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http://asia.nikkei.com/Viewpoints/Nay-Yan-Oo/How-the-US-could-leverage-Myanmar-ties
February 3, 2017 12:20 am JST
Nay Yan Oo
How the US could leverage Myanmar ties SC Naypyitaw seeksINVESTMENT and military relations, but will Trump deliver?
Myanmar's military is clearly keen to build a relationship with the U.S. (Photo by Steve Tickner)
For those who hailed Washington's recent Myanmar policy a success, the fate of
U.S. relations with the former pariah state became a pressing question with the
advent of the Trump administration. Some now wonder if the positive aspects of
U.S. engagement with Myanmar in recent years -- including the lifting of long-
standing economic sanctions in 2015 and 2016, and active support for reforms --
will be replaced by a more unpredictable approach. Judging from remarks
by Myanmar's leaders, from State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi down, Naypyitaw
clearly hopes for further U.S. support for its democratic reforms and closer
engagement with its military.
Donald Trump's election as U.S. president has triggered an array of reactions in
the Southeast Asian country, which recently emerged from 50 years of military
rule. "Donald Trump is the American Ma Ba Tha," said U Hla Swe, a former
prominent parliamentarian from Myanmar's military-backed, former ruling
party, the USDP, and an admirer of Trump's nationalistic stance. Ma Ba Tha is a
Buddhist nationalist organization that calls for protection of nationality and
religion and has led the anti-Muslim movement. Ashin Wirathu, the controversial
monk who has whipped up anti-Muslim feeling in the country and was prominent
in Ma Ba Tha, also publicly stated: "We stand with Donald Trump."
The Trump phenomenon appeals to the military-backed former ruling party and
Ma Ba Tha supporters because Trump's nationalist rhetoric -- "America First" --
seems to reflect their own ideology. In making policy, they believe, nationalism
should take priority over democracy and human rights.
Trump's call to "build a wall" along the U.S.-Mexico border also has strong appeal
for some senior Myanmar military officials who envision their own wall along the
border with China and Thailand to block cross-border movements of the ethnic
armed groups that operate there. Several key politicians from western Rakhine
State, scene of deadly communal tensions between Muslim and Buddhist
populations from 2012, also dream of building a wall along the Bangladesh-
Myanmar border. Such a barrier, they assert, will stop border crossings and
illegal immigration. For them, Trump is a champion who protects race and
religion and promotes a unified nation.
In contrast, the business community, democracy activists and some government
officials in Myanmar are skeptical about Trump's populist stances. The new U.S.
president's isolationist pronouncements have caused alarm in such circles,
fuelling worries that U.S. aid and development assistance could decline
drastically, while investment from American companies could shrink. They are
also concerned that the U.S. might ignore Myanmar's efforts at democratic
transition, in contrast to the whole-hearted support under the Obama
administration.
Popular cause
The business community and democracy activists in Myanmar are skeptical of Trump's populist stance. Β© Reuters
From Washington's perspective, there are several reasons why the Trump
administration should accord Myanmar a prominent place in its Asia policy.
Engagement with Myanmar is a rare area of bipartisan consensus in Washington.
Politicians from both the Democratic and the Republican parties have backed
political reforms in Myanmar. Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and
former President Barack Obama, who developed a close friendship with Suu Kyi,
now Myanmar's de facto leader, are gone. But influential Republican senators
Mitch McConnell and John McCain have been strong supporters of Myanmar's
transition.
The country isIMPORTANT geopolitically, given its strategic location between
China and India, and as a link between south Asia and members of the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Myanmar can also feel the Chinese
behemoth breathing down its neck. Naypyitaw's recent political reforms and the
reorientation of foreign policy toward the West have helped the U.S. maintain a
power balance with China. The new U.S. administration therefore should not
miss this opportunity to reinforce a counterweight to China's regional influence,
especially one that is reasonably U.S.-friendly.
In addition, Myanmar has the potential to emerge as a key regional player.
Democracy has been badly fraying in Southeast Asia, as seen in the rise of a
populist administration in the Philippines, political scandal in Malaysia and
military rule in Thailand. Myanmar's peaceful transition could become a
powerful example in the region. As its fledgling democracy matures and economy
grows, Myanmar could play a more influential role in regional issues. It would be
wise for the U.S. to maintain its close friendship with a rising power in ASEAN.
