Date post: | 28-Nov-2014 |
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Hello! I’m Caitlin. I am here to tell you
a story about Learning…
…about Creative Communication…
…and about
Australian beef!
We love our steaks, roasts, pies, sausages, stews, meatballs, tacos and hamburgers!
How are cattle
raised?
What breeds of cattle makes “Beef”?
What are the environmental
issues?
Are any other
products made from
cattle?
How many cattle feed
Sydney every day?
We have thought a lot about BEEF production issues! The Caroline Chisholm College Agriculture Team raises steers every year to learn about:
• Cattle selection -Breeding & Genetics • Cattle physiology • Nutrition & feeding regimes • Disease & pest management • Water & shelter requirements • Stock transport & Biosecurity • Abattoir logistics (slaughtering) • Consumer preferences & marketing strategies • Environmental concerns such as methane emissions, soil degradation, weeds & biodiversity
There are 48,866 beef cattle properties in Australia, with a national herd of 28 million head. In total, Australian beef cattle farmers produce 2.1 million tonnes of beef and veal each year.
- Australian Bureau of Statistics, Livestock Products, Australia, June 2010.
Between 2010 and 2015 adult cattle processing is forecast to rise by 13%, to 9.5 million head (reaching 2.4 million tonnes by 2015).
- Meat & Livestock Australia, Industry Projections, Mid-year update, June 2010.
Australians spend $6.4 billion on beef. In terms of volume, beef is the second most popular fresh meat consumed through the food service industry (after chicken).
- Meat & Livestock Australia, Fast Facts 2009: Australian Beef Industry.
Australia exports 927,000 tonnes of beef and veal in 2009, worth $4.3 billion. The major export markets for beef and veal are Japan (38%), the United States (27%) and Korea (12%).
- Australian Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Red Meat Export Statistics 2010 and Meat & Livestock Australia, Fast Facts 2009: Australia’s Beef Industry.
Australian live cattle exports in 2009 were worth $665.5 million – predominantly exporting to Indonesia (72%), China (11%) and Israel (3%).
- Australian Bureau of Statistics, Livestock Products, Australia, June 2010.
Australia is the second largest beef exporter in the world (behind Brazil).
- Meat & Livestock Australia, Fast Facts 2009: Australia’s Beef Industry.
Thanks to our Agriculture teachers – who always
think outside the square - we were involved in the
Art4Agriculture Archibull Award in 2011. We wanted
to show how Australian Farmers are actively SOLVING
production, animal welfare, and environmental
PROBLEMS using best practice, targeted research and
development, and advanced technologies.
…discussing our favourite puzzles & games to align with the PROBLEM SOLVING concept.
The iconic Rubiks Cube just lent itself to a Bovine twist, & so became…
…the
Moobiks Cube.
Our concept became an Interactive Artwork aiming to highlight how Australian Farmers
are SOLVING production, animal welfare, and environmental PROBLEMS.
Dealing with
Climatic
Variability –
droughts and
floods
Pasture & Feed
Management –
crop species
selection and
stocking rates
Pest and
Disease control
– Biosecurity for
animals, plants
and People
Animal Welfare
requirements –
from the
paddock to the
abattoir
The beef industry is large and diverse, and beef is
produced under widely varying climatic and
environmental conditions. Beef is produced on
properties that vary in size, management
regimes and enterprise mixes.
Farmers select the breeds of cattle that are best
adapted to the conditions in their region to
maximize production.
Cool climate cattle are European breeds (Bos
taurus) and hot climate cattle breeds come from
Asia (Bos indicus).
Australian farmers hybridise cattle to create high
production, heat tolerant breeds.
Cattle are bred for structural strength, highest muscle yield, best fat distribution, as well as temperament and mothering ability (means healthier calves)
Cattle can be cross-bred to mix in desired traits, or line-bred to maintain breed quality
Artificial Insemination and embryo transfer are biotechnologies that speed up the process of selective breeding
From ancestral beasts
To amazing diversity
Australian lean beef is an important source of protein, essential vitamins and minerals, and is more nutrient dense than poultry, pork or fish. It provides iron, zinc and vitamin B12.
The Australian Healthy Eating Guidelines recommend that lean beef be consumed 3-4 times per week as part of a healthy balanced diet.
Are YOU getting enough BEEF?
Introducing “Beef Essentials Version 1.0.2.”
You can get it on iTunes now!
Who needs Master Chef when you’ve
got Beef Apps?
