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How Human Are Engaged In Altering

The Natural Environment ?

How Human Are Engaged In Altering

The Natural Environment ?

By : M. Faisal Yaqoob

CONTENTSCONTENTS

Human Impact on Environment

Suggestions for Improvement

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Paul Ehrlich Equation 5

Environment1

Ecosystem2

Human-Environment Interactions3

Future Predictions6

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

The sum of all living and non-living things that surround an organism, or group of organisms. Environment includes all elements, factors, and conditions that have some impact on growth and development of certain organism.

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving (abiotic), physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact. Ecosystem is a community of living and non-living things that work together. A dynamically balanced open environmental system. Ecosystems have no particular size.

ECOSYSTEMECOSYSTEM

ECOLOGICAL OVERSHOOTECOLOGICAL OVERSHOOT

• Human wants are never ending because human’s mind is so made that he never completely satisfied. One want is satisfied another want will crop up to take its place and thus it is never ending cycle of wants. N

E

E

D

S

W

A

N

T

S

W

A

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ECOLOGICAL OVERSHOOTECOLOGICAL OVERSHOOT

For most of human history human have been consuming resources at a rate lower than what the planet was able to regenerate. Unfortunately the demand we are now placing on our planets resources appears to have begun to outpace the rate at which nature can replenish them. The gap between human demand and supply is known as Ecological Overshoot.. The WWF's Living Planet Report 2004 confirms that humanity is now consuming over 20 % more natural resources than the Earth can regenerate.

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONSHUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS

It means the interaction of human and the environment, how human adapt to the environment, and how human change the environment to meet their needs and wants. The natural environment affects human’s lives in many fundamental ways, and human in turn affect the environment through their policies and activities. Natural ecosystems also perform fundamental life-support e.g. purification of air and water, detoxification and decomposition of wastes, regulation of climate, regeneration of soil fertility, and production and maintenance of biodiversity.

FOOD

CLOTHING

SHELTER

LIVELIHOOD RECREATION

HUMAN

ENVIRONMENT

INTERACTION

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONSHUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS

Human Activities & Their ImpactHuman Activities & Their Impact

HUMAN ACTIVITY AND THEIR IMPACTS

HUMAN ACTIVITY AND THEIR IMPACTS

Human use the natural ecosystem to derive many essential goods and life supportive products. Human dominates the world and exploits all available resources. Human activity is a major cause of environmental changeHe works as the agent of all environmental degradation and becomes its prime victimEnvironment degradation has an impact not only on human beings but on all species and most natural systems.

Industrialization

Ozone Depletion

Global Warming

Population Growth

Environmental Pollution

Resource Depletion

HUMAN ACTIVITY AND THEIR IMPACTS

HUMAN ACTIVITY AND THEIR IMPACTS

HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH

Population growth is the central cause of the environmental crisis. Humane population is rising rapidly beyond the Earth’s ability to support life. Population is exceeding the carrying capacity of Earth. This rapid increase in population due to medical advances and massive increase in agricultural productivity.

The CIA World Fact book gives the world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.915%, 0.812%, and 1.092% respectively. In 1962 and 1963 growth rate was peaking at 2.20% per annum. But in 2008, it was estimated at 1.1%. The world population is presently growing at a rate of 1.1% or approximately 250,00 people per day. Population is doubling nearly every 40 years.

HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH

HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH

IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH

IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH

Resource depletion Pollution, Deforestation Loss of biodiversity Rapid mining of non-biological resources Expansion and intensification of agriculture Uncontrolled growth of urbanization Industrialization and destruction of natural habitats.

INDUSTRIALIZATIONINDUSTRIALIZATION Industrialization (industrialization) is the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one. It is the extensive organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing. The environmental costs of industrialization are mind boggling. The industrial pollution is investing the relationships between man and the nature with new complexities.

IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

Emission of Waste water,Waste gases,Hazardous waste,Toxic, carcinogenic, cumulative and synergistic chemical Ecological imbalanceRelease of Radioactive rays dangerous for health Increase salinity and Reduced vegetation

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Every environmental system has a carrying capacity .When the environment can not process the load of pollutants , pollution takes place . Environmental pollution is a global problem. It has affected the life of millions of people and cause several deaths and health problems. WHO has estimated that around quarter of the global disease burden is associated with the environmental pollution. Increasing with every passing year and causing grave and irreparable damage to the earth. Environmental pollution consists of three basic types of pollution, namely, air, water and land.