Myanmar also offers a promising future for U.S. businesses and investors. With
cheap labor and abundantNATURAL resources, its untapped market of some 53
million people is a great attraction. It shares a border with two of the world's
largest markets, China and India, reinforcing its attractiveness to U.S. companies.
How the US could leverage Myanmar ties SC Naypyitaw seeksINVESTMENT and military relations, but will Trump deliver?
To continue its remarkable journey toward liberal democracy, Myanmar needs
help from the U.S. to strengthen democratic institutions, promote the rule of law,
and nurture a functional market economy. The U.S. Agency for International
Development (USAID) mission in Yangon was re-established in 2012 after a 23-
year hiatus, and a number of American non-governmental organizations have
been supporting the country's reforms.
The U.S. government should continue to encourageINVESTMENT
in Myanmar that would create job opportunities for locals, namely in the
garment industry, infrastructure and tourism.
Bilateral trade
Trump says his administration is more interested in making bilateral trade deals
than multilateral ones. Myanmar should propose a bilateral trade agreement to
institutionalize economic relations between the two countries. Inviting U.S.
corporations and financial institutions to set up business would be much easier
under bilateral trade negotiations, and U.S business would have more confidence
to invest.
In addition, the new secretary of defense should re-examine relations with
the Myanmar military. Congress still bars the U.S. military from fully engaging
with its Myanmar counterpart. The Tatmadaw (Myanmar's armed forces) still
occupies an influential role in politics with an automatic allocation of 25% of the
seats in parliament and controlling three ministries related to security. The
soldier class has no plans to return to barracks in the near future either. Still, the
generals are clearly keen to establish closer ties with the U.S. military because
they want to reduce their reliance on Beijing and have a deep desire to reconnect
with the international community. The military waits to be modernized, and the
generals look forward to assistance from the U.S.
Some diplomats and congressional leaders in Washington believe that limited
engagement with the Tatmadaw gives the U.S. the ability to influence the
military's behavior. But a recent report from the Center for Strategic and
International Studies insisted that "advancing military-to-military engagement is
a better way to enhance, promote, and deepen the professionalism and
democratic outlook of Myanmar's officer corps and accelerate their withdrawal
from politics."
The new U.S. administration should also give Myanmar's armed forces an
opportunity to get involved in international peacekeeping operations and security
affairs. Washington could invite Myanmar military officers to join the U.S.-
run International Military Education and Training program. It can offer training
in civil-military relations and counter-terrorism, as well as disaster response
management and human rights. The U.S. should encourage track 1.5 and track 2
diplomacy with non-governmental and civil society organizations.
Such moves could convince the generals to exit the political stage and
put Myanmar on the road to a truly civilian government. In return, the
Tatmadaw's leaders need to ease U.S. concerns by ensuring some involvement of
the elected civilian government in security matters, improving its human rights
record in troubled areas such as northeast Myanmar and in Rakhine State,
working closely with ethnic leaders in the peace process to end the civil war, and
terminating relations with North Korea.
The U.S. shares credit for helping end Myanmar's half-century of international
isolation. The seeds of democracy have been planted. To keep the plant alive and
help it blossom, sustenance from the international community is needed, now
more than ever. Fostering the emergence of democracy and modernization of the
military are critical to the success of Myanmar's democratic transition, and it is to
be hoped that the new U.S. administration will continue its full support for this
astonishing journey.
Nay Yan Oo is a resident fellow at the Pacific Forum, Center for Strategic and
International Studies (CSIS), and was previously at the Center for Burma
Studies at Northern Illinois University.
