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HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER A book by Michael Schmitz smarterGerman
Transcript
Page 1: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

HOW TO LEARN

GERMAN FASTER

A book by Michael Schmitz smarterGerman

02 TABLE OF CONTENT

Introduction 05The Learning Cycle 07

Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary 111 Context amp Chunks 112 Learn Relevant Information Only 123 Recommended tools 124 Memrise 135 Alternatives to Memrise 136 Use an Online Dictionary 147 Analytical Reading for German Learners 148 Readlang 149 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes 1410 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books 1511 Your Personal Blacklist 1512 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool 16

Step 2emspRead Texts 171 How to read in German 172 Recommended Tools 193 The idea behind this step 19

Step 3emspAemspWrite What You Hear 201 How it is done 202 The ideas behind this step 21

Step 3emspBemspOral Dictation 221 How it is done 222 The ideas behind this step 22

Step 4emspLearn Some Grammar 231 How it is done 232 Useful tools 243 The idea behind this step 24

Step 5emspPreach 251 How it is done (Basic Approach) 252 Advanced Approach 263 List of possible preaching patterns in German 264 Recommended tools 295 The idea behind this step 30

03 TABLE OF CONTENT

Step 6emspListen 301 Active Listening 312 How it is done 313 The idea behind this step 314 Passive Listening 315 How it is done 316 The idea behind this step 327 What To Listen To 328 The Advanced Learning Cycle 32

Step 7emspWrite Freestyle 331 How it is done 332 Extended Instruction 343 The idea behind this step 364 How to Simplify Your Writing 37

Step 8emspBasic Cycle 391 How it is done 392 The idea behind this step 39

Step 9emspOral Translation 401 How it is done 402 The idea behind this step 40

Useful Tips 411 Setting the Right Goals 412 How to find the right Motivation 413 Getting Help 424 How many Hours a Day Should One Study 42

Tracking Time 441 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German 442 Total immersion 453 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better 474 Cultural Fluency 47

Easy German Learning 48

Avoid Group Courses 49

Do not Learn German on your Own 52Apps can help me learn German right 52

04 TABLE OF CONTENT

What is Functional German 53Finding a Speaking Partner 54

Keep a (Voice) Diary 551 How it is done 552 The idea behind this step 55

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary 55

More Useful Tools 56

Get a Conversation Tutor 57Pronunciation Course 58

Improve your Reading Skills 58

Danksagung 59

Appendix 60

05 INTRODUCTION

Introduction rarr

This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies in the field of learning how to learn My aim is to provide you with a clear and simple structure that will help you learn German faster and better

I teach this structure to all my students and have achieved wonderful results with it We have an exam success rate of 98 and most of them achieve an 80 score or higher Many get a 100 score in their oral exam

You might be learning German in a group course with a private tutor or on your own This course will help you get the most out of your German learning situation I will show you how to increase the efficiency of your language learning Your German will not only become better in quality but also yoursquoll also feel more secure with it The more secure you feel the more likely you are to make good use of your new skills

I have managed to teach individuals German from scratch to level B1 in as little as 14 days While these were exceptional achievements they show what potential there is in your German learning With the majority of my students I work for three months as they are usually working in very demanding jobs and have only a little time to spare every day This is also a good amount of time to make sure that their German absorbs properly and sticks with them for life My main aim in my doing this is to teach my students how to learn on their own once I am gone To me thatrsquos the main purpose of a teacher This course shall help us achieve this goal

The current system applied by language schools private tutors and software is massively flawed The main problem is that they all seem to think from their own perspective but never from the point of view of the language learner namely you Irsquoll go into more detail later in this course

smarterGerman is a highly empathetic approach applying logic analytics and common sense Therersquos no magic in what I do just simple scientifically proven didactics

My aim is to share the love with you that I experience when teaching German Every lesson I give is a gift to me and to my student Thinking of sharing this experience with you and all the other hundreds of thousands of German learners on this planet touches me deeply

06 INTRODUCTION

I want you to enjoy your German learning fully and to free your invaluable lifetime which you then can use for whatever you like maybe even more German learning The sG approach is the most efficient German language learning method that I have found in 20 years of intensive research Make rich use of it