IMPACT OF POLLUTIONIMPACT OF POLLUTION Atmospheric troubles Material damage Agricultural damages Psychological effects Physiological effects Health effects Increase in the CO2 level in the atmosphere Global warming Disturbance of aquatic ecosystem

GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMING

Global warming refers to the rising average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans and its projected continuation. In the last 100 years, Earth's average surface temperature increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F) with about two thirds of the increase occurring over just the last three decades. scientists are more than 90% certain most of it is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities

HEAT – TRAPPING GASES /GREENHOUSE GASES (GHGS)HEAT – TRAPPING GASES /

GREENHOUSE GASES (GHGS)

GHGs

H2O

CO2

CH4HCs

N2O

CFCs

GLOBAL TEMPERATURE RISEGLOBAL TEMPERATURE RISE

IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMINGIMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING

Temperature extremes   Rise in sea level, and change in precipitation Storms, coastal flooding  Contamination of drinking water  Drought  Air pollution ( made worse by warming)    Strain on public health systems  Increased need to population migrations 

OZONE DEPLETIONOZONE DEPLETION It is caused by the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS), which were used widely as refrigerants, insulating foams, and solvents. When CFCs and HCFCs reach the stratosphere, the ultraviolet radiation from the sun causes them to break apart and release chlorine atoms which react with ozone, starting chemical cycles of ozone destruction that deplete the ozone layer. One chlorine atom can break apart more than 100,000 ozone molecules The fact that the ozone layer was being depleted was discovered in the mid-1980s.  The main cause of this is the release of CFCs, chlorofluorocarbons. Antarctica was an early victim of ozone destruction.  About 90 percent of CFCs currently in the atmosphere were emitted by industrialized countries in the Northern Hemisphere, including the United States and Europe. These countries banned CFCs by 1996, and the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere is falling now. But scientists estimate it will take another 50 years for chlorine levels to return to their natural levels.

OZONE HOLE SIZE CHANGES

OZONE HOLE SIZE CHANGES

IMPACT OF OZONE DEPLETION

IMPACT OF OZONE DEPLETION

Cortical cataracts Skin cancer Increased tropospheric ozone Increased production of Vitamin D Effects on plants and crops Immunological effects. A variety of biological consequences may result from the increased UV exposure due to ozone depletion.

Paul Ehrlich EquationPaul Ehrlich Equation

THE PAUL EHRLICH EQUATIONTHE PAUL EHRLICH EQUATION The equation was developed in the 1970s during the course of a debate between Barry Commoner, Paul R. Ehrlich and John Holdren.

I=PAT The IPAT equation, though phrased mathematically, is a simple conceptual expression of the factors that create environmental impact. I=Impact P=Population A=Affluence T=Technology

Though this isn’t an exact equation in a mathematical sense, it does give an insight into how these factors combine together to define the limits of sustainability. The most important conclusions deriving from this relationship are :

The Earth can support only a limited number of people in a sustainable manner. Humanity has a clear choice: between more people with poorer lifestyles and fewer people with a better quality of life. Obviously, a high number in any one of the terms (Population. Affluence or Technology) produce a large impact

THE PAUL EHRLICH EQUATIONTHE PAUL EHRLICH EQUATION

Future Prediction & SuggestionsFuture Prediction & Suggestions

FUTURE PREDICTIONS -1FUTURE PREDICTIONS -1 Scarce Water - Currently, 434 million people face either water stress or scarcity. By 2025 it may increase between 2.6 billion and 3.1 billion people.  Scarce Cropland -The number of people living in countries where cultivated land is critically scarce is projected to increase between 600 million and 986 million in 2025. Fisheries - The capacity of coastal and marine ecosystems to produce fish for human harvest is highly degraded by over-fishing, destructive trawling techniques, and loss of coastal nursery areas. Seventy-five percent of all fish stocks are in urgent need of better management. 

FUTURE PREDICTIONS-2FUTURE PREDICTIONS-2

Forests – Past Land cover of forests in India is 33%- Present Land cover of forests in India is 12%- Global rate of deforestation is 10 million hectares per year .  Global Warming –Average surface temperature of the earth is 15 degrees C. It has risen by 0.6 degrees C. Global temperature will rise by 1.4 to 5.8 degrees C. An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, and a probable expansion of subtropical deserts. Species Extinction –Present rate of extinction is 1000- 10,000 times higher than the natural extinction. Earth may lose upto 50% of the species by the end of 21 century. In tropical forests the extinction is 2-5 species per hour.

SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT

SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT

Prevent pollution. Reduce waste. Use water, energy and other resources efficiently. Manage the use of natural resources prudently. Maintain the diversity of life. Protect and respect the world's natural, cultural, indigenous and historical heritage. Support environmental education and training. Support local action and community participation. Promote practices, methods and technologies that reduce negative impacts on the environment.

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