http://burma.irrawaddy.com/opinion/viewpoint/2017/02/06/129898.html
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α‘α αα ααα¬ α‘α αααααααΈα» ααααΈ α ααααΈα¬αα¬αααα‘ααΌα¬α α ααα¬ α‘ααα ααα‘ αΌα α‘α‘ ααααΈααααΈ αααααααααααΈαα¬αα ααα α‘αα αααααΈαα α‘ααααΈααααΈαα» ααααα» αααααααααα¬ ααα α¬ααααααΈα‘αΌα αααα α α±αααΈα¬αΌα¬αα‘ααααΈααΌααααΈ αααΈα¬ααα αααΈ ααααααα»ααα αα‘ α»ααα αα‘ αα¬ααα‘α¬αα‘ αα¬αα ααα¬αααα¦αα¬ α‘αααααααααααααΈ αα αα‘ αα¬αααααααααα¬ααααααΈ α αααααΈ ααα αΌα¬α αααΈ α‘αααα‘αα‘ααα (U.S. Agency for International Development β USAID) ααααΈα¬αα»αααααααααααΌαα α αα¬ α‘αα¬ααα¬ααααΌααα»ααα ααα αααααααααΈα‘ αα¬ααα¬ α‘α‘ααααΈααα αα‘ αΌαα‘ αΌα α‘α‘ ααααΈα‘ααααΈα‘α»αααααΈ α ααααΈα»ααααα»α α»ααα α»αααααααΈα αααΈα¬αα¬α α ααα¬ ααα¬ααα
αααααΈα‘ααΌα¬αα‘ααα‘α¬ααα αααααααΈ ααααΈ αααααααΈαα¬ ααααΈα» αααα¬ ααα‘αααααΈ α» αααα‘α α αααααα‘α α ααααααααααΈ ααααΈ αΌααααΈααααααααΈαα¬ αααα‘ α» αα‘ αα¬αα‘α‘α αΌα α αααΈ αααΈαααααΌαααααα¬ ααααΈα» αααααα¬ ααααΈα» αααα¬ ααα¬αα‘ αα¬ααα‘ααααΈα¬α¬αα¬αα‘ααααΈ ααααΈ ααα ααα¬ααα
αα¬ α‘αααααααα¬αα αΌαα αααΈ
ααααααα‘αα¬αα αΌαα αααΈαα¬ααα¬ α‘ααααααα αααααΈα¬αα αΌαααα¬ααααα‘ααα ααα‘ααααΈ αααααααα‘α‘ααααΈα¬ αα¬ ααααααΈ ααα¬ααααα¬ α‘αααααααα‘αα¬ααααΈα‘ααααΈααΌααααΈ αααΈα¬αααα¬α αααα α‘ααα»αααα¬α»αααα¬α‘ αα¬ααα¬ααα¬ α‘αααααααα¬αα αΌαα αααΈ αααα‘α ααααααΈα‘αα‘αα»α ααα ααα¬αααα‘ααααΈααΌααααΈ αααΈααααααααΈαα ααααααα‘ αα‘ αα¬αα α¬αααα αααΈα¬ αααααΈαα¬ααααΈααααΈαα¬ ααα αα αααΈα‘ αΌα α‘α‘ ααααΈααααΈα¬α ααα α±α» ααα α±α» αααααΈ ααα¬ α‘ααααααα αααααΈ α¬ ααα¬ ααααααΈαααΌααααααΌααα¬ααααααΈα‘ αα¬ααα‘ααααΈααΌααααΈ αααΈααααααααΈααααΈα¬ααααααΈααααΈα¬α ααααΈαααααΈαα¬ ααααΈα» αααα¬ ααααααα‘ααα‘αα¬ αα¬ α α‘ ααα¬ααα