I would like to thank you for supporting my work and for taking on the challenge to explore yourself and to become a better human being by learning the wonderful German language

Von HerzenDein Michael

07 THE LEARNING CYCLE

The Learning Cycle rarr

In the following chapters I will introduce you to a very effective learning cycle that I have developed over the last years and that has been applied successfully by over a hundred clients of mine You can adapt it to your individual learning speed and needs For those interested I will explain the idea behind each step and how it works at the end of each chapter There are a basic cycle and an advanced cycle Here is a quick overview of the steps

emsp1 Learn vocab review 5mins here amp there new words max 20 mins

emsp2 Read text while listening along Hhighlight new words Pause frequently

emsp3 Write a dictation A Written dictation emspI Listen Pause Write Do not rewind audio Leave gaps emspII Write 5-7 sentences max emspIII Listen again Pause Fill in gaps Correct mistakes emspIV Compare with original text Do NOT correct Highlight mistakes emspV Note number of mistakes emspVI Repeat steps i-v immediately emspVII Continue with cycle BUT emspVIII Repeat dictation a 3rd time a few hours later B Oral dictation emspI Listen Pause Repeat Do not read emspII Record your voice + original audio emspIII Listen to the recording

emsp4 Study grammar watch 1 grammar video in chronological order + exercise with pdf

See next Page rarr

08 THE LEARNING CYCLE

emsp5 Preach

A Write down quickly 7 items sentences (EN) emspI Translate into German emspII Write down gender B Learn gender properly C Write down preaching sentence in Google docs amp leave comment for teacher Example Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker D After teacherrsquos ok write sentences on post-itsflash cards like this FRONT Drucker larr no other info at all BACK Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker E Stick that post-it wherever you want Do not label things in your flat F Whenever you pass by a post-it try to remember what is written on its BACK G If you are right a few times in a row put the post it into your archive (eg a fridge door) H Once you got the BACK right repeat the sentence 2x more fluently I Record yourself and listen to it afterwards Pay attention to gender Send recording to teacher [see lsquoHow to Preachrsquo over page]

emsp6 Listen A Actively listen to audio of text Pause frequently B Passively listen to any kind of audio in background Do not focus on it

See next Page rarr

09 THE LEARNING CYCLE

ADVANCED CYCLE

emsp7 Write a text hellip about a topic you like 80 words 30 mins max A Write a draft in English B Simplify the draft (imagine a 10yo reader) C Translate into German D One sentence per line E Write unknown words in English look them up later F Highlight looked up words G Run Checkup

emsp8 Dictate A Record 3 mins of yourself talking spontaneously about any topic B Send it to your ldquosecretaryrdquo who transcribes text amp highlights mistakes plus one trigger per sentence C Analyze mistakes (with tutorrsquos help) D Use triggers to repeat the exact same sentence E Record yourself again and get final check up

emsp9 Translate A Listen to a sentence in German Do not read B Translate loudly into English C Record yourself and listen to your work afterwards

10 BASIC CYCLE

Basic Cycle 1 Learn vocabulary 2 Read text 3 Write what you hear 4 Study grammar 5 Preach grammar amp structures 6 Listen

Advanced Cycle 1 Write text 2 Speak to yourself 3 Translate what you hear

rarr download the pdf

Every step should last between 20thinspndashthinsp30 minutes Take breaks frequently It is in the breaks that your brain processes what you have just learned Theoretically you can study up to 9thinspndashthinsp12 hours per day but even 30 minutes daily will yield tangible results

Letrsquos get started

11 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS

Step 1emsp Learn Vocabulary rarr

1 Context amp Chunks

There is no way around learning vocabulary and itrsquos one of the most challenging tasks when learning any language but does this complaint seem familiar to you raquoI understand every word of that sentence but canrsquot put them together so that they make senselaquo This is a typical experience for those who learn isolated vocabulary

