

of Environment and

Conservation, Department

of Environment and Natural

Resources, NSW Office of

Environment and Heritage,

Parks Victoria, SeaGIS Pty

Ltd

$76,500

$148,000

$141,500

$70,000

Harvey ES, Shortis MR,

Mian AS, Culverhouse PF,

Edgington D, Cline D

Global patterns of climate adaptation in kelps 2011 Worldwide Universities

Network Research

Development Fund


Bolton J, Anderson R,

Sjotun K

SHARC: Southern Hemisphere Algal Research

Collaboration

2011 UWA Research

Collaboration Award


Bolton J, Anderson R

Understanding the global impacts and

implications of range-shifting species in marine

systems

2011-2013 ANNiMS Issues in Marine

Science Program (through

The University of Tasmania)

$300,000 Thresher R, Pecl G,

Wernberg T, Smale D,

Tobin M

new PhD and MSc students (since start of 2011)STUDENT TOPIC SCHOOL COORDINATING

SUPERVISOR

ADDITIONAL

SUPERVISORS

Audrey Appudurai A comprehensive insight into the visual and electroreceptive

ecology of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri

Animal

Biology

Collin S Zurr I, Hart N

Lucille Chapuis Impacts of acoustic cues and auditory abilities on the ecology

of apex predators

Animal

Biology

Collin S Hart N, Hunt D,

McCauley R

Anton Kuhar Visual specialisations in deep-sea teleosts Animal

Biology

Collin S Hart N

Nicolas Nagloo The sensory ecology of reptiles Animal

Biology

Hart N Collin S

Rachael

Warrington

Visual and non-visual light detection in jawless fishes Animal

Biology

Collin S Hart N, Hunt D

Scott Bennett Latitudinal patterns in ecosystem function: the role of

Sargassum on coastal reefs

Plant

Biology

Kendrick G Wernberg T

Aires T, Marbá N, Cunha RL,

Kendrick GA, Walker DI, Serrao

EA, Duarte CM, Arnaud-Haond S

(2011). Evolutionary history of the

seagrass genus Posidonia.

Marine Ecology Progress Series

421: 117–130.

Baird ME, Suthers IM, Griffin DA,

Hollings B, Pattiaratchi CB,

Everett JD, Roughan M,

Oubelkheir K and Doblin M (2011).

The effect of surface flooding on

the physical–biogeochemical

dynamics of a warm-core eddy

off south-east Australia. Deep

Sea Research II: Topical Studies

in Oceanography 58: 592-605.

Bellchambers LM, Meeuwig JJ,

Evans SN and Legendre P (2011).

Modelling habitat associations of

the common spider conch

Lambis lambis in the Cocos

(Keeling) Islands. Marine Ecology

Progress Series 432: 83-90.

Cassidy MJ (2011). Assessing the

three-dimensional response of

jack-up platforms in directional

Geophysical Research—Oceans

116: C06025.

Haigh I, Nicholls R and Wells N

(2011). Rising sea levels in the

English Channel 1900 to 2100.

Maritime Engineering 164(2):

81-92.

Herrada A, Eguiluz VM,

Hernandez-Garcia E and Duarte

CM (2011). Scaling properties of

protein family phylogenies. BMC

Evolutionary Biology 11: 155.

Hovey R, Cambridge M and

Kendrick G (2011). Direct

measurements of root growth

and productivity in the

seagrasses Posidonia australis

and P. sinuosa. American Society

of Limnology and Oceanography

DOI 10.4319/lo.2011.56.1.0394.

Kempster RM and Collin SP

(2011). Electrosensory pore

distribution and feeding in the

megamouth shark, Megachasma

pelagios (Lamniformes:

Megachasmidae). Aquatic Biology

11: 225-228.

Gaudin C, Cassidy MJ, Bienen B

and Hossain MS (2011). A review

of the recent contribution made

by geotechnical centrifuge

modelling to the understanding

on jack-up spudcan behavior.

Ocean Engineering DOI:

10.1016/j.

oceaneng.2010.1012.1001.

Geertz-Hansen O, Montes C,

Duarte CM, Sand-Jensen K, and

Marbà N (2011). Ecosystem

metabolism in a temporary

Mediterranean marsh (Doñana

National Park, SW Spain).