From anti-aging creams and surgical sutures to chocolate milkshakes and marshmallows... …we have injected products from cattle into nearly every corner of our lives…
bovine thrombin - clotting agent for blood
antibodies (immunoglobins) beef insulin
bovine super oxide - dismutase cream Orgotein- cosmetic skin cream to prevent tissue aging.
bovine collagen - used as injections to fill scars bovine fibrinolysin - ointment for necrotic tissue
pill capsules - GELATIN
fetal bovine serum - tissue cultures whole serum - vaccine manufacturing
PRODUCTS FROM OVARIES estrogen progesterone
PRODUCT FROM STOMACHS pepsin - aid in protein digestion rennet - aid in milk digestion PRODUCTS FROM THYROIDS
bovine thyroid replacement
PRODUCTS FROM ADRENALS cortisone - for arthritis, skin allergies, anti-inflammatory medicine epinephrine - aid in raising blood pressure, heart disorders, and allergies
PRODUCTS FROM LIVERS heparin - anti-coagulant, prevents gangrene liver extract - treatment of anemia intrinsic factor - pernicious anemia Vitamin B12 - prevention of B-complex deficiencies
PRODUCTS FROM BONES bone marrow - blood disorders bone meal - calcium and phosphorous
PRODUCTS FROM LUNGS heparin - anti-coagulant, prevents gangrene
PRODUCTS FROM PANCREAS chymotrypsin - contact surgery , diastase (starch digestion ), glucagon - treat hypoglycemia ; insulin - diabetes mellitus, pancreatin , trypsin
PRODUCTS FROM BLOOD plasma protein; albumin - RH factor typing; Fraction I – hemophilia; Fraction V - kills viruses; iron for anemia; thrombin -coagulant; protein extracts
bovine thrombin - clotting agent for blood
antibodies (immunoglobins) beef insulin
bovine super oxide - dismutase cream Orgotein- cosmetic skin cream to prevent tissue aging.
bovine collagen - used as injections to fill scars bovine fibrinolysin - ointment for necrotic tissue
pill capsules - GELATIN
fetal bovine serum - tissue cultures whole serum - vaccine manufacturing
PRODUCTS FROM OVARIES estrogen progesterone
PRODUCT FROM STOMACHS pepsin - aid in protein digestion rennet - aid in milk digestion PRODUCTS FROM THYROIDS
bovine thyroid replacement
PRODUCTS FROM ADRENALS cortisone - for arthritis, skin allergies, anti-inflammatory medicine epinephrine - aid in raising blood pressure, heart disorders, and allergies
PRODUCTS FROM LIVERS heparin - anti-coagulant, prevents gangrene liver extract - treatment of anemia intrinsic factor - pernicious anemia Vitamin B12 - prevention of B-complex deficiencies
PRODUCTS FROM BONES bone marrow - blood disorders bone meal - calcium and phosphorous
PRODUCTS FROM LUNGS heparin - anti-coagulant, prevents gangrene
PRODUCTS FROM PANCREAS chymotrypsin - contact surgery , diastase (starch digestion ), glucagon - treat hypoglycemia ; insulin - diabetes mellitus, pancreatin , trypsin
PRODUCTS FROM BLOOD plasma protein; albumin - RH factor typing; Fraction I – hemophilia; Fraction V - kills viruses; iron for anemia; thrombin -coagulant; protein extracts
Gelatin is a protein called a hydrocolloid and is obtained by the
partial hydrolysis of collagen derived from the skin, white connective tissue
and bones of animals.
There are no plant sources of gelatin, and there is no chemical relationship between gelatin and other materials referred to as vegetable gelatin, such
as seaweed extracts. It is used to make jellies, lollies, medicines (tablets), and is a thickener in most processed food.
WHAT???? Jellies, marshmallows and tablets are made from cattle????
The Australian Federal Government has initiated development of National Animal Welfare Standards and Guidelines for Cattle. These new Standards (legislated and enforceable = must) and Guidelines (non-legislative =should) support cattle welfare at the farm level in Australia, in transit, and all the way through to processing at abattoirs.
Animal health, welfare and biosecurity are important at all stages of the livestock production chain. Producers have a duty of care to their livestock and each can have adverse impacts on productivity and reflect badly on the whole industry. Meat & Livestock Australia , and the greater red meat industry, have implemented measures along the supply chain to ensure the safety, quality and integrity of Australian beef. The National Livestock Inventory Scheme (NLIS) is an electronic tagging system to track cattle from “Paddock to Plate” to limit cattle theft, monitor the well-being of animals, and ensure meat safety for human consumption.