The best way to learn new words is to learn them in the context of a text which is why I combine this step with the next one called Reading

rarr Chunks that are 2ndash4 words long will not only help you memorise words better but also retrieve them faster There is no benefit in knowing thousands of words when one canrsquot retrieve them when needed Here is one example to illustrate the power of context

the German word Bank (f) ❶ is a so-called homograph It could mean either bench or bank (ie the institution dealing with money) or even river bank or reef While you might eventually have to learn several meanings of Bank you donrsquot have to do so at once If you read the two sentences

Er geht in den Park und setzt sich auf eine Bank He goes into the park and sits himself onto a bench ❷

Hans arbeitet bei einer Bank Hans works at a bank

You would very easily be able to figure out which meaning of Bank you are dealing with even if you didnrsquot have any translation at hand the words raquoParklaquo and raquosetzt sichlaquo would pro-vide sufficient context to figure out that Bank in this context means bench You would also have associated the new word with a little background story Suitable chunks might be

sich auf eine Bank setzenbei einer Bank arbeiten

Or Heidi setzt sich auf eine BankPeter arbeitet bei einer Bank

It might seem that you have to learn more words than with the classical wordlist approach but the additional information actually helps you recall it much more easily and quickly when needed

1 I usually use a literal word-by-

word translation to illustrate the German sentence structure That might sound strange to you but it is exactly what you will have to deal with when learning German which most likely has a different sentence structure than your native language

2 You will come across (m) (n) (f)

(pl) quite often in this book Those refer to the gender of nouns and to the (pl)ural The genders in German are (m)asculine (f)eminine (n)euter

12 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS rarr 2 LEARN RELEVANT INFORMATION ONLY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

ein schweizer Bauer a Swiss farmer

hat einen Schatz gefunden (has) found a treasure

roumlmische Muumlnzen Roman coins

der 83-jaumlhrige the 83-year-old

das historische Geld the historical money

zwischen den Obstbaumlumen der Familie between the fruit trees of the family

im Dorf Ueken in the village of Ueken

zwischen Basel und Zurich between Basel and Zurich

2 Learn Relevant Information Only

The more relevant something is the better we learn it Learning just any word that you come across is not really efficient My approach of organising your learning with help of a learning cycle makes the vocabulary you learn 100 relevant because you will use all of it already in the other steps of the cycle

While there are about rarr a thousand words that everyone should know you can basically learn the vocabulary you need right from the beginning If you are an engi-neer a pilot a waiter an artist etc there is no law against studying words that are relevant for your field of interest from day one

Do not use paper flash cards for vocabulary learning They do not provide sufficient context are usually used wrongly and are a colossal waste of your precious lifetime

3 Recommended tools

I do not recommend using any external vocabulary trainers but if you canrsquot help yourself yoursquoll find two of the most popular apps below Before deciding hear why I donrsquot like them

Vocabulary trainers usually train vocabulary in a very mechanical and isolated way While the idea to use technology to time your repetitions of the words you have not yet fully learned is appealing yoursquod still be learning isolated words I have also experimented with creating courses in Memrise (see below) that contained chunks instead of individual words but it turned out that my clients quite soon after having started to learn German invested way too much time in their vocabulary training with these apps And it stressed them out a lot It doesnrsquot make sense to invest up to 60 minutes in trying to memorise words out of context

13 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 4 MEMRISE rarr 5 ALTERNATIVES TO MEMRISE

The approach I describe in this book is far more natural and satisfying Give it try for two weeks and yoursquoll see for yourself that your vocabulary is growing and that you donrsquot feel like you have to hammer any words into your brain If you donrsquot yet trust my experience with over 250 individual learners over the last four years simply try those apps below and remember my words when you realise that you have just spent an hour mostly reviewing vocabulary

4 Memrise

rarr Memrise is a vocabulary training app free of charge Unfortunately most courses created on memrise lack an understanding of learning psychology The problem is that almost all of them offer you a random set of isolated words

The app is self-explanatory but contains a few hidden features that you should look out for Create an account and then try to figure out the following points to become familiar with all its lovely features

1emsp How do you ignore a word that you already know by heart (desktop version only)2emspHow do you download a course (mobile only)3emsp How do you change the amount of vocabulary that is being learned or reviewed

(check the settings on the desktop version)4emspHow do you create your own mem ❸ (desktop only)5emspHow do you enter the German umlauts (auml ouml uuml) and the szlig