Biogeosciences 8: 963-971.

Goetze JS, Langlois TJ, Egli DP

and ES Harvey (2011). Evidence

of artisanal fishing impacts and

depth refuge in assemblages of

Fijian reef fish. Coral Reefs 30:

507–517.

Haigh I, Eliot M, Pattiaratchi C

(2011). Global influences of the

18.61 year nodal cycle and 8.85

year cycle of lunar perigee on

high tidal levels. Journal of

seas. Special Issue on Energy

Geotechnology - KSCE Journal of

Civil Engineering 15(4): 623-634.

Cheung WWL, Meeuwig JJ and

Lam VWY (2011).

Ecosystem-based Fisheries

Management in the face of

climate change. In: Christensen V

and Maclean J (eds). Thinking Big

About Ecosystem Approaches to

Fisheries, Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge (UK), pp:

171-188 (invited chapter).

Clode PL, Lema K, Saunders M,

Weiner S (2011). Skeletal

mineralogy of newly settling

Acropora millepora (Scleractinia)

coral recruits. Coral Reefs DOI

10.1007/s00338-010-0673-7.

Garcías-Bonet N, Sherman TD,

Duarte CM, Marbà N (2011).

Distribution and pathogenicity of

the protist Labyrinthula sp. in

Western Mediterranean seagrass

meadows. Estuaries and Coasts

DOI 10.1007/s12237-011-9416-4.



new PhD and MSc students Continued from Page 13

STUDENT TOPIC SCHOOL COORDINATING

SUPERVISOR

ADDITIONAL

SUPERVISORS

Jessie Short The effects of ocean acidification on calcification rates of

reef-building corals and crustose coralline algae in Western

Australia

SEE McCulloch M Lowe R, Kendrick

G

Taryn Foster Potential impacts of higher ocean acidity and warmer water

temperatures on Abrolhos Island coral reefs

SEE McCulloch M Lowe R, Falter J

Gayan Gunaratne Hydro-ecological study of Roebuck Bay SEE Hipsey M Vogwill R

Olga Bondarenko The influence of physical oceanography on marine mega fauna SESE Pattiaratchi C Hanson C

Julia Reisser Spatial distribution of green sea turtles: using biophysical

modeling to understand population connectivity, distribution of

life stages and plastic pollution hazards

SESE Pattiaratchi C Meekan M (AIMS),

Wilcox C (CSIRO)

Jennifer Penton Accuracy of wave forecasts as a function of forecast time

horizon in South-Western Australia

SESE Pattiaratchi C

Carolyn Coombs The doctrine of hot pursuit in the context of fisheries

enforcement, and the raft of international measure adopted in

the last decade in the southern Indian Ocean

SESE Kaye S

Gavin Coombes Impact of the physical processes of light, sedimentation and

water movement on tropical seagrass ecology

Plant

Biology

Kendrick G

Julia Santana

Garcon

The development and validation of mid-water baited video

technique for investigating spatial patterns and human impacts

on pelagic fishes.

Plant

Biology

Harvey E Newman S (Dept

Fisheries WA)

Phil Bouchet Megafauna use of large physical features Animal

Biology

Meeuwig JJ Jenner C (CWR),

Dalgado C (Curtin)

Publications (since start of 2011 and not reported in April newsletter)

Marshall NJ, Collin SP, Hart NS

and Bailes HJ (2011) Vision in

lungfish. In: Jorgensen JM and

Joss J (eds). The Biology of

Lungfishes, Science Publishers

and CRC Press, Enfield (USA),

pp: 447-476.

Marzullo TA, Wueringer BE,

Squire Jnr. L and Collin SP

(2011). Description of the

mechanoreceptive lateral line

and electroreceptive ampullary

systems in the freshwater

whipray, Himantura dalyensis.

Marine and Freshwater Research

62: 771-779.

McLean DL, Harvey ES,

Meeuwig JJ (2011). Decline in the

abundance of coral trout

(Plectropomus leopardus) in

areas closed to fishing at the

Houtman Abrolhos Islands,

Western Australia. Journal of

Experimental Marine Biology and

Ecology 406: 71–78.

