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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Integration of Metabolism:Review of Roles of Systems in Muscle ContractionIntegration of Metabolism:Review of Roles of Systems in Muscle Contraction
Figure 25-1: Energy metabolism in skeletal muscle
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Energy for Skeletal Muscle ContractionEnergy for Skeletal Muscle Contraction
ATP & ADP
Phosphocreatine
Aerobic paths
Anaerobic paths
(glycolytic metabolism)
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Phosphocreatine: Short bursts at maximal effort
Anaerobic: Intermediate duration intense effort Aerobic: Long duration at reduced effort
Sustaining Muscle contractions: ATP Sources/TimeSustaining Muscle contractions: ATP Sources/Time
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Sustaining Muscle contractions: ATP Sources/TimeSustaining Muscle contractions: ATP Sources/Time
Figure 25-2: Speed of ATP production compared with ability
to sustain maximal muscle activity
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hormonal regulation ofEnergy Source for ATPProductionHormonal regulation ofEnergy Source for ATPProduction
(Huge body reserves glucose 2000 & FFAs
70,000 Kcal) Exercise intensity
Glucose
Fatty acids
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hormonal regulation ofEnergy Source for ATPProductionHormonal regulation ofEnergy Source for ATPProduction
Metabolic Shifts
Glucagon
Cortisol
Epinep./NE
GH (insulin)
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hormonal regulation ofEnergy Source for ATPProductionHormonal regulation ofEnergy Source for ATPProduction
Figure 25-3: Use of carbohydrates and fats with increasing exercise
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
O2 consumptiono:: to o exercise (measure w/Vo2
max) Limiting factors:
O2 cell availability, (O2 deficit)
O2 transport to: mitochondria, to cell, toblood, or to lung
Oxygen Consumption:Factors Sustaining or Limiting ExerciseOxygen Consumption:Factors Sustaining or Limiting Exercise
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Oxygen Consumption:Factors Sustaining or Limiting ExerciseOxygen Consumption:Factors Sustaining or Limiting Exercise
Figure 25-4: Changes in oxygen consumption during and after exercise
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Respiratory Ventilation:Exercise Induced hyperventilationRespiratory Ventilation:Exercise Induced hyperventilation
Feed forward Reflex: CNS Feedback reflexes:
Motor sensors
Joint movement
Muscle contraction
Chemo sensors
O2 & CO2 levels
Synchronized w/ cardiac output
Plasma: [O2], [CO2] & [ pH]
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Respiratory Ventilation:Exercise Induced hyperventilationRespiratory Ventilation:Exercise Induced hyperventilation
Figure 25-5: Changes in ventilation with submaximal exercise
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Respiratory Ventilation:Exercise Induced hyperventilationRespiratory Ventilation:Exercise Induced hyperventilation
Figure 25-6: Changes in
blood gas, partial pressures,
and arterial pH with exercise
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cardiovascular Response to ExerciseCardiovascular Response to Exercise
Cardiac output
o 5 to 35 L/min
Rate o 2-3 X
Blood distribution
o
muscles to 88% of all blood q other tissues (except brain)
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cardiovascular Response to ExerciseCardiovascular Response to Exercise
Figure 25-7: Distribution of cardiac output at rest and during exercise
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Homeostatic Balancing ofExercise:Controlled DisruptionHomeostatic Balancing ofExercise:Controlled Disruption
Feed-forward reflexes Anticipate odemand
Heart & lungs
Protective reflexes
Stretch damage
Temperature o
sweating
o peripheralblood flow
redistribution
Blood pressure } constant
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Homeostatic Balancing ofExercise:Controlled DisruptionHomeostatic Balancing ofExercise:Controlled Disruption
Figure 25-8: Peripheral resistance and arterial blood pressure during exercise
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Health Advantages of Regular Exercise:Quality of LifeHealth Advantages of Regular Exercise:Quality of Life
q Cardiovascular disease risks: heart attack,stroke, high BP
qblood pressure
q LDL & triglycerides o HDL q risks for diabetes
q obesity
q stress association o immune function
(to a point)
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Health Advantages of Regular Exercise:Quality of LifeHealth Advantages of Regular Exercise:Quality of Life
Figure 25-9b: The effect of exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Health Advantages of Regular Exercise:Quality of LifeHealth Advantages of Regular Exercise:Quality of Life
Figure 25-10: Immune function and exercise
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
SummarySummary
Exercise challenges a range of many systemsinvolved in metabolism to produce maximal
energy from various nutrient sources Phosphocreatine most quickly produces ATP for
muscle contraction while anaerobic glycolysis isintermediate
Aerobic ATP production is needed for enduranceexercise
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
SummarySummary
Ventilation and cardiac rate and output undergohuge changes which are anticipated by feed-forward reflexes and protected by other reflexes tokeep BP and temperature in homeostasis
Exercise reduces risk factors in some mostcommon health problems: heart disease, obesity ,diabetes, and stress
