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How the Waste-to-Energy industry contributes to Energy Efficiency across Europe Jan Manders Deputy President CEWEP Brussels , 5 th November 2013 1
How the Waste-to-Energy industry contributes to Energy Efficiency across Europe
Jan Manders Deputy President CEWEP Brussels , 5th November 2013
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• Waste to Energy: current practice and outlook
• Drivers for improvement of energy efficiency
• Three recent examples of innovative projects
• What do we learn from this?
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Topics for this session
CEWEP Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants
CEWEP represents 378 of 454
Waste-to-Energy plants across Europe.
(66 mt of EU capacity of 78 mt in 2011)
They thermally treat household and
comparable waste, which is not other-
wise reused or recycled, and
generate energy from it.
In 2011 across Europe they supplied:
30 TWh electricity (6 m hholds)
58 TWh of heat. (5 m hholds)
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4
Treatment of MSW in Europe EU27,
253 m tpa in 2011
A large part of the EU27
waste is still wasted by
putting it on landfills with
negative effects on the
environment.
But waste is a precious
resource which should be
utilised!
Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste in the EU 27 in 2011
Source: EUROSTAT
Landfilled 37%
Thermal Treatment
23 %
"Bio Recycled" 15%
Recycled 25%
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Treatment of MSW across Europe in 2011 Source: EUROSTAT Graph created by CEWEP
Recycling Thermal Treatment Landfilling “Bio-Recyling”
37
1 1 1 1 3 3
15
28
40
49 49 55
58 58 59
65 67 70 71
78 80 82
88 88 92 94
99
2
92 23
51
42 38 37
54
35
38
35
25
17 12
5
9
2
21
18 11 1
11
1
1
50
57
25
33
36
32
45
31
28
27
19
22 21
25
37
15 34
12
15
17
20 11
5
11
15
9 10 7
3
1
35
25
8 15 15
20
28
17 12
34
20 18 13 13 14
4
18
6 8
2 5
10
17
6 9
3 2 1 3
16 15
1
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU
27
SE
BE
NL
DE
DK
AT
LU
FR FI
IT
UK IE ES
SL
PT
CZ
HU
EE
PL
SK
CY
GR LT
LV
MT
BG
RO
CH
NO
CR
Waste to Energy in Europe (Incineration with Energy Recovery of MSW and comparable waste)
Dominant route for the treatment of residual waste
(and of RDF or sorting residues)
Fully proven and environmentally safe thanks to FGC
About 78 million tonnes of capacity in operation in 2011
supplying about 30 TWh of electricity (6 million hh)
and about 58 TWh of heat (5 million hh)
About 50 % of this energy is classified as renewable
represents a net CO2 saving and avoids the use of
fossil fuels elsewhere for energy production
Application of Power and Heat in Europe
• Production of Electricity is obligatory; Older plants have modest electrical efficiency; Newer plants designed for optimum electrical efficiency (steam conditions, turbine type)
• Supply of electricity to the grid, or local customer
• Supply of high pressure steam to industrial customer nearby e.g. paper company, chemicals plant, water desalination, cooling
• Supply of hot water/ low pressure steam to district heating system e.g. in Nordic, NL DE, CR, Paris
• Maximum Energy Efficiency can be achieved by combination of supply of Power and Heat
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Sustainable Energy potential from WtE
Includes both
renewable and fossil
components.
1 TWh is equal to 1
billion kWh.
196 TWh
100 TWh
134 TWh
Enough to supply
70m inhabitants.
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Half of this energy is
renewable
• The wish to contribute to local/ regional initiatives to save GHG emissions and use renewable energy
• To make sure the WtE plant R1 value is increased: classification of the plant as Recovery in the Waste Framework Directive
• Economic reasons: income from Energy can offset lower income from waste treatment
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Which are the drivers for improvement of Energy Efficiency of WtE plants ?
Treatment of waste in a WtE plant is recovery if:
An existing plant meets efficiency factor > 0,6
New plant (from 2009) meets efficiency factor > 0,65 Energy efficiency formulae:
Energy produced – (Energy in added fuel + Energy import)
0,97* x (Energy in the waste + Energy in added fuel)
Equivalency factor electricity production x 2,6
Equivalency factor heat exported x 1,1
* factor accounting for energy losses due to bottom ash and radiation
Agreed formulae within the WFD
for the R1 Efficiency criterion
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• The supply of heat and steam by Twence to local industry and local district heating systems (NL)
This initiative won a 2013 Global District Energy Award in the category “Modernisation of existing networks”
• The Rotterdam Botlek steam supply network and the Rotterdam district heating network
• Mobile storage of heat from a WtE plant in Hamm, Germany
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Three recent examples of innovation in supply of heat by the WtE industry
The Twence NL example
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Akzo Nobel
Twence
Steam supply by Twence to industrial customer AkzoNobel via
1.5 km supply line
Typical conditions:
Low pressure steam 4
bar 160 C
Max capacity 1500 kt/ a
Achievements 2012:
Supply 570 kt steam
CO2 saved 260 kt
Modernisation district heating Enschede with supply by Twence
• Example of good collaboration between various public and private partners
• Hot water supply via 5 km line to district heating
• Design for 80 MW th
• Major benefits CO2 and NOx reduction by 20 - 40 %
• Saving of natural gas of about 32 million m3 / year
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Examples from Rotterdam port area
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Rotterdam has got major CO2 reduction ambitions:
50 % reduction by 2025 compared to 1990
One major pillar is heat and steam supply from AVR WtE plant
District heating Rotterdam supplied by AVR Waste to Energy Plant
• Project with many players involved
• Complexity of river crossings
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Heat supply Households Timing CO2 savings
kt
South
Branch
26 km
100 50,000 Operational
Sept 2013
80
North
Branch
16 km
160 95,000 2014 >100
Set up of steam “common carrier” in Botlek area
Steam supply to series of industrial plant, initially mainly fed by AVR Waste to Energy plant
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Timing Steam supply
Kt/ a
CO2 savings
Kt/a
Phase I West May 2013 300 70
Phase II 2015 300 > 50
Total
potential
1200 200 - 400
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Steam supply link Botlek West and South
AVR
Tronox
Kemira Proton
Cabot
Sargeant
EKC
Momentive
Akzo Nobel
NEW BUSINESS
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The West branch of the Botlek steam link has been operational since May 2012
Innovative mobile supply of heat from Hamm (DE) Waste to Energy Plant
Using heat as steam (135°C)
Wtplant )
User
User A
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WtE-
plant
Charging
station
Trans-
port
Dis-
charging
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Heat storage tank (System MVA Hamm):
• length: 8.350 mm, width: 2.490 mm • Therm. capacity max. 240 kW • Total stored therm. energy max. 2,4 MWh
First container was constructed 2012
In operation since September 2012
Based on the high capital investments min. 5.000 operational hours (200 heat deliveries) are required.
goal: heat price less than 40 €/MWh
Mobile heat storage tank
Conclusions
• The WtE industry significantly contributes to major energy efficiency improvements by the supply of heat
• There are major opportunities for the supply of both hot water for district heating and of steam to nearby industry
• The innovation often is in bringing about long term collaboration between various public and private partners (more complex since liberalisation of energy markets)
• Heat supply opportunities should be a key factor for the siting of greenfield WtE initiatives
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Thank you for your attention !
CEWEP
Confederation of European
Waste-to-Energy Plants
Office in Brussels:
Boulevard Clovis 12A
B-1000 Brussels
BELGIUM
Tel.: +32 (0)2 770 63 11
Fax: +32 (0)2 770 68 14
e-mail: [email protected]
www.cewep.eu [email protected]
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