αααα‘α»αααα¬αα¬αΌαα αααΈ αααα¬ααααΈ α‘α αα»ααααα¬ αααα‘α‘α α‘α‘α α¬αα¬αα αααΈα¬αα»ααα ααααααΈα‘α‘α ααα ααα¬αααα»αααα‘α‘α α¬ααα¬ αααα‘α»α ααα‘ α‘α»α ααα‘ α»ααα αα¬α αα» αααααΈα»α α»α ααα‘ αα¬ααα‘α‘α α¬αα¬αα¬αΌαααα¬αα¬αααααΈααααΈ α αα» α» α‘α ααα¬αααααα αααα α± αα»ααα¬ααα¬αα¬ααααααααααΈ ααΌαα ααα αααα αααα ααααααααααΈα¬αα‘αα‘ α¬ αα¬ααααααααΈαααααΈα α αααΈαα¬ ααα ααα α αααα¬ααααΈαααα¦ α¬ααααααααΈ αααααααΈ ααα¬ααααααα αααΈααΌααα αααα¬ααααΈ αα‘ αααααΈα¬αα¬ αα¬ ααααααΈ ααα¬αααα‘α‘α ααααΈαααααααΈα‘ααααΈ α ααααΈααα αα‘αααααααΌααα‘α‘αααααααΈααααΈ ααα»ααα ααα‘ α» α‘ α α‘ αα¬ α ααα¬ααα αα αα αα αααα¬ααααΈααααΈ αα ααα‘ αα±α¬ α αα α¬ αα α αααααΈαααααααααα¬αα‘ ααααααΈα‘ αααααΈαα¬ αααα»ααα α αααα¬ααααααααααα¬αα¬ ααααααΈ αα ααααΈα¬ α α αα¬ααααα‘ αα‘ αα¬ααα‘α‘α α¬ααα¬ ααααααααΈαα¬ ααααΈ αα¬α α αααΈαα αααααααα αααααα αααααΈ αα¬ αα‘α‘αααα‘α¬ ααααΈαααα» α‘α ααα¬αααα‘α‘αααα α ααααα α‘ααααααααααΈ ααααααΈ α α αααα¬ααααΈααααΈα¬α‘ αα¬α‘ αα¬ααα‘α¬αα‘ αα¬α α¬ ααααα α ααα¬ααα
ααα ααααα¬ αααα‘α¬αααα‘ ααα» ααααα ααΌ α¬α αα» αααααΈ αα‘α‘ααααα‘α»α α‘αα‘ αα‘α»α α‘αα‘ αα±α αα α¬α αα¬α α‘ααα‘ αΌαααα‘ αααΈα‘ αα¬ααα¬α ααααΈ αα α¬ α¬ αααααα¬ α‘ α αα‘αα¬ αααααΈαα¬ αααα¬αΌαααα¬α αααααΈ αααααααΈα¬αααα¬αααα¬ ααα¬ ααα¬ααα ααα αααα¬ ααααααααααααα¬α αα αααΈαααα¬ α
αα¬α αααΈαα¬αααα»ααα αα‘α‘ααα αα‘αααΌαα ααααΈα‘α‘α α¬α αααααΈαα ααΌ αα ααΌ α¬αα αααΈαααααΈα» αααα» αααααΈ αα»αααα‘α»αααα‘α‘αα‘αα¬ αααααΈα‘αα¬ααααΈα‘α‘αααααα ααα¬ ααα ααα¬ α‘αα‘α»ααααααΈα» ααααααα‘ααααΈ ααααΈα‘ααααΈ ααααΈαα¬αα¬ ααααααΈ α‘αααα¬ ααααααααα αααΈα¬ αα αΌααα»αααα α‘α»αααα α‘ααααα α¬ααααααΈαΌαα αα ααααΈααααΈα» α‘α αα¬ααααααΈα‘ αααα‘α ααα»ααααααΈ ααα¬ααα
α‘ αα¬ααα‘α‘ααααΈ α‘α αα»αααα‘α‘ααααα¬ααααααααα¬αααααααΈ ααααΈ αααΈαααααααααααΈ αααααΈαααααααααΈααααΈαα¬ αααα α αααΈαααααΈααΌααα αα α‘ααα‘ αΌαααα‘ααααΈ ααααΈ ααααΈ ααα ααα¬ααα ααααΈ ααα ααα¬ααα α¬ αααααα‘ αα» αααα»αααα‘α‘αα‘αα¬ αααααΈα¬ααααααααα¬αα‘α‘α α‘α‘α α¬αα α αααΈαα¬ ααα αα¬ααα αααΈα‘α‘αα‘α‘αα αα ααα α± ααα ααα¬αααα αα‘α‘α α¬αα‘α‘α‘α α¬αα‘αα α¬αα¬α α αααΈ α‘αα¬ααααΈ α¬α ααα¬α α¬α αααΈ α α αααΈα‘αααααα α»ααα ααα αΌα¬αααα¬ αααα α‘α α‘ αΌαααα‘ αααΈ ααααααααΈααααΈ ααααΈαααα ααα¬αααα‘ αα¬ααα‘ αα» αααα‘α‘ααααΈααα αα‘ αΌα α‘ αΌα α‘α‘ ααααΈααααΈ ααα‘ α» α»α α‘ αΌα α‘α‘ ααααΈααααΈαα¬ αααα¬α ααααΌαααααααΈ αα αα¬ααα¬αα αααΈα‘α»αααα‘ αΌαα αα¬αα αααΈα ααααΈααααΈ ααααΈαααα ααα¬ααα