You can easily create your own vocabulary course on memrise Make sure to rarr check out this video of mine which will show you how to create your own vocab-ulary course quickly for any German text you want to work with

The Premium version of memrise adds a few more functions that I have not found to be worth the money Memrise itself has certainly earned your support so you might opt in for the Premium package nevertheless simply to support their hard work

5 Alternatives to Memrise

rarr The app Anki might be an alternative to memrise Give them a try but be aware that the creation of your own vocabulary courses with Anki might not be as quick as with memrise I also found ANKI to be far too detailed for the average user ANKIrsquos great for foreign scripts like Chinese or Korean but it costs 2499euro for the iOS ver-sion while the Android version is free of charge

3 mems are word associations I

explain this technique in detail in my German grammar course but Memrise also guides you through the men-creati-on process

14 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 6 USE AN ONLINE DICTIONARY rarr 7 ANALYTICAL READING FOR GERMAN LEARNERS rarr 8 READLANG

6 Use an Online Dictionary

If the material you use is well crafted you often wonrsquot really need a dictionary in the beginning Of course as soon as you progress with your German you will come across words in the outside world and want to look them up

Here are four dictionaries that I use regularly

google translate dictcc leoorg lingueecom

They are also available for most smartphones and at times even enable you to down-load the dictionary for offline use

7 Analytical Reading for German Learners

I have created a reading course for German learners rarr ldquoLearn to Read Germanrdquo comes with audio in two speeds It also contains 54 videos in which I analyse each sentence of the book This is the closest you will ever get to passive learning as you will learn a lot about the German language if you follow my analysis and explanations attentively

8 Readlang

There is one alternative vocabulary app which I found quite helpful rarr Readlang Readying automatically creates relevant vocabulary courses and even allows you to upload your own German texts ❹ But you can also read news sites with the brows-er add-on which is pretty neat

9 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes

Books that are used in group courses at language schools are not suitable for self-study (nor are they of much use in a group)They are made for hundreds of thousands of students and usually are so generic and politically correct that you want to gouge your eyes out They also are usually monolingual meaning that they are written in German only So you will not really understand what is written there without the massive help of your dictionary

4 Copyright Warning Uploaded texts will

be visible for all users of Readlang and therefore there might be a copyright infringement Using illegally uploaded texts is also not legal but might not have legal ramifications A good rule of thumb when it comes to copyright is that if you had to pay for the information elsewhere it is rather unlikely that Readlang or its users have the permission to offer it for free

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 2: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

02 TABLE OF CONTENT

Introduction 05The Learning Cycle 07

Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary 111 Context amp Chunks 112 Learn Relevant Information Only 123 Recommended tools 124 Memrise 135 Alternatives to Memrise 136 Use an Online Dictionary 147 Analytical Reading for German Learners 148 Readlang 149 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes 1410 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books 1511 Your Personal Blacklist 1512 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool 16

Step 2emspRead Texts 171 How to read in German 172 Recommended Tools 193 The idea behind this step 19

Step 3emspAemspWrite What You Hear 201 How it is done 202 The ideas behind this step 21

Step 3emspBemspOral Dictation 221 How it is done 222 The ideas behind this step 22

Step 4emspLearn Some Grammar 231 How it is done 232 Useful tools 243 The idea behind this step 24

Step 5emspPreach 251 How it is done (Basic Approach) 252 Advanced Approach 263 List of possible preaching patterns in German 264 Recommended tools 295 The idea behind this step 30

03 TABLE OF CONTENT

Step 6emspListen 301 Active Listening 312 How it is done 313 The idea behind this step 314 Passive Listening 315 How it is done 316 The idea behind this step 327 What To Listen To 328 The Advanced Learning Cycle 32

Step 7emspWrite Freestyle 331 How it is done 332 Extended Instruction 343 The idea behind this step 364 How to Simplify Your Writing 37

Step 8emspBasic Cycle 391 How it is done 392 The idea behind this step 39

Step 9emspOral Translation 401 How it is done 402 The idea behind this step 40

Useful Tips 411 Setting the Right Goals 412 How to find the right Motivation 413 Getting Help 424 How many Hours a Day Should One Study 42

