How is it viewed? & Who is the audience? News? 1.

How is it viewed?

&

Who is the audience?

News?1

Quotes about what is news 1

When a dog bites a man that is not news, but when a man bites a dog that is news.Charles Anderson Dana, American journalist, 1819-1897

News is what somebody somewhere wants to suppress; all the rest is advertising. Lord Northcliffe, British publisher 1865-1922

2


Well, news is anything that's interesting, that relates to what's happening in the world, what's happening in areas of the culture that would be of interest to your audience. Kurt Loder, American journalist, b. 1945

It is hard news that catches readers. Features hold them.Lord Northcliffe, British publisher 1865-1922

3


News is anything that makes a reader say, `Gee Whiz'!Arthur MacEwen, American editor

No one says "Gee Whiz!" very much these days, of course, not even in America — both because that expression has long since been supplanted by others more colourful and less printable, and because our capacity for surprise has long since been dulled by a surfeit of sources.Shashi Tharoor, Indian writer and diplomat, b. 1956

4


To a journalist, good news is often not news at all. Phil Donahue, American entertainer, b. 1935

No news is good news. Ludovic Halevy, French author, 1834-1908

5


For most folks, no news is good news; for the press, good news is not news.Gloria Borger, American journalist, b. 1952

The real news is bad news.Marshall Mcluhan, Canadian communications theorist, 1911-1980

6


[News is] a first rough draft of history. Philip L. Graham, American publisher, 1915-1963

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So what is news?

News has two priorities: it must be current, and it must mean something to people.

A story about the environment and a story about the Oscars can both be newsworthy, for different reasons.

http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/special_initiatives/toolkit/news_industry/what_is_it_news.cfm

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What Is News? As a journalist, you

typically write articles and get to choose your story topics.

But first you need to understand your audience.

How do they view news? What is news to them?

Then once you have done that, it's important to understand what makes something or someone newsworthy.

9

A brief look

Journalism History10

MediaMedia AudienceAudience

Newspapers First American

newspaper, Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestick, is published in Boston — 1690

Declaration of Independence — 1776

Photography —1826

Only wealthy & clergy were educated

Almost exclusively white male audience

How has the news audience changed? 11


Magazines McCall's Magazine and

The Saturday Evening Post

Used advertising to keep pricing low

Between 1890 and 1905 the circulation of monthly periodicals went from 18 million to 64 million.

How has the news audience changed?

Cover of 1911

McCall's magazine

12


Magazines Good Housekeeping

and Vogue began targeting niche markets

General interest and ladies magazines flourished.

Women’s readership increased as they were targeted.


1930’s Vogue Cover

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Newspapers 1917 Ethnic papers

reach a peak with 1,323 foreign-language publications 1910-1914 Number of newspapers in the US reaches a high.

Faster presses helped to lower costs

Readership increased among minorities.


Freedom’s Journal 1827First African American owned and operated newspaper published in the United States.

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Media ThenMedia Then AudienceAudience

1900’s Magazines & NSPs Yellow & Muckraking

Journalism McClure's Magazine,

owned by Samuel McClure

Magazines—1920’s-40’s Founding of Time, Reader’s Digest, Life, Look

Penny papers made news available to most.

Those “interested” in editors exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, or sensationalism. YJ

Public interested in of researched investigation of corruption and social problems. M



Telegraph — 1900Radio — 1910 (about)

The First Radio News Broadcast August 31, 1920

The first radio news program is broadcast by station 8MK in Detroit, Michigan.



Newspapers After 1954 More News

Was Distributed Electronically than on Paper 1950

According to Asa Brigg’s The History of British Broadcasting in the United Kingdom, Vol. 4, p. 524, newspaper circulation in.

Thereafter more news was distributed over radio and television than through print.



TV Commercial black and

white television broadcasting began in the US.

Regular color broadcasts 1963

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PastPast AudienceAudience

Personal Home Computers — late 1970’s The Apple founded

1977 Tandy TRS-80 Commodore Pet Apple released the

Macintosh — 1984


PublicEducatorsStudents

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Cable news just started The Cable News Network

(CNN) was launched at 5:00 p.m. EST on Sunday June 1, 1980


CNN's first broadcast with David Walker and Lois Hart on June 1, 1980.

Cable subscribers

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ARPANET — 1962 Advanced Research

Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense

A future-oriented funder of ‘high-risk, high-gain’ research, lays the groundwork for what much later becomes the Internet.

"In the Beginning, ARPA created the ARPANET. And the ARPANET was without form and void.

And darkness was upon the deep.

And the spirit of ARPA moved upon the face of the network and ARPA said, 'Let there be a protocol,' and there was a protocol. And ARPA saw that it was good.

And ARPA said, 'Let there be more protocols,' and it was so. And ARPA saw that it was good.

And ARPA said, 'Let there be more networks,' and it was so."

—- Danny Cohen



Internet 199o ARPANET

formally shuts down after 20 years.

Internet first became viable for public use.