Mcleod E, Chmura GL, Bouillon

S, Salm R, Björk M, Duarte CM,

Lovelock CE, Schlesinger WH,

Silliman B (2011). A Blueprint for

Blue Carbon: Towards an

improved understanding of the

role of vegetated coastal habitats

in sequestering CO2. Frontiers in

Ecology and the Environment

DOI 10.1890/110004.

Mills M, Rash R, Siebeck UE and

Collin SP (2011). Exogenous

material in the inner ear of the

adult Port Jackson shark,

Heterodontus portusjacksoni

(Elasmobranchii). Anatomical

Record. Part A. 294: 373-378.

Moore CH, Van Niel KP, Harvey

ES (2011). The effect of

landscape composition and

configuration on the spatial

distribution of temperate

demersal fish. Ecography 34:

425-435.

Newman SJ, Allsop Q, Ballagh

AC, Garrett RN, Gribble N,

Horne J, Meeuwig JJ, Moore B,

Pember MB, Rome BC,

Saunders T, Stapley J, van

Herwerden L and Welch DJ

(2011). Stock structure of blue

threadfin Eleutheronema

tetradactylum, across northern

Vaquer-Sunyer R and Duarte CM

(2011). Temperature effects on

oxygen thresholds for hypoxia in

marine benthic organisms.

Global Change Biology 17(5):

1788-1797.

Varela-Álvarez, E, Rindi F, Cavas

L, Serrão EA, Duarte CM and

Marbá N (2011). Molecular

identification of Halophila

stipulacea from Turkey. Cahiers

de Biologie Marine 52: 227-232.

Wahl T, Jensen J, Frank T, Haigh

I (2011). Improved estimates of

mean sea level changes in the

German Bight over the last 166

years. Ocean Dynamics 61(5):

701-715.

Wernberg T, Russell BD, Moore

PJ, Ling SD, Smale DA,

Campbell A, Coleman M,

Steinberg PD, Kendrick GA,

Connell SD (2011). Impacts of

climate change in a global

hotspot for temperate marine

biodiversity and ocean warming.

Journal of Experimental Marine

Biology and Ecology 400: 7-16.

Wernberg T, Thomsen MS, Tuya

F and Kendrick GA (2011).

Biogenic habitat structure of

seaweeds change along a

latitudinal gradient in ocean

temperature. Journal of


Ecology 400: 264-271.

Zhang Z, Lowe RJ, Falter J and

Ivey G (2011). A numerical model

of wave- and current-driven

nutrient uptake by coral reef

communities. Ecological

Modelling 222: 1456–1470.

wave energy and the stochastic

recruitment of a dominant kelp.

Marine Biology 158: 1757–1766.

Steckbauer A, Duarte CM,

Carstensen J, Vaquer-Sunyer R

and Conley DJ (2011). Ecosystem

impacts of hypoxia: thresholds of

hypoxia and pathways to

recovery. Environmental

Research Letters 6: 025003.

Theiss, SM, Collin SP and Hart

NS (2010). Morphology and

distribution of the ampullary

electroreceptors in wobbegong

sharks: functional significance

and ecological correlations.

Marine Biology 158: 723-735.

Thomsen MS, Olden JD,

Wernberg T, Griffin JN and

Silliman BR (2011). A broad

framework to organize and

compare invasion impacts.

Environmental Research DOI

10.1016/j.envres.2011.05.024.

Thomsen MS, Wernberg T, Olden

JD, Griffin JN and Silliman BR

(2011). Context-dependent

impacts of marine invasions in a

general framework. Journal of


Ecology 400: 322-327.

Tian Y and Cassidy MJ (2011). A

pipe-soil interaction model

incorporating large lateral

displacements in calcareous

sand. Journal of Geotechnical

and Geoenvironmental

Engineering 137(3): 825-842.

Titov VV, Moore C, Greenslade

DJM, Pattiaratchi CB, Badal R,

Synolakis CE and Kânoglu U

(2011). A new tool for inundation

mapping: community modeling

interface for tsunamis (ComMIT).

Pure and Applied Geophysics

DOI 10.1007/s00024-011-0292-4.

Tuya F, Vanderklift M, Wernberg

T, Thomsen MS (2011). Gradients

in abundance explain patterns in

the numbers of species at

reef-seagrass ecotones. PLoS

One 6(5): e20190.

