HOW SAFE ARE SAFES?
Tomasz Łojewski and Tomasz SawoszczukFaculty of Chemistry of the Jagiellonian UniversityKraków, [email protected]
collection of Emeryk Hutten Czapski, 1828-1896
1854 start of a collectionlate 1850’ Ermitage
Catalogue de la collection de l´Ermitage monnaies et médailles polonaises
1894 Kraków, purchase of a town palace1901 opening of the private muzeum (Elisabeth HCz) 11.000 numismatic objects1903 part of National Museum Kraków1921 re-opened post WWII - temporary exibit. in 50’ 60’ 70’
Project European Centre of Polish Numismatics
numismatics show-room
F.Wertheim & C., Vien, 1896
0.0E+00
2.0E+08
4.0E+08
6.0E+08
8.0E+08
1.0E+09
1.2E+09
1.4E+09
1.6E+09
1.8E+09
2.0E+09
0102030405060
analyses
VOCs:
• historical safe• modern safe• indoor air
• air exchange rate
• sorbents for 3 days, VOCs• plastic and paint analysis
air exchange rate
safe filled with CO2, 72 hours monitoring of c(CO2)CO2 sensor (Vaisalla 0-2000 ppm) + datalogger (Hobo)
measurement and calculation by Dariusz Wilk
AER = 0,34/day1 exchange / 3 days
analyses
sorption tubes
mixed sorbent tubeCarbotrap B, C and Carbosieve sIII (210/140/165 mg)(Anasorb GCB2/GCB1/CMS) SKC Part. No. 226-350 (EPA TO17)1/4x3,5”, glassactive sorption – 15 literpassive sorption – 10 days, room temp., 140 ml vial
thermodesorber and GC/MS
TD: 230CC/10 min, cold trap (-30°C), ramp to 230°C, 99°C/s
GC: Rtx 5MS (Restek), 30°C/10 min, ramp to 250°C, 5°C/min
MS: ionisation 70eV, m/z 33-700
helium flow – 1 ml/min
VOCs – indoor air
indoor-air: wood, BETEX, styreneTIC = 4.0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
hexa
ne
hept
ane
acet
ic ac
id
tolue
ne
hexa
nal
ethy
lbenz
ene
p-xy
lene
styre
ne
hept
anal
pinen
e
(1-m
ethy
lethy
l)-be
nzen
e
1,3,
5-tri
met
hylbe
nzen
e
octa
nal
m-d
ichlor
oben
zene
d-lim
onen
benz
ylalco
hol
unde
cane
nona
nal
naph
talen
e
deca
nal
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
acet
one
ethe
r, iso
prop
enyl m
ethy
l
benz
ene
hept
ane
tolue
ne
acet
ic ac
id
buta
noic
acid
octa
ne
hexa
nal
ethy
lbenz
ene
p-x
ylene
styr
ene
hept
anal
benz
aldehy
de
octa
nal
VOCs – old safe
indoor-air: wood, BETEX, styreneTIC = 4
old safe:styrene & Co., acetic acidTIC = 57
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
1-pr
opan
ol, 2
-met
hyl-
benz
ene
hept
ane
acet
ic ac
id
tolue
ne
hexa
nal
ethy
lbenz
ene
p-xy
lene
styr
ene
benz
aldehy
de
inda
ne
2-bu
toxy
ethyl
acet
ate
diiso
buty
l pht
hala
te
dibu
tyl p
htha
late
VOCs – modern safe
indoor-air: wood, BETEX, styreneTIC = 4
old safe:styrene & Co., acetic acidTIC = 57
modern safe:styrene, propanol, BETEXTIC = 14
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
ethy
lacet
ate
cyklo
hexa
ne
tolue
ne
hexa
nal
ethy
loben
zene
styre
ne
n-pr
opylb
enze
ne
benz
aldeh
yde
1,1-
difluo
ro-2
-phe
nyl -
cyklo
prop
ane
2-pr
open
yl-be
nzen
e
acet
ophe
none
nona
nal
deca
nal
benz
oic a
cid h
exyl
este
r
oleic
acid
VOCs – plastic box
passive sampling for 10 days in sealed 140 ml vial
indoor-air: wood, BETEX, styreneTIC = 4
old safe:styrene & Co., acetic acidTIC = 57
modern safe:styrene, propanol, BETEXTIC = 14
plastic box:styrene & Co.
sorbents
indoor-air: wood, BETEX, styreneTIC = 4
old safe:styrene & Co., acetic acidTIC = 57
modern safe:styrene, propanol, BETEXTIC = 14
plastic box:styrene & Co.
• zeolites (clinoptilolite and others)• bentonites (montmorillonites)• actice carbon
sorbents
indoor-air: wood, BETEX, styreneTIC = 4
old safe:styrene & Co., acetic acidTIC = 57
modern safe:styrene, propanol, BETEXTIC = 14
plastic box:styrene & Co.
tested pollutant: NO2 ,VNO2 = 3 ml, m(sorbent) = 0,32 g
• zeolites (clinoptilolite and others)• bentonites (montmorillonites)• actice carbon
VOCs – old safe with sorbents
200 g of sorbents (type 1 + type 2), 70h
indoor-air: wood, BETEX, styreneTIC = 4
old safe:styrene & Co., acetic acidTIC = 57
old safe + sorbents: styrene, BETEXTIC = 27
modern safe:styrene, propanol, BETEXTIC = 14
plastic box:styrene & Co.
0
1
2
3
4
5
benz
ene
tolue
ne
acet
ic ac
id
tetra
chlo
roet
hyle
ne
n-bu
tylac
etat
e
ethy
lbenz
ene
p-xy
lene
styr
ene
pine
ne
1eth
yl-4-
met
hyl-b
enze
ne
deca
ne
1,2
- dich
loro
benz
ene
D-Lim
onene
unde
cane
nona
nal
naph
tale
ne
deca
nedioi
c acid
, dib
utyl
este
r
acetic acid:with sorbent 1.1 / without 6.0 (~400 µg/m3)
VOCs – oil paint
oil paint scraps, passive sampling
log scale
indoor-air: wood, BETEX, styreneTIC = 4
old safe:styrene & Co., acetic acidTIC = 57
old safe + sorbents: styrene, BETEXTIC = 27
modern safe:styrene, propanol, BETEXTIC = 14
plastic box:styrene & Co.
oil paint:carboxylic acids, aldehydes
collection of Emeryk Hutten Czapski