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How do enzymes help to How do enzymes help to regulate life functions?regulate life functions?
Read enzyme article.
What is a catalyst?
•any substance that brings about a chemical reaction without being changed itself.
What is an enzyme?
• PROTEIN •Speed up Speed up CHEMICAL CHEMICAL REACTIONsREACTIONs
•name- describe what it does
•(-ase)
Examples:Enzyme that splits maltose into 2 glucose: MALTASE
Enzymes that breaks protein into a.a.’s PROTEASE
Enzyme that breaks up lipids : LIPASE
EITHER EXCLUSIVELY PROTEINS OR PROTEINS WITH NON- NON- PROTEIN PROTEIN PARTS CALLED COENZYMESCOENZYMES..
VITAMINSVITAMINS usually function as coenzymes.
How do enzymes How do enzymes work?work?DO NOWDO NOW:
1. Define a protein.
2. List 3 reasons why we need proteins?
3. Which element is found in proteins, but not in lipids and carbohydrates?
•The ability of an enzyme to act as a catalyst = depends on shape
•Enzymes are used again and again Enzymes are used again and again
•then recycledthen recycled.
• Every enzyme regulates a Every enzyme regulates a specific reactionspecific reaction. There is an . There is an active active sitesite where the actual chemical where the actual chemicalreaction takes placereaction takes place.ex. Enzyme A can only regulate
Substrate A
**Forms an -ENZYME-SUBSTRATE ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEXCOMPLEX
SUBSTRATE
ACTIVE SITE
NEW SUBSTANCE
2 molecules become one!
ENZYMES ARE MUCH LARGER THAN THE MOLECULESWITH WHICH THEY INTERACT.
SUBSTRATE
ENZYME LOCK & KEY MODELLOCK & KEY MODEL
ACTIVE SITE
1 molecule becomes two!
What factors regulate What factors regulate enzyme function?enzyme function?
• 1. pH
• 2. temperature
• 3. substrate/enzyme concentrations
Factors that Affect ENZYME ActionFactors that Affect ENZYME Action1.pH: The optimum pH for most
enzymes is 7.ExceptionsExceptions :Pepsin (gastric protease)
Pepsin works best at pH of 3
Trypsin (intestinal protease)
Trypsin pH of 8
Factors that Affect ENZYME ActionFactors that Affect ENZYME Action
2. Temperature: The optimum temperature for most enzymes is 98.6 F or 37 C.
OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE
DENATURESDENATURES
DENATURATIONDENATURATION= The loss of effectiveness of an enzyme. The enzyme begins to break down.
OPTIMUMOPTIMUM = Best temperature or pHfor the particular reaction.
Factors that Affect ENZYME ActionFactors that Affect ENZYME Action
3. Relative amounts of enzyme and substrate:
-Reaction rate depends on how often Reaction rate depends on how often enzymes & substrates bump into each enzymes & substrates bump into each otherother..
-adding more enzymes increases the # of molecules to interact with substrate. The reactions maximum rate is reached whenall enzymes are attached to substrate.