SPRING SCHOOL
HOW TO DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
A Method and Tools for Low and Middle-Income Countries20 -25 May 2019
Bologna – Italy
ORGANISED BY PROMOTED BY
1. THE BURDEN OF SWM PLANNING AND ACTION CANNOT BEPUT MAINLY ON MUNICIPALITIES’ SHOULDERS: NEEDNATIONAL STRATEGY AND COORDINATION
2. NEED A PLANNING METHOD - WHERE TO BEGIN? THEDESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM IS THE EFFECTIVEWAY TO BUILD SOLUTIONS
December 2016 The municipality of EJ failed to comply with the provisions of theNational SWM Act.The local government was still operating an open dumpsite in violation of thenational law: “no open dumps shall be established and operated, nor anypractice or disposal of solid waste by any person, including LGUs, be allowed”.
This compelled the National SWM Commission to file a complaint against theMayor of EJ for gross neglect of duty !!!
LACK OF COORDINATION BETWEEN INSTITUTIONAL TIERS
COMMON POLICY-MAKING INEFFICIENCIES
Initial targets are selected and actions chosen with a sense of emergency
Targets are disconnected and roles overlap among institutional levels: national Governments do not consult LAs
Too much responsibility is given to Municipalities who don’t have the technical skills and the financial strength
The Environmental Protection Agency is not well resourced (if existing)
The cost of investments in equipments and plants compete with other national infrastructural needs
WAS IT ALL THE FAULT OF THE MAYOR?WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM THESE INEFFICIENCIES
BUILD ACOHERENT
INSTITUTIONALFRAMEWORK
SWM IS ACOMPLEX
PROBLEM: IT ISDIFFICULT TO
DEFINE IT
RECOGNISE THEEVOLUTION OFA SWM SYSTEM
TAKES TIME
HOW TO PUT OURSELVES ON MAYOR’S SHOES:PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE PLANNING
INTRODUCEAPPROPRIATE
BESTPRACTICES
KNOWACTUAL
COSTS ANDINVESTMENTFINANCING
SET APPROPRIATEOBJECTIVES AND
TARGETS
This planning method leads policy-makers and public managers to draw up planning documents that become the basis to implement
EFFECTIVE ACTIONS:
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES either at the NATIONAL
or CITY LEVEL
EVEN IF THE INITIAL SITUATION IS HIGHLY INEFFECTIVEA PLANNING METHOD IS NEEDED
structure of the costs-revenues budget
the technical elements of an integrated SWM
system
4.A FORMULATE ALTERNATIVE SWM scenarios by WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS and
COMPARE environmental impacts 4.B COMPARE alternative scenarios for costs4.C PERFORM a financial analysis of relevant
scenarios
1.A DESCRIBE the current SWM situation 1.B IDENTIFY relevant actors
3. set context specific OBJECTIVES and TARGETS
analyze institutional framework
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTof SWM systems
5.A to 5.C PUBLIC CONSULTATION on alternative scenarios and targets
6. OFFICIAL APPROVAL of theSWM National StrategySWM Municipal PLAN
territorial knowledge-base and
siting criteria
technical elements of an integrated SWM system
waste network actorsroles and responsibilities
WASTE FLOWANALYSIS
2. DESCRIBE the existing SWM reference scenario by WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
PERFORM a capacity analysis HIGHLIGHT critical elements
National and Local Regulations
Waste, Health and Energy Natnl. and Interntl. legislation
scenarios cost comparison
financial analysis
RESIDUAL WASTE from STREET CONTAINERS
RESIDUAL WASTE to THERMAL TREATMENT
FLY ASHES to LANDFILL
OTHER
COLLECTION
THERMAL TREATMENT with ENERGY RECOVERY
