Michael McKinnon, Security Advisormmckinnon@avg.com.au | @bigmac

How I’d hack into your business, and how you can stop me!

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What are we looking at today?

What sort of business do you have?

Ask questions!

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together.

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Overview

Introduction• Who is AVG?• What data are you protecting in your business?

Common hack tactics• Phishing, Wireless Networks, Website

vulnerabilities• Malicious links, Mobile devices, Automated scans

Security, it’s a way of thinking• Protect, Detect and Correct• Staying in the “know” when it comes to security.

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Top line statistics in Australia

During 2012

• 5.4 million Australians fell victim to cyber crime

• Estimated cost to the economy $1.65 billion

• 250 Businesses surveyed found 1 in 5 were victims

• No mandatory disclosure laws means the problem may well be much bigger

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Business - How vulnerable are you?

victims were targets of opportunity

attacks were not highly difficult

took two-weeks or more to discover

79%96%85%

Is your business MORE or LESS vulnerable than the business next door?

Source: Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report 2012

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The solutions are NOT expensive

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Tonight is all about the easy wins

80%

20%

Who would hack your business, and why?

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Motive & opportunity

The ability for anyone to attack your business is always based on two factors:

• How much they want to (their motive)

• How easy it would be to do (their opportunity)

When your business is connected to the Internet:

• Motivations are magnified by currency exchange rates in poorer countries – something you don’t value is worth much more.

• Opportunity is provided through instant electronic connectivity anywhere in the world. Can be so tempting, that motivation sometimes is hard to identify!

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Types of attackers

Targeted Attackers

Garden Variety Cybercriminals

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Motives - Follow the money

• Cybercriminals tend to “follow the money”

• So, the types of attack are often predictable

• Credit card data• Private customer information• Refund / returns policy• Bank accounts• Financial processes

• Think about the money leavingthe business…

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Example – Stealing POS transaction data

• Lots of examples in the news…

http://www.cio.com.au/article/436663/two_romanians_plead_guilty_point-of-sale_hacking/

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Motives – Using your reputation

• When money isn’t available, you are the stepping stone

• You could be related to the “real” target

• So, the types of attack change slightly

• Installing links on your website to snare visitors• Private Customer Information• Phishing attacks using your e-mail• Passing themselves off as your business

• The damage to your reputation could last a life time

Types of attack

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Common types of attack

* Source: Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report 2012

How many involve the incorrect use of passwords? 5 out of 10

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Malware / Trojans

• Common varieties that cause general havoc(Fake antivirus, ransomware)

• Retail / POS specific – “RAM Scrapers”(Designed to exflitrate transaction data)

• Remote Control Trojan or Rootkit(Designed to remain hidden for future access)

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Hacking

• When combined with custom written malware, this is highly-targeted and designed to avoid detection and remain in place for a long time.

• In 2011, Verizon reported that 81% of incidents utilised some form of hacking.

Attack vectors

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#1. Default passwords

1. The user manual says:

“Step 1. Change the default password”

2. Far too common that these are not changed, or they’re changed to someone else’s “default” password (which is widely known)

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Passwords – Back to basics!

What should we aim for in a password?

• Should be easy for you to remember

• Should be hard for someone else to guess (and

“brute-force”)

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Passwords – World’s top 10 most used

• 123456

• 123456789

• Password

• 12345678

• 654321

• Password1

• Password123

• 1234567

• abc123

• Qwerty

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Can someone guess your password?

• Favourite football team?• Pet’s name?• Family members?

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Rank these passwords in order of strength…

1. E56#av+Yb!

2. Password123

3. aaaaaAAAAA#####43

4. 123456

5. lucasjames

MOST SECURE

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Why? Anatomy of a good password

• The password: aaaaaAAAAA#####43

• It is 17 characters in length

• Contains upper and lowercase letters

• Contains numbers

• Contains the ‘#’ symbol

• How many combinations?

• 72 combinations, 17 combinations long is 72^17

• That’s 37 thousand billion billion billion combinations!

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Password separation

• Make new passwords for different accounts you access…

• Start with your “base” password (aaaaaAAAAA#####43)

• “Facebook” – you could take the letters “f” and “b” from Facebook and create a new password:

• aaaaaAAAAA#####43fb

• “Twitter” – you could take the letters “t” and “r” from Twitter and create another password:

• aaaaaAAAAA#####43tr

• Mix it up! Be creative! And don’t use these examples!

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The golden rules of passwords

• Never, never, ever give your password to someone else!