1994, journalists made their first tentative steps onto the internet.


Scientists Government workers Military

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MediaMedia

Internet Associated Press (f.

1846) launches AP Streaming News to give news sites and broadcasters multimedia content — 2000

News ProfessionalsPublic


AudienceAudience

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Internet Online journalists were

at the cutting edge of news reporting, both during and after the destruction of the World Trade Center on 11 September 2001.

As 9/11 crisis unfolded, telegraph.co.uk serviced 600 page requests per second.



Internet July 2005

Eyewitnesses sending photos and reports on mobile phones provide the first on-location material ahead of professional journalists.

Professional photographers worry that their jobs are threatened by the rise of 'citizen journalism', but many publishers feel the content provides a valuable supplement to their core coverage.


2006 Study Points the Way

Where does the audience view news now?

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Let the public guide you

Study released by Pew Research Center for the People and Pew Research Center for the People and

the Press the Press July 2006July 2006An average day81 percent 81 percent of Americans access news

Where are they getting it?

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Snapshot of Typical Day

13 million people listen to "Morning Edition" on NPR1

9 million people watch ABC World News Tonight2

2.4 million people watch The O'Reilly Factor on Fox News3

1.6 million people watch The Daily Show4

1.4 million people visit NYTimes.com5

1 million people buy The New York Times print edition6

715,000 people buy The Washington Post print edition7

500,000 people visit Daily Kos8

350,000 people watch CNN's American Morning9

55,000 people visit Power Line10

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Snapshot of a Typical Day29

Snapshot of a Typical Day30

On a typical day Americans...

57% watch TV news 40% read a

newspaper 36% listen to news on

the radio23 % get news online

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On a typical day Americans...

Online news visits 18% visit news

aggregators (Google News, Yahoo! News, AOL News, etc.)

14% visit national TV networks' sites (CNN.com, MSNBC.com, ABCnews.com, etc.)

14% visit newspaper Web sites

4% visit news blogs 3% visit online news

magazines (Slate.com, Salon.com, etc.)

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On a typical day...

57% of Americans watch TV news 54% watch their local

news 34% watch cable news

channels 28% watch the nightly

network news 23% watch the

morning news programs (The Today Show, Good Morning America, etc.)

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On a typical day...

57% of Americans watch TV news 54% watch their local

news 34% watch cable news

channels 28% watch the nightly

network news 23% watch the

morning news programs (The Today Show, Good Morning America, etc.)

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The total number of Americans getting news on an average day is down almost 10 percent from 1994.

On average, Americans spend 67 minutes of each day gathering news from various formats.

Overall audience trends:35

Most likely to get no news at all.Most likely to get no news at all.

27 percent of people report they get no news on an average day.

Those who do get news, half go to multiple sources.

Young Americans (under 30) on an average day

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63 percent watch non-news TV

44 percent exercise or play a sport

38 percent read a book,

24 percent read a magazine

24 percent watch a movie at home

17 percent play video games.

Americans on an average day

As points of comparison:As points of comparison:

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Find out where people find their news.

Your Turn38

Fill out handout

Homework CornerPick up from the front desk copy of

Where do people find their news?

1. Listen to directions given by instructor and written on handout.

2. Talk to people not in this class.

3. Do all five interviews and tally by next class.

4. Do not fill out the last three questions until next class.

5. Remember to put your name on the paper.

6. PBS Frontline http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/newswar/part3/stats.html

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Asking questions

1. Open-ended

2. Follow-up

These questions will always give you the best answers.

These are questions that cannot be simply answered yes or no.

This forces the respondent to give you better, longer answers.

Ask questions like:Ask questions like:1. How do you obtain your news

information?2. Where do you find news

information?3. How often do you read, listen or

watch news?4. Which news sources do you believe

are most trustworthy?

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Asking questions

1. Open-ended

2. Follow-up

These build off of a response from the interviewee.

These often get a reporter their best information.

Ask questions like:Ask questions like:1.1. How do you obtain your news information?How do you obtain your news information?

2.2. Where do you find news information?Where do you find news information? Which channel, web page, paper specifically

do you use? What is the specific name of the location you

use?

3.3. How often do you read, listen or watch How often do you read, listen or watch news?news?

What time of day do you do this?

4.4. Which news sources do you believe are most Which news sources do you believe are most trustworthy?trustworthy?

Why do you find them to be trustworthy?

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Example42

KATU Ch.2 TVX

OregonLiveOnline NSP X

The ReviewNSP X

FacebookOnline X

KOIN Ch.6Online TV X

She did not seem to be very aware of what was going on in the news. Did know not to trust Facebook.

Fill out handout

Homework CornerPick up from the front desk copy of

Where do people find their news?

1. Listen to directions given by instructor and written on handout.

2. Talk to people not in this class.

3. Do all five interviews and tally by next class.

4. Do not fill out the last three questions until next class.

5. Remember to put your name on the paper.

6. PBS Frontline http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/newswar/part3/stats.html

43

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