Tracking Time 441 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German 442 Total immersion 453 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better 474 Cultural Fluency 47

Easy German Learning 48

Avoid Group Courses 49

Do not Learn German on your Own 52Apps can help me learn German right 52

04 TABLE OF CONTENT

What is Functional German 53Finding a Speaking Partner 54

Keep a (Voice) Diary 551 How it is done 552 The idea behind this step 55

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary 55

More Useful Tools 56

Get a Conversation Tutor 57Pronunciation Course 58

Improve your Reading Skills 58

Danksagung 59

Appendix 60

05 INTRODUCTION

Introduction rarr

This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies in the field of learning how to learn My aim is to provide you with a clear and simple structure that will help you learn German faster and better

I teach this structure to all my students and have achieved wonderful results with it We have an exam success rate of 98 and most of them achieve an 80 score or higher Many get a 100 score in their oral exam

You might be learning German in a group course with a private tutor or on your own This course will help you get the most out of your German learning situation I will show you how to increase the efficiency of your language learning Your German will not only become better in quality but also yoursquoll also feel more secure with it The more secure you feel the more likely you are to make good use of your new skills

I have managed to teach individuals German from scratch to level B1 in as little as 14 days While these were exceptional achievements they show what potential there is in your German learning With the majority of my students I work for three months as they are usually working in very demanding jobs and have only a little time to spare every day This is also a good amount of time to make sure that their German absorbs properly and sticks with them for life My main aim in my doing this is to teach my students how to learn on their own once I am gone To me thatrsquos the main purpose of a teacher This course shall help us achieve this goal

The current system applied by language schools private tutors and software is massively flawed The main problem is that they all seem to think from their own perspective but never from the point of view of the language learner namely you Irsquoll go into more detail later in this course

smarterGerman is a highly empathetic approach applying logic analytics and common sense Therersquos no magic in what I do just simple scientifically proven didactics

My aim is to share the love with you that I experience when teaching German Every lesson I give is a gift to me and to my student Thinking of sharing this experience with you and all the other hundreds of thousands of German learners on this planet touches me deeply

06 INTRODUCTION

I want you to enjoy your German learning fully and to free your invaluable lifetime which you then can use for whatever you like maybe even more German learning The sG approach is the most efficient German language learning method that I have found in 20 years of intensive research Make rich use of it

I would like to thank you for supporting my work and for taking on the challenge to explore yourself and to become a better human being by learning the wonderful German language

Von HerzenDein Michael

07 THE LEARNING CYCLE

The Learning Cycle rarr

In the following chapters I will introduce you to a very effective learning cycle that I have developed over the last years and that has been applied successfully by over a hundred clients of mine You can adapt it to your individual learning speed and needs For those interested I will explain the idea behind each step and how it works at the end of each chapter There are a basic cycle and an advanced cycle Here is a quick overview of the steps

emsp1 Learn vocab review 5mins here amp there new words max 20 mins

emsp2 Read text while listening along Hhighlight new words Pause frequently

emsp3 Write a dictation A Written dictation emspI Listen Pause Write Do not rewind audio Leave gaps emspII Write 5-7 sentences max emspIII Listen again Pause Fill in gaps Correct mistakes emspIV Compare with original text Do NOT correct Highlight mistakes emspV Note number of mistakes emspVI Repeat steps i-v immediately emspVII Continue with cycle BUT emspVIII Repeat dictation a 3rd time a few hours later B Oral dictation emspI Listen Pause Repeat Do not read emspII Record your voice + original audio emspIII Listen to the recording

emsp4 Study grammar watch 1 grammar video in chronological order + exercise with pdf

