HOW PERCEPTIONS OF HOW PERCEPTIONS OF SUCCESS AND GOALS SUCCESS AND GOALS MEDIATE MOTIVATIONMEDIATE MOTIVATION
Damon Burton Damon Burton University of IdahoUniversity of Idaho
What is success?AND
How do we define it?
IS SUCCESS SUBJECTIVE OR OBJECTIVE?
What is objective success?How does it differ from
subjective success? Give me an example of
objective success.Provide an example of
subjective success.
OBJECTIVE VERSUS SUBJECTIVE SUCCESS
Objective Success – winning or placing high in a race.
Subjective Success – reaching a valued goal such as playing slightly beyond your current performance capabilities (CPC).
Which type of success is more feasible and controllable?
MAEHR & NICHOLLS (1980)
Success and failure are not objective events BUT subjective perceptions of each individual.
Perceived success and failure are defined based on whether performance exceeds goals.
MAEHR & NICHOLLS (1980)
Goals define success and failure in 2 ways what you are trying to accomplish
or personal attributes you value amount or degree to which
performance meets or exceeds goal standards
Primary Achievement Goals social approval ability task/intrinsic
PRIMARY ACHIEVEMENT GOALS
Social Approval – others tell you that you did well
Ability – socially compare well and demonstrate competence
Task/Intrinsic – learning, mastery and self-comparison
MEASURING ACHIEVEMENT GOALS
Ewing factor table 11
Does success or failure mean the same thing to all of us?
CONCEPTS CLOSEST AND FARTHEST FROM SUCCESS
CONCEPTS CLOSEST AND FARTHEST FROM FAILURE
Do we define these terms the same way?
If not, are there gender, racial, ethnic or cultural differences in definitions of success and failure?
ANTECEDENTS & CONSEQUENCES
SUCCESS IS DEFINED IN TERMS OF VALUES
Values are learned attitudes.Values are influenced by . . .
gender roles learned from significant others
cultural values racial and ethnic-based norms and
beliefs religious doctrine other groups that influence how we
view the world and decide what is important
How do we measure subjective perceptions of success and failure?
ANTECEDENT S OF SUCCESS & FAILURE
CONSEQUENCES OF SUCCESS & FAILURE
CONSEQUENCES OF SPORT SUCCESS
ENHANCING PERSONAL INVESTMENT
Person-focused strategies
Job-focused strategiesOrganization-focused strategies
PERSON-FOCUSED STRATEGIES
Selecting motivated peoplePlacement of putting the right person in the appropriate job
Developing new goals and sense-of-self variables in individuals.
JOB-FOCUSED STRATEGIES
change job itselfchange larger organizational
network in which the job is performedsocial aspectsinherent attractivenessevaluation
ORGANIZATION-FOCUSED STRATEGIES
establishing & communicating a mission
establishing salient goalsconcern for individual in the
organizationdelegate power identify and reward excellence