RESIDUAL WASTE to LANDFILL
to FE RECOVERY
RESIDUAL WASTE from “door to door”
RESIDUAL WASTE to SANITARY LANDFILL with BIOGAS and ENERGY
RECOVERY
FERROUS
REPROCESSINGFE from MBT to RECYCLING
WET FRACTION from MBT to LANDFILL
RESIDUAL waste to TREATMENT PRE‐TREATMENT of
RESIDUAL WASTEDRY FRACTION from MBT to ENERGY RECOVERY
FERROUS
REPROCESSING
HAZARDOUS WASTE to LANDFILL
RECOVERY of BOTTOM ASH
BOTTOM ASH to RECOVERY
COMMERCIAL / BUSINESS WASTE
SEGREGATED COLLECTION of DRY FRACTIONS
TRANSFER STATION
DRY FRACTIONS
to TRANSFER STATION
SORTING PLANT for DRY FRACTIONS RECYCLABLES REJECTS from SORTING
to LANDFILL
SANITARY LANDFILL with
ENERGY RECOVERY
to REPROCESSING
REJECTS from SORTING to ENERGY RECOVERY
PAPER
REPROCESSING
PLASTIC
REPROCESSINGII° SORTING PLANT for PLASTICS RECYCLABLE
INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT of RECYLABLES
GLASS
REPROCESSINGto REPROCESSING
OTHER FRACTIONS to TRANSFER STATION
COLLECTION CENTRES
PRIVATE CITIZENS to COLLECTION CENTRES
SEGREGATED COLLECTION of FOOD WASTE
GREEN WASTE SEGREGATED
COLLECTION from PUBLIC PARKS
COMPOSTING PLANT
COMPOST to MARKET
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PLANT
with ENERGY RECOVERY
from BIOGAS
DIGESTATE to MARKET
ORGANIC REJECTS to LANDFILL
to COMPOSTING or ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
to COMPOSTING or ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
HOUSEHOLD WASTE
SANITARY LANDFILL with
ENERGY RECOVERY
three main sub-services from which to recover materials and energy: Residual wasteDry recyclateSegregated collection of organic/food waste
UNDERSTAND ANDDESCRIBE THESWM SYSTEM WITH
DESCRIBEWASTE FLOWS of a schematic
INTEGRATED SWM system
EXAMPLE OF AN INITIAL SITUATIONWASTE FLOW ANALYSIS OF MONTEVIDEO - URUGUAY
F. Bastarrica Master Thesis – University of Bologna RESD- Rimini - Sep 2018
1. Street containers for residual waste
2. PGE delivery points for SC of
dry fractions
3. Municipality B containers for SC of dry and organic
fractions
4. Organic fractions going to
TRESOR
5. Abandoned waste
Total (1 + 2+ 5)
Paper 254.551 321 962 0 9.050 264.8Plastics 168.100 190 569 0 7.526 176.3Glass 57.990 20 61 0 2.729 60.80Food rejects 455.443 137 412 6.544 19.482 482.0Green waste (parks, gardens,...) 18.100 0 0 7.089 905 26.09Wood 3.811 0 0 0 191 4.00Metals 50.251 0 0 0 981 51.23Non ferrous metals 2.858 0 0 0 143 3.00Hazardous 1.715 0 0 0 86 1.80Textiles 38.462 0 0 0 1.215 39.67Rubber, leather, cork 3.811 0 0 0 191 4.00Construction and demolition 24.388 0 0 0 1.219 25.60Toys, electronics, cables, etc. 5.811 0 0 0 291 6.10Inert petrous 30.866 0 0 0 1.543 32.40Diapers and dressings 34.010 0 0 0 1.700 35.71Multilaminated (tetra brik) 7.621 0 0 0 381 8.00TOTAL 1.157.788 668 2.004 13.633 47.632 1.221.7
Data needs – require a dedicated office to gather, organise and elaborate
HOW TO CHOOSE OBJECTIVESAND TARGETS:
EMERGENCY IS NOT THEANSWER
We know THE EMERGENCY APPROACH of accepting international donors’ funding to buy and use:- large compactors trucks- any type of containers the donors happen to be producing- technological plants without having a clear understanding of their role
in a SWM system- ….
HAS OFTEN NOT WORKED OUT IN
CREATING A LONG LASTING SOLUTION
WASTE FLOWANALYSIS: EXAMPLE FROMTHE CITY OFBOLOGNA
S. Tunesi, S. Baroni, S. Boarini. 2016. “Waste flow analysis and LCA of integrated waste management systems as planning tools: application to optimise the system of the City of Bologna”. Waste Management & Research, 34, 9, 947-956.