See next Page rarr

08 THE LEARNING CYCLE

emsp5 Preach

A Write down quickly 7 items sentences (EN) emspI Translate into German emspII Write down gender B Learn gender properly C Write down preaching sentence in Google docs amp leave comment for teacher Example Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker D After teacherrsquos ok write sentences on post-itsflash cards like this FRONT Drucker larr no other info at all BACK Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker E Stick that post-it wherever you want Do not label things in your flat F Whenever you pass by a post-it try to remember what is written on its BACK G If you are right a few times in a row put the post it into your archive (eg a fridge door) H Once you got the BACK right repeat the sentence 2x more fluently I Record yourself and listen to it afterwards Pay attention to gender Send recording to teacher [see lsquoHow to Preachrsquo over page]

emsp6 Listen A Actively listen to audio of text Pause frequently B Passively listen to any kind of audio in background Do not focus on it

See next Page rarr

09 THE LEARNING CYCLE

ADVANCED CYCLE

emsp7 Write a text hellip about a topic you like 80 words 30 mins max A Write a draft in English B Simplify the draft (imagine a 10yo reader) C Translate into German D One sentence per line E Write unknown words in English look them up later F Highlight looked up words G Run Checkup

emsp8 Dictate A Record 3 mins of yourself talking spontaneously about any topic B Send it to your ldquosecretaryrdquo who transcribes text amp highlights mistakes plus one trigger per sentence C Analyze mistakes (with tutorrsquos help) D Use triggers to repeat the exact same sentence E Record yourself again and get final check up

emsp9 Translate A Listen to a sentence in German Do not read B Translate loudly into English C Record yourself and listen to your work afterwards

10 BASIC CYCLE

Basic Cycle 1 Learn vocabulary 2 Read text 3 Write what you hear 4 Study grammar 5 Preach grammar amp structures 6 Listen

Advanced Cycle 1 Write text 2 Speak to yourself 3 Translate what you hear

rarr download the pdf

Every step should last between 20thinspndashthinsp30 minutes Take breaks frequently It is in the breaks that your brain processes what you have just learned Theoretically you can study up to 9thinspndashthinsp12 hours per day but even 30 minutes daily will yield tangible results

Letrsquos get started

11 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS

Step 1emsp Learn Vocabulary rarr

1 Context amp Chunks

There is no way around learning vocabulary and itrsquos one of the most challenging tasks when learning any language but does this complaint seem familiar to you raquoI understand every word of that sentence but canrsquot put them together so that they make senselaquo This is a typical experience for those who learn isolated vocabulary

The best way to learn new words is to learn them in the context of a text which is why I combine this step with the next one called Reading

rarr Chunks that are 2ndash4 words long will not only help you memorise words better but also retrieve them faster There is no benefit in knowing thousands of words when one canrsquot retrieve them when needed Here is one example to illustrate the power of context

the German word Bank (f) ❶ is a so-called homograph It could mean either bench or bank (ie the institution dealing with money) or even river bank or reef While you might eventually have to learn several meanings of Bank you donrsquot have to do so at once If you read the two sentences

Er geht in den Park und setzt sich auf eine Bank He goes into the park and sits himself onto a bench ❷

Hans arbeitet bei einer Bank Hans works at a bank

You would very easily be able to figure out which meaning of Bank you are dealing with even if you didnrsquot have any translation at hand the words raquoParklaquo and raquosetzt sichlaquo would pro-vide sufficient context to figure out that Bank in this context means bench You would also have associated the new word with a little background story Suitable chunks might be

sich auf eine Bank setzenbei einer Bank arbeiten

Or Heidi setzt sich auf eine BankPeter arbeitet bei einer Bank

It might seem that you have to learn more words than with the classical wordlist approach but the additional information actually helps you recall it much more easily and quickly when needed

1 I usually use a literal word-by-

word translation to illustrate the German sentence structure That might sound strange to you but it is exactly what you will have to deal with when learning German which most likely has a different sentence structure than your native language

2 You will come across (m) (n) (f)

(pl) quite often in this book Those refer to the gender of nouns and to the (pl)ural The genders in German are (m)asculine (f)eminine (n)euter

12 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS rarr 2 LEARN RELEVANT INFORMATION ONLY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

ein schweizer Bauer a Swiss farmer

hat einen Schatz gefunden (has) found a treasure

roumlmische Muumlnzen Roman coins

der 83-jaumlhrige the 83-year-old

das historische Geld the historical money

zwischen den Obstbaumlumen der Familie between the fruit trees of the family

im Dorf Ueken in the village of Ueken

zwischen Basel und Zurich between Basel and Zurich

2 Learn Relevant Information Only

The more relevant something is the better we learn it Learning just any word that you come across is not really efficient My approach of organising your learning with help of a learning cycle makes the vocabulary you learn 100 relevant because you will use all of it already in the other steps of the cycle

