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How Male and Female Students Perform in Toronto District School Board (TDSB) Schools
Equally Prepared for Life?
BackgroundThe following slides provide information about the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) student achievement results in various areas over time, aggregated by student gender:
• Early Development Instrument (EDI) for SK students: Spring 2008• Provincial Primary and Junior Reading Assessment (EQAO)• Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT)• Credit Accumulation of the TDSB Grade 9 Cohort• Credit Accumulation of Age-Appropriate Grade 10 Students• 17 Year Old Annual Student Outcomes• 17 Year Old Post-Secondary Confirmations: 2007 Application Cycle• Safe Schools (Student Suspensions)
Purpose
The purpose of the slides is to provide TDSB educators information about gender gaps in order for programming at the school, Family of Schools, and Board level.
What it is:What it is:
The Early Development Instrument (EDI) is a community measure of young children’s school readiness, based on teachers’ assessment of their Kindergarten students. The EDI has five domains:
• Physical Health and Well-Being
• Social Knowledge and Competence
• Emotional Health and Maturity
• Language Skills and Cognitive Development
• Communication and General Knowledge
Senior Kindergarten students (SK) who scored among the lowest 10% of the student population in Canada on two or more domains are generally considered vulnerable.
Early Development Instrument (EDI)
The Pattern:The Pattern:
The Spring 2008 EDI results show that:
10% more male SK students scored very low on two or more domains than female students;
Senior Kindergarten Students with very low scores on two or more domains, by Gender
11%
21%
0%
10%
20%
30%
Female Male
Early Development Instrument (EDI)
Early Development Instrument (EDI)
The Pattern:The Pattern:
The Spring 2008 EDI results also show that:
Gender gaps exist on all five domains;
The largest gaps are in the areas of Social Competence and Emotional Maturity.
Domains showing SKs with lowest 10th percentile scores, by Gender
18%
15%
17%
19%
14%
12%
10%
6%
9%
9%
0% 10% 20% 30%
Communication skills &general knowledge
Language/cognitivedevelopment
Emotional maturity
Social competence
Physical health & well-being
Male Female
Spring 2008 EDI: SK Students Scored Low on Each of the Five Domains by Gender
What It IsWhat It Is
EQAO assessments are based on the reading, writing, and mathematics expectations in The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 1–8. Each assessment covers the knowledge and skills that students are expected to have acquired by the end of the grade being assessed.
The EQAO provides results by two reporting methods:
Method 1 includes all students registered in a particular grade; and
Method 2 includes participating students and excludes students who were exempt or had no data.
Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO) Assessments for Primary
and Junior Divisions
The TrendThe Trend
Over the past five years, the gender gap in favour of females has remained relatively consistent and is particularly pronounced in Reading and Writing.
The following slide provides EQAO Grade 3 and Grade 6 Reading results for all students (Method 1) over time by gender.
The gender gap has been 8-13% over the past five years and is currently 11% in Grade 3 and 13% in Grade 6.
Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO) Assessments for Primary
and Junior Divisions
Grade 3 Reading - Percentage of All Students at or Above the Provincial Standard (Levels 3 and 4)
63%63%65%60%58%48% 52% 53% 52%52%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Assessment Year
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
Stu
de
nts
Females Males
Grade 6 Reading- Percentage of All Students at or Above the Provincial Standard (Levels 3 and 4)
70%67%67%67%65%
53% 59%54% 57%55%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Assessment Year
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
Stu
de
nts
Females Males
EQAO Primary Division (Grades 1–3) and Junior Division (Grades 4–6) Reading
Results by Gender
What It IsWhat It Is
The Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT), established by the Ministry of Education, is one of the requirements for an Ontario Secondary School Diploma. The test assesses the reading and writing skills of students in their Grade 10 year.
“Fully Participating Students” (Method 2) includes only those students who wrote the test on both days, and who were assigned an achievement result (Successful, Not Successful). It excludes students who were exempted, deferred, or absent.
The Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT)
The Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT)
The TrendThe Trend
The gender gap has been 4-7% over the past five years and is currently 4%, with 84% of female and 80% of male students successfully completing the test in 2008-09.
The Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT):
First-Time Eligible Students by Gender
OSSLT- Percentage of Fully Participating First-Time Eligible Succesful Students
84%83%84%79% 84%
73% 77% 78%80%
78%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Assessment Year
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
Stu
de
nts
Female Male
What It IsWhat It Is
Grade 9 credit accumulation examines the proportion of Grade 9 students who, by the end of Summer School, had completed 7 or more credits. These students are more likely to graduate within five years of starting secondary school.
The Grade 9 student cohort consists of 13-15 year old students who attended the TDSB over the full school year (September through June next year) and who, according to student records, were new to secondary school studies.
Credit Accumulation of the TDSB Grade 9 Student Cohort
The TrendThe Trend
There has been a very gradual, but consistent increase in the proportion of students who had completed 7 or more credits by the end of Grade 9.
Both male and female students are doing better, but the gender gap has declined slightly, from 6% in 2003-04 to 4% in 2007-08.