α€ αα ααα ααααααααΈ α α α αααα¬ααααΈααααΈα¬ααααααα αααΈαααα αα¬ ααΌα¬α αΌα α‘ααααααααα¬ α α‘αααααααααΈα»αααααααααα¬αα‘αα ααααΈα‘α‘ααααΈα‘α‘α‘α‘α‘αα‘α¬ αα αα± α α¬α α‘ ααααααΈ αα¬ααααααΈ αα± ααααα ααα ααααΈαααα ααα¬αααα‘α»αααα‘α¬ α‘α»αααα‘α¬ ααα‘ααααΈα» αααααα ααα αααααΈ αααααααΈ α ααααΈ αΌαααΈ α¬αα¬α αα‘αα ααααΈα‘α‘ααααΈααααΈα‘α‘ααααΈα α αααΈα¬αα‘ααααΈααΌααα α αα ααα αΌα¬αα» αααααΈ α»αααααααααα‘ α¬ α»αα¬ααααααααΈαα¬ ααα αααα»α ααααα¬αα ααα»ααΌααα¬ α αα»ααΌααα¬ α α ααααααΈααΌαα α α‘ αΌαααα‘ αααΈα¬ αααααααΈαααααΈαα¬α α‘ααα ααα αΌ ααα αΌα¬αα» αααααΈ α»α αααΌαααααΈα‘α‘αα‘ααααΈα‘ααααΈ αα α‘ααααααααΈ ααααΈ αααΈααααααααΈα‘ααααΌαααααααααΈαααααΈ ααααΈ αααααΈ αααααααΈαα¬ ααααααααΈα¬ααα‘αΌα ααααααΈα¬ααα‘αΌα ααα αΌα¬αα» αααααΈ α»αα¬αα¬αααααΈαααααΈαα¬ αααα¬α α αααΈα» αα ααα¬αα» α» αα ααα¬αα» αααααΈαααα» αααα‘ αα¬ααα‘ααααΈαααααααΈα¬α α» α¬ αα ααααΈ ααα ααα¬ααα
α‘ αα¬αα αα»ααααααααααα‘ α¬ααα¬ααααααααα¬αα‘αααααΈα¬αα α αααααα» αααααΈα¬αα‘ααααΈ ααα» αααααΈα‘ααΌα¬ααααα»α α ααααααααααααΈααΌααα αα ααα¬ααα ααα¬ α‘αα αααΈ α‘αα αααΈ α‘αα¬α αααααααΈα» α‘α ααα¬αααα‘αααα¬ αα αα ααααΈααΌααααααααααααα¬αα‘ ααααααΈα‘ αααααΈα¬ α¬ αα α¬ αα αα αααΈα‘ ααα¬αα‘α¬αααααΈα α‘ αααααΌααα‘ αα‘ααααααΈα»
α» α‘α ααα¬αααα»αααααααααααΌαααααΈ α‘αα‘ ααα¬ α‘αα¬αα»α α‘αα αααΈ αααα αααΈαα¬ αααα‘α‘αααα α‘α‘αααα ααα αααΈααα αα»ααααα»α α»ααα α»αααααααΈα αααΈ α‘αααα»αααα‘ααΌα¬αα‘ αααΈα αααααΈα‘ αααΈα αααααΈα‘ αα¬ααα‘α‘ααααΈ α‘α αα€α‘ααα α‘α α¬ααααααΈ α ααααΈα‘ααΌα¬αα¬αα¬αα‘α»α ααα‘ ααα¬α α αα α¬ αα α¬ ααααα α ααα¬ααα
(αα±αα¦αΈαα Pacific Forum, Center for Strategic and
International Studies (CSIS) α αα±ααααα±α ααΌα α αΈ αααα
Center for Burma Studies at Northern Illinois University α±α
α±α¬αα±αααΈα α¬αα α ααΌα ααα Nikkei Asian Review α« How the
US could leverage Myanmar ties α α¬ααΈ α«αΈα αα¬αα¬α α± αα)
Topics: αα±α±α«α±αααα
ααα αααΈαΈα αα