Tuya F, Wernberg T and Thomsen

MS (2011). The relative influence

of local to regional drivers of

variation in reef fishes. Journal of

Fish Biology 79: 217-239.

Australia as inferred from stable

isotopes in sagittal otolith

carbonate. Fisheries

Management and Ecology DOI

10.1111/j.1365-2400.2010.00780.

Newman SJ, Skepper CL,

Mitsopoulos GEA, Wakefield CB,

Meeuwig JJ and Harvey ES

(2011). Assessment of the

potential impacts of trap usage

and ghost fishing on the

northern demersal scalefish

fishery. Reviews in Fisheries

Science 19(2): 74-84.

Ooi JL, Kendrick GA, Van Niel

KP (2011). Shelf Science.

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf

Sciences 92: 118-131.

Pattiaratchi CB (2011). Coastal

tide gauge observations:

dynamic processes present in

the Fremantle record. In Schiller

A and Brassington GB (eds).

Operational oceanography in the

21st century, Springer,

Dordrecht (Netherlands), pp:

185–202.

Pignatelli V, Temple SE, Chiou

TH, Roberts NW, Collin SP and

Marshall NJ (2011). Behavioural

relevance of polarization sensitiv-

ity as a target detection

mechanism in cephalopods and

fishes. Philosophical

Transactions of the Royal

Society of London B 366:

655-670.

Randolph MF, Gaudin C,

Gourvenec S, White DJ, Boylan

N and Cassidy MJ (2011). Recent

advances in offshore

geotechnics for deep water oil

and gas developments. Ocean

Engineering 38(7): 818-834.

Smale DA, Langlois T, Kendrick

GA, Meeuwig J and Harvey ES

(2011). From fronds to fish: the

use of indicators for ecological

monitoring in marine benthic

ecosystems, with case studies

from temperate Western

Australia. Reviews in Fish

Biology and Fisheries 21(3):

311-337.

Smale DA, Wernberg T and

Vance T (2011). Community

development on temperate

subtidal reefs: the influences of



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A species of seagrass found only in western and southern Australian waters is at risk of extinction, according to a four-year international study.

The seagrass – Posidonia sinuosa – is

one of 10 seagrasses worldwide

identified in the study that are in danger

of being lost forever, according to one of

the study’s authors, Winthrop Professor

Gary Kendrick of The UWA Oceans

Institute.

Posidonia sinuosa is found in Western

Australia from Kalbarri through to Eyre on

the south coast and also in Cockburn

Sound, which has had declining

populations for several decades.

The seagrass is also found along the

South Australian coast as far as

Encounter Bay.

“Posidonia sinuosa is declining at an

alarming rate – about 1.2% every year,”

Professor Kendrick said. The loss of

seagrasses has significant repercussions

for both ocean ecosystems and for

humans.

Seagrass meadows provide homes,

food and nurseries for countless marine

creatures, including commercial fish and

crustaceans such as the western rock

lobster.

They are also a major sink for carbon

dioxide and are being developed as

valuable ecosystems in the global

carbon market.

“Globally, the biggest threat to

seagrasses is coastal development,”

Professor Kendrick said.

“Degraded water quality and the

mechanical damage from dredging and

port, industrial and urban growth on the

coast are other major factors.

“Perhaps surprisingly for many people,

climate change isn’t identified as a

threat. Seagrasses are, in fact, one of

the few groups expected to benefit from

climate change.”

The seagrass study involved more than

20 leading researchers who used the

Red List criteria of the International

Union for the Conservation of Nature

(IUCN) to determine the conservation

status of 72 seagrass species.

It found that Posidonia sinuosa was

in the ‘vulnerable’ category, the

second highest threat classification

after ‘endangered’, according to the

IUCN system.

“This latest study is the product of

four years of international workshops

and input from hundreds of seagrass

experts,” Professor Kendrick said.

“It will provide policy makers around

the world with an official guide for

seagrass conservation.”

The study was published in the

journal Biological Conservation and

is available online.

www.uwa.edu.au


WA/SA seagrass makes ‘top 10’ list of those facing extinction

A healthy Posidonia sinuosa seagrass meadow off Rottnest Island, Western Australia ... the new study says the seagrass is ‘vulnerable’ and at risk of extinction. (Photo: Gary Kendrick)

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