Credit Accumulation of the TDSB Grade 9 Student Cohort
Grade 9 Credit Accumulation (Completed 7+ Credits)
87% 89% 89% 89%
81% 82% 83% 85%86%80%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
School Year
Per
cen
tag
e o
f S
tud
ents
Female Male
Credit Accumulation of the TDSB Grade 9 Student Cohort by Gender
Credit Accumulation of Age-Appropriate Grade 10 Students
What It IsWhat It Is
Grade 10 credit accumulation examines the proportion of age-appropriate Grade 10 students who, by the end of Summer School, had completed 15 or more credits.
These students are more likely to graduate within five years of starting secondary school.
Credit Accumulation of Age-Appropriate Grade 10 Students
The TrendThe Trend
Since 2003-04, the proportion of both male and female students completing 15 or more credits has increased by 2% in 2007-08.
However, the gender gap still remains at 8%.
Credit Accumulation of Age-Appropriate Grade 10 Students by Gender
Grade 10 Credit Accumulation (Completed 15+ Credits)
79% 80% 81% 81%
70% 72% 72% 73%79%
71%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
School Year
Per
cen
tag
e o
f S
tud
ents
Female Male
What It IsWhat It Is
This examines what happened to 17 year old students (most of whom were in their fourth year of secondary studies). By next Fall students were categorized as:
1) graduated or accumulated 30 or more credits;
2) still attending the TDSB;
3) transferred into another educational institution; or
4) dropped out of school.
Note:Note: This is only a one-year snapshot of the outcomes for this age group.
17 Year Old Annual Student Outcomes
17 Year Old Annual Student Outcomes
The TrendThe Trend
Over time, the proportion of graduating 17 year olds has increased among both male and female students.
However, the gap between males and females has remained constant, at 12-13% over five years.
17 Year Old Annual Student Outcomes17 Year Old Annual Student Outcomes by by GenderGender
17 Year Old Student Outcomes
46%
59%
48%
60%
50%
63%
52%
64%
52%
64%
40%
31%
38%
28%
37%
27%
36%
26%
12%
9%
12%
9%
11%
9%
12%
41%
30%
12%
10%
10%
9493
8844
9507
8773
9581
8911
9872
9168
9852
9097
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
Diploma or 30+ Credits In TDSB in Fall of the Next School YearTransfer Outside TDSB/Drop-out
Count
What It IsWhat It Is
Students applying to post-secondary institutions in Ontario provide applications through the Ontario Universities Applications Centre (OUAC) and the Ontario College Application Centre (OCAS). We matched the 2007 applications with information in our Student Information System (SIS) for the 17 year old students in the TDSB on March 31, 2007.
The following graph examines students who confirmed an offer of admission to an Ontario university; who confirmed an offer of admission to an Ontario college; those who apply to both university and college programs, but did not confirm an acceptance; and those who do not apply to post-secondary.
17 Year Old Post-secondary Confirmations: 2007 Application Cycle
The PatternThe Pattern
Male students are much less likely to confirm an offer of admission to Ontario universities than female students.
However, this is not the case with community colleges, where both male and female students are equally as likely to confirm an offer.
17 Year Old Post-secondary Confirmations: 2007 Application Cycle
17 Year Old Post-secondary Confirmations: 2007 Application Cycle by
Gender
Gender – Post-secondary Confirmations
41%
29%
7%
6%
11%
10%
41%
55%
9184
9897
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Female
Male
Gen
der
% of Students
Confirmed university Confirmed college Apply post-secondary but non-confirmed Did not apply 2007
Count
What It IsWhat It Is
A safe and positive learning environment is essential for student success.
On February 1, 2008, Bill 212: The Education Amendment Act (Progressive Discipline and School Safety) came into effect.
The following three slides provide information about the student suspensions in each panel and grade by gender using the TDSB safe schools suspensions/expulsions data collected before and after Bill 212.
Safe Schools
The PatternThe Pattern
Males were suspended approximately 3 to 4 times the rate as females. In 2008-09, 79 % of all suspensions were given to males.
This has not changed considerably in the past five years. For 2008-09, there were 6,174 boys and 1,736 girls who received a suspension.
Intermediate and Senior divisions (Grades 7-12) accounted for 79.1% of all suspensions.
Junior and Senior Kindergarten grades (JK-SK) accounted for 0.1% of all suspensions.
Primary and Junior divisions (Grades 1-6) accounted for 20.8% of all suspensions.
Safe Schools
Elementary and Secondary Student Suspensions by Gender
Suspensions by Gender
79%
79%
79%
78%
79%
73%
74%
74%
77%
84%
83%
83%
83%
22%
21%
27%
26%
26%
23%
17%
17%
17%
17%
17%
84%
74%
21%
21%
21%
26%
25258
17986
14989
13217
11637
11466
8705
7472
7167
6589
13792
9281
7517
6049
5048
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09E
lem
enta
ry &
Sec
onda
ySe
cond
ary
Pan
elE
lem
enta
ry P
anel
Male FemaleSuspension
Count
Total Number of Suspensions By Grade and Gender: 2008-09*
*Based on the Safe Schools database used in Data Interpretation Handbook 2008-09
Thank you
Toronto District School Board (TDSB)