While there are about rarr a thousand words that everyone should know you can basically learn the vocabulary you need right from the beginning If you are an engi-neer a pilot a waiter an artist etc there is no law against studying words that are relevant for your field of interest from day one

Do not use paper flash cards for vocabulary learning They do not provide sufficient context are usually used wrongly and are a colossal waste of your precious lifetime

3 Recommended tools

I do not recommend using any external vocabulary trainers but if you canrsquot help yourself yoursquoll find two of the most popular apps below Before deciding hear why I donrsquot like them

Vocabulary trainers usually train vocabulary in a very mechanical and isolated way While the idea to use technology to time your repetitions of the words you have not yet fully learned is appealing yoursquod still be learning isolated words I have also experimented with creating courses in Memrise (see below) that contained chunks instead of individual words but it turned out that my clients quite soon after having started to learn German invested way too much time in their vocabulary training with these apps And it stressed them out a lot It doesnrsquot make sense to invest up to 60 minutes in trying to memorise words out of context

13 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 4 MEMRISE rarr 5 ALTERNATIVES TO MEMRISE

The approach I describe in this book is far more natural and satisfying Give it try for two weeks and yoursquoll see for yourself that your vocabulary is growing and that you donrsquot feel like you have to hammer any words into your brain If you donrsquot yet trust my experience with over 250 individual learners over the last four years simply try those apps below and remember my words when you realise that you have just spent an hour mostly reviewing vocabulary

4 Memrise

rarr Memrise is a vocabulary training app free of charge Unfortunately most courses created on memrise lack an understanding of learning psychology The problem is that almost all of them offer you a random set of isolated words

The app is self-explanatory but contains a few hidden features that you should look out for Create an account and then try to figure out the following points to become familiar with all its lovely features

1emsp How do you ignore a word that you already know by heart (desktop version only)2emspHow do you download a course (mobile only)3emsp How do you change the amount of vocabulary that is being learned or reviewed

(check the settings on the desktop version)4emspHow do you create your own mem ❸ (desktop only)5emspHow do you enter the German umlauts (auml ouml uuml) and the szlig

You can easily create your own vocabulary course on memrise Make sure to rarr check out this video of mine which will show you how to create your own vocab-ulary course quickly for any German text you want to work with

The Premium version of memrise adds a few more functions that I have not found to be worth the money Memrise itself has certainly earned your support so you might opt in for the Premium package nevertheless simply to support their hard work

5 Alternatives to Memrise

rarr The app Anki might be an alternative to memrise Give them a try but be aware that the creation of your own vocabulary courses with Anki might not be as quick as with memrise I also found ANKI to be far too detailed for the average user ANKIrsquos great for foreign scripts like Chinese or Korean but it costs 2499euro for the iOS ver-sion while the Android version is free of charge

3 mems are word associations I

explain this technique in detail in my German grammar course but Memrise also guides you through the men-creati-on process

14 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 6 USE AN ONLINE DICTIONARY rarr 7 ANALYTICAL READING FOR GERMAN LEARNERS rarr 8 READLANG

6 Use an Online Dictionary

If the material you use is well crafted you often wonrsquot really need a dictionary in the beginning Of course as soon as you progress with your German you will come across words in the outside world and want to look them up

Here are four dictionaries that I use regularly

google translate dictcc leoorg lingueecom

They are also available for most smartphones and at times even enable you to down-load the dictionary for offline use

7 Analytical Reading for German Learners

I have created a reading course for German learners rarr ldquoLearn to Read Germanrdquo comes with audio in two speeds It also contains 54 videos in which I analyse each sentence of the book This is the closest you will ever get to passive learning as you will learn a lot about the German language if you follow my analysis and explanations attentively

8 Readlang

There is one alternative vocabulary app which I found quite helpful rarr Readlang Readying automatