How many dictators can you name? What makes a dictator?

starter activity

How did Hitler How did Hitler establish a establish a

dictatorship so dictatorship so quickly?quickly?

To be able to explain how To be able to explain how Hitler went from Chancellor Hitler went from Chancellor

to Supreme Leader of to Supreme Leader of Germany in only 18 monthsGermany in only 18 months

Aims

On 30 January 1933, Hitler became Chancellor of Germany. What stopped him setting up a dictatorship immediately?

Limits to Hitler’s powers Limits to Hitler’s powers in 1933in 1933

He was only ChancellorHe was only Chancellor NOT president of the NOT president of the Weimar RepublicWeimar Republic

Hitler owed his job to HindenburgHitler owed his job to Hindenburg – he could – he could sack himsack him

Hindenburg was suspiciousHindenburg was suspicious of Hitler as were of Hitler as were members of the members of the EliteElite

Germany was a democracyGermany was a democracy – he could only – he could only make laws if the Reichstag approvedmake laws if the Reichstag approved

Lacked a majorityLacked a majority - Nazis were single largest - Nazis were single largest party (Nov 1932, 196 seats/ 33% of vote)party (Nov 1932, 196 seats/ 33% of vote)

Declining popularityDeclining popularity - Nazis gained 37%/230 - Nazis gained 37%/230 seats in Jul 1932 electionsseats in Jul 1932 elections

Your taskYour task Read about the steps Read about the steps

by which Hitler took by which Hitler took control of the control of the German government German government using p.34-36 of using p.34-36 of ‘Germany, 1919-45’. ‘Germany, 1919-45’. Complete the chart Complete the chart your teacher gives your teacher gives you. The first stage you. The first stage has been dome for has been dome for you.you.

Reichstag Fire, 27 February 1933

1 March 1993, Protection Law

23 March Enabling Act

Gestapo formed, 7 April 1933

Trade unions banned, 2 May 1933

Non-Nazi political parties banned, 14 July 1933

Night of the Long Knives, 30 June 1934

Death of Hindenburg, 2 August 1934

Your taskYour task Identify the factors which led to Identify the factors which led to

Hitler establishing a dictatorship.Hitler establishing a dictatorship. Which factor do you think was the Which factor do you think was the

most important?most important?

Start from 2:45

FactorsFactors Use of censorship, e.g. of press & mediaUse of censorship, e.g. of press & media Changes in law, e.g. Enabling ActChanges in law, e.g. Enabling Act Use of force, e.g. SA, Night of Long Use of force, e.g. SA, Night of Long

KnivesKnives Fear, e.g. GestapoFear, e.g. Gestapo Removal of opposition, e.g. trade Removal of opposition, e.g. trade

unions, Rohm, opposition partiesunions, Rohm, opposition parties Chance – burning down of ReichstagChance – burning down of Reichstag

Extension taskExtension task Conduct some further research into Conduct some further research into

the Reichstag Fire. What evidence is the Reichstag Fire. What evidence is there to suggest the fire was there to suggest the fire was deliberately planned by the Nazis. deliberately planned by the Nazis. Start with your text book, p.64-5.Start with your text book, p.64-5.

PlenaryPlenary What were the limits on Hitler’s What were the limits on Hitler’s

powers when he became Chancellor powers when he became Chancellor in 1933?in 1933?

What are the characteristics of a What are the characteristics of a dictatordictator

List 5 factors which helped Hitler set List 5 factors which helped Hitler set up a dictatorshipup a dictatorship