• Absolute minimum of 15 characters

• Use a combination of different characters

• Upper and lowercase (a – z, A – Z)

• At least one numeral ( 0 – 9 )

• At least one symbol ( !@#$%^&*()_+= )

• Password length is always better than randomness

• Must be easy for you to remember

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#2. Your vulnerable website

• Websites are being compromised too frequently, especially:

• Wordpress, Joomla and others

• Is your website password also used elsewhere?

• Examples of impact to your business could be:

• Theft of credit card details if you have a shopping cart

• Stolen credentials can be used to access other systems

• Visitors to your website can be infected/snared into other scams

• Your website could be implicated in spam or phishing attacks

• Get your website updated or tested.

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#3. Insecure wireless networks

• Wireless networks are convenient

• But poorly configured they represent a huge security risk!

• Data packets can be “sniffed” by nearby attackers

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Secure your wireless networks

• Amazing how many are insecure – including my GP!

• Never use “WEP”, always use “WPA” or “WPA2”

• Wireless password should be very long and NOT easy to remember (okay to write it down somewhere safe)

• When using public WiFi networks, it’s always better to use password protected ones rather than “open” wireless networks – easy for criminals to “sniff” the traffic

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#4. Incorrect internet banking

• Many businesses I speak with are using “Consumer” grade

Internet banking

• Not secured with two-factor authentication

• Sharing logins with bookkeepers etc. (no ability to separate

permissions – i.e. who can transfer money?)

• SOLUTION: Talk to your bank!

• General security when accessing Internet banking

• Never from an unprotected computer – keyloggers etc.

• Always bookmark the Bank URL with https://…

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Internet banking – Two-factor authentication

• Insist on “Two-factor” authentication for business Internet banking; either a security token (preferred) or an SMS response code.

• Contact your bank ASAP if you find anything unusual

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#5. Phishing, spear phishing & whaling

• Sending of specially crafted e-mails to trick users into divulging sensitive information

• “Click here to see the details of your order” –> (login page)

• Does your e-mail use anti-spam to stop these? What about the ones that it won’t stop?

Scammers & spammers

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Rogue scanners & fake antivirus

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Fake antivirus – Nag screens and pop-ups

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Ransomware – Your PC is blocked…

“Australian Federal Police” labeled Ransomware – first appeared late September 2012

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Scams – Fake Telstra emails

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Scams – Fake Facebook emails

* Received by AVG on 7 August 2012

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Social engineering – Getting you to click

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Big events – London 2012 games on YouTube

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Mobile security – Rogue apps

• Trojan-infected version of ‘Angry Birds Space’ appeared in January 2012

• Malicious functionality can communicate with remote servers, install additional malware, botnet functions

• Only download from official app stores

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SMS scams & extortion attempts

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“Microsoft” acam – How the call starts

• …Microsoft had told them of the failure and that your system was in danger of crashing…

• …a Partner of Microsoft and Microsoft R&D, given information by your ISP that you are infected…

• …viruses being tracked back to your IP number…

• …have been commissioned by Microsoft to help people remove malware from infected systems…

• …My ID Number is XXX. We have been notified that your system is infected…

Mobile security tips

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Mobile security - What are the risks?

• Physical loss of the device, still the biggest risk

• Infection from malware and possible fraud

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Mobile security – Physical risks

• Device locks• PIN numbers and/or passwords

• Can you locate your lost/stolen phone?• “Find My iPhone/iPad”

• Android solutions as well

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Mobile Security - Protecting Mobile Data

• What data do you have on your devices?• Do an audit to find out!

• Classify your data and think about the consequences

• Does it need to be mobile?

• Device encryption available in latest mobile devices

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Mobile security - Preventing mobile malware

• Use anti-malware on your mobile

• Don’t install apps from outside trusted marketplaces

• When installing apps always check permissions

• Never, ever hack your phone

• i.e. iPhone/iPad “Jailbreak” or Android “root”

• Limit/consider implications of clicking on links on a mobile device, especially via social networking sites

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Adopting a security mindset

Protect Detect Correct

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Identify and classify your data

• Consider classifying all the data in your business into three areas:

• Top secret (if obtained could shut your business down)

• Classified (if obtained would cause embarrassment)

• Unclassified (everything else, brochures, publicly available)

• Your strategies around protecting your information will be much easier.

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Summary

• Change default passwords, and use strong and long passwords, and separate them.

• Use strong two-factor authentication whenever you can.

• Always update your computers and mobile devices (use auto-update where possible).

• If you didn’t ask for it, don’t click the link. But if you do, make sure you’ve got software to detect and correct.

• And communicate this advice to your colleagues and staff and even customers! You’re only as secure as your weakest link.

Thank you!

For more information please visit our website:www.avg.com.au/business

facebook.com/avgaunz twitter.com/avgaunz resources.avg.com.au