We are lucky in Australia to be surrounded by a huge protective moat – we are “Girt by Sea”! – it naturally keeps out most pests and pathogens. With imports and globalisation comes the risk of bringing in dangerous bacteria, fungi, moulds, viruses, weeds and insects that can damage our agricultural production enterprises. We spend lots of money and time reinforcing Australia’s Biosecurity.
Australia supplies disease-free beef products to the world!
If Australians eat an average 35.7 kg of beef per person, per year and the population of Sydney on August 31st 2011 is approximately 4,486,281. (Extrapolated from a population of 4,336,374 on May
15th 2009 and a population of 4,480,729 on July 20th 2011) …then… 4336374 x 35.7 kg = 154808551.8 kg of beef eaten per year
= 424133 kg per day of beef for Sydney
Cattle weighing 300-400 kg are the preferred weight class for the Sydney market and only 60% of the cow is the meat yield. Factoring this in means: 350 x 0.6 = 210 kg per cow is the dressed weight
Therefore , 424133 kg per day of beef divided by 210 kg per
head of cattle = 2020 cows per day
A review of available literature on the Australian beef industry has highlighted a number of recurring issues in environmental management. For grazing stock, the following issues were highlighted: Land management of improved pasture systems, eg. issues such as the quality, quantity and stability of plant species within the grazing system; Land degradation from soil and water erosion due to overgrazing and clearing of native vegetation; Need for effective management of woody vegetation to prevent loss of biodiversity and dryland salinity; Nutrient management also due to soil loss; and, Weed and pest control.
A review of available literature on the Australian beef industry has highlighted a number of recurring issues in environmental management. For grazing stock, the following issues were highlighted: Land management of improved pasture systems, eg. issues such as the quality, quantity and stability of plant species within the grazing system; Land degradation from soil and water erosion due to overgrazing and clearing of native vegetation; Need for effective management of woody vegetation to prevent loss of biodiversity and dryland salinity; Nutrient management also due to soil loss; and, Weed and pest control.
There has been considerable growth in organised land management groups such as Landcare in recent years.
These groups address the issues such as land degradation, water quality, salinity, soil fertility and feral animal control on a local basis by working together.
Farmers are also supported by a network of organisations in marketing, infrastructure and research and development – eg. CSIRO, MLA, and government agencies.
Farmers manage landuse through controlling animal stocking rates.
Innovative irrigation and stock watering methods are used
Research to reduce cattle methane production through feed selection and breeding is lowering CO2 emissions!
Weed and feral species control is actually the most costly & time consuming environmental problem! http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/agriculture/beef/index.html
When Australians think of the image of a farmer they see a worried person…and when a person is worried they may not be thinking clearly about the future …and perhaps are not coming up with positive solutions. Sometimes they just want to blame people.
- Poll highlights public opinion of farmers, ABC radio transcript, AM - Wednesday, 23 July , 2003 08:25:28
Reporter: Louise Willis
Alison is actively involved in the family farming business in Crookwell Southern NSW, running a stud and commercial Angus cattle operation, Myanga. Alison is a great example of the modern, problem-solving farmer- with a degree in Rural Business and experience in cattle management, Alison also runs her own business called AJM Livestock Solutions. She provides a variety of services, consultancy and training to beef producers and uses the latest technology to capture and manage cattle data. Alison assists other farmers and stakeholders in the cattle industry to comply with the National Livestock Identification System. Alison visited Caroline Chisholm College to share her passion and wisdom about farming beef cattle in Australia in the 21st Century, coping with climate variability, drought, flood and biosecurity issues. I have a real story to share about agriculture, I am passionate about agriculture, the beef industry and rural and regional communities, I love working with people and I love seeing people strive to achieve the things that they are passionate about.
The Beef cattle industry is supported by a network of structures and organisations. These structures support the industry in areas such as marketing, infrastructure and research and development. Supportive bodies include peak bodies, government agencies, beef marketing organisations and R & D institutions. A summary of this structure is presented below. Links to related web sites: Ausmeat website Australian Lot Feeders Association website Cattle Council of Australia website Cooperative Research Centre for Cattle and Beef Quality website Meat and Livestock Australia website CSIRO Livestock Industries website Beef Industry Centre (BIC), Armidale Cattle Council of Australia Australian Lot Feeders Association Meat and Livestock Australia Ltd Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Land and Water Australia
Flooding Rains Droughts
Evolution
GOLD SILVER PLATINUM
BRONZE
WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE SPONSORS OF THE
2011 CREAM OF THE CROP COMPETITION