HOW TO CHOOSEOBJECTIVES AND
TARGETS:THIS CANNOT BE
THE MOSTAPPROPRIATE
INITIALALTERNATIVE
SCENARIO
In introducing new, effective elements in a poorly-governed SWM, policy-makers and SWM planners need to intertwine two contrasting paths:
address the most pressing interventions for health and environmentalprotection: extension of collection coverage; termination of open-airburning; remediation of open dumps into sanitary landfills
plan ahead and design for the medium-term by addressing wasteminimisation and introducing practices and infrastructure for therecovery of the value – materials and energy - contained in the waste:facilities for recycling and composting; anaerobic digestion ofsegregated food waste / biomass
EVEN IF THE INITIAL SITUATION IS HIGHLY INEFFECTIVE A PLANNINGMETHOD IS MORE USEFUL IN THE LONG TERM THEN RESPONDING WITH
EMERGENCY ACTIONS
The SWM strategy must define how – in time - the STRATEGIC GOALS of atechnologically Integrated SWM system can be reached:
organise the source-segregated collection of selected waste fractions
eliminate or reduce bio-degradable waste disposal in landfill: it requiresthe source-segregated collection of the food and green waste fractionsfrom household, commercial and production premises;
recover energy from waste, either by the anaerobic digestion of source-segregated food and green waste or the thermal treatment of residualwaste.
TO DEVELOP AN INEFFECTIVE SITUATION FORMULATEAPPROPRIATE SCENARIOS CONSIDERING ALL WASTE FLOWS AND
HOW THEY AFFECT THE SELECTED REGULATORY TARGETS
SCENARIO 2 : INCREASE FORMAL SEGREGATED COLLECTION OF DRY WASTE TO 15% AND FOOD WASTE TO 15% WITH ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
TO DEVELOP AN INEFFECTIVE SITUATION FORMULATE APPROPRIATESCENARIOS; CONSIDER ALL WASTE FLOWS AND HOW THEY MOVE
TOWARDS THE SELECTED REGULATORY TARGETS
The following general criteria should be satisfied during the implementation of a SWM National Strategy / City Action Plan:
BUILD A COHERENT LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTION OF EACH COMPONENT OF A SWM SYSTEM AND OPERATE
WITH DATA OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY POSSIBLE
STRENGTHEN THE WASTE MANAGEMENT NETWORK (INVOLVE ALL RELEVANT ACTORS) AND THE RELEVANT INSTITUTIONAL OFFICES AND AGENCIES
ENSURE THE COST AND FINANCING OF THE SWM ALTERNATIVE TO BE IMPLEMENTED
ARE SUSTAINABLE
SUPPORT THE INTEGRATION OF SWM WITH REGIONAL AND NATIONAL PRODUCTIVE
SYSTEMS
HOW TO MONITOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OUR SWM ACTIONS
The Istituto Cattaneo, together with the CCAC and ISWA would like to invite policy-makers, planners, administrators to attend the Spring School
HOW TO DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Bologna, Italy, 20 – 25 May 2019
https://www.cattaneo.org/formazione/spring-school/
WHY THIS SPRING SCHOOL?
SWM is a complicated problem and policy-makers often ask SWMexperts how they could begin to solve their country’s or city’s wastemanagement problem and how to choose from the wide list of availableorganisational approaches and technologies.
This Spring School recognises the difficulties of building sustainableSWM systems and - with expert teaching, analysis of case studies andselected site visits - provides participants with a step-by-step SWMplanning method which guides policy-makers, SWM planners,administrators both at the National and Municipal level to formulate, writeand approve a SWM National Strategy or a SWM City Action Plan.
THE OVERALL GOAL OF THE SPRING SCHOOL IS TO:
make Participants aware of the complexity of SWM
provide Participants with a clear understanding and knowledge of thetools necessary to:
produce and officially approve a SWM National Strategy or aSWM City Action Plan
activate the necessary initial SWM actions within a clearer long-term planning framework
https://www.cattaneo.org/formazione/spring-school/
DETAILED INFORMATION and APPLICATION FORM can be obtained at:
https://www.iswa.org/nc/events/calendar/eventdetail/show_detail/spring-school-how-to-design-solutions-for-solid-waste-management/
THE NEED FOR A SWM PLANNING METHOD
Many SWM Plans have been written around the world but few of them provedeffective in supporting long-lasting development interventions.The step-by-step SWM planning method illustrated in this Spring Schooloriginates from successful experiences of planning, developed in highlyindustrialised countries BUT it warns against a COPY and PASTE approach:the specificities of each national and local condition must be respected.Thus this SWM planning method addresses:
the need for capacity building: increasing the ability of planners anddecision-makers to understand all technical aspects of integrated SWM
the need to describe in detail the complete existing SWM system
the ability to formulate alternative SWM scenarios
the capability to compare scenarios in terms of environmental impacts andcost
the capability to perform a financial analysis to define if the investmentsneeded for the system’s evolution are financially sustainable
the involvement of all relevant waste network actors in the decision-makingprocess