How to create a Bibliography:

using the APA Referencing Style

What is a Bibliography?

A Bibliography is a list of all material used in the preparation of your assignment. It is usually in alphabetical order of author's surname. If a resource has no author, list it in alphabetical order by the first 3 letters of the title, ignoring the words A, and The at the beginning of a title.  

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Hints

:Remember to write down the bibliographic details of a resource as you use it. Don't wait until the end of the assignment, when you have returned some of the resources, and think 'which book did I use? Where is it?' 

 

What bibliographic details do I need to reference different types of resources?

Book

Author's surname, author's initial.

Publication date (in brackets).

Title – italics.

Place of publication: Publisher.

• Kourik, R. (2010). The lavender garden. San Francisco: Chronicle Books

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Book chapterAuthor's surname, author's initial – of chapter

Publication date (in brackets).

Title of chapter

Author's surname, author's initial – of book

Title of book – italics.

Pages of chapter

Place of publication: Publisher.

• Prinze, T.P. (2001). Colours of the rainbow. In F.M. Hood & T.S. Center (Eds.). Colour spectrums. (pp. 74-85). New York, NY: Scott Press.

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Journal article• Author surname, Initial•  Publication date - in brackets •  Title of article', •  Title of periodical - italics, •  Volume, •  Number in brackets •  Page number

• Smith, M., & Brown, L. (2010). A look at gaming in education. Schools and Education, 12(6), 123-134.

     

Electronic journal article from online database

• Author surname, Initial•  Publication date - in brackets •  Title of article', •  Title of periodical - italics, •  Volume, •  Number in brackets •  Page number

•

.Retrieved from – URL of online database

• Baker, V., Smiths, K., & Dodd, Y. (2010). Changing careers in mid stream. Australian Journal of Careers, 23(4), 19–25. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/    

Newspaper article

Author surname, Initial.

Publication date - in brackets

Title of article',

Title of newspaper - italics,

Page number.

Shaw, P. (2011, May 12). Mining shares drop, The Australian, p.12. 

Encyclopedia article

Author's surname, author's initial – of article

Publication date (in brackets).

Title of article.

Volume number and pages of encyclopedia

Place of publication: Publisher

• Barker, D. (2007). Tiger cubs. In International encyclopedia of animals. (Vol. 3, pp. 22-27). New York: N.Y.: Notable Press.

Audio Visual Material• Surname and initials of producer

. Surname and initials of writer/director• Production date (in brackets)• Title in italics• Media type in square brackets• Place of production• Studio name

Movie: Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000). You can count on me [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures.

DVD: same as above but [DVD] in square brackets

TV program: Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). The MacNeil/Lehrer news hour [Television broadcast]. New York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service.

Webpage with an author

 

. Author surname and initials•  Date webpage created – in brackets . Hint: you will find

this at the bottom of the page•  Title of web page in italics •  Retrieved and date retrieved•  from full URL 

• Luikkonen ,P. (2008). Roald Dahl (1916-1990). Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http://kirjasto.sci.fi/rdahl.htm

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      •     

Webpage with no author

 

. Title of webpage in italics •  Date webpage created (in brackets) Hint: you will find this

at the bottom of the page•  Retrieved and date retrieved•  from full URL 

• Roald Dahl. (2011)  Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http://www.roalddahl.com/.

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      •     

Personal communication

Forms of personal communication include letters, telephone conversations, personal interviews and e-mail messages.

These are not included in your bibliography as they cannot be traced by the reader.

You should refer to your source in the text of your assignment (in-text referencing).

• Examples:  • D. Scott reported that 111 mm of rain fell in Turramurra

yesterday.(personal communication, October 10, 2010)

. …races. (S.Smith, personal communication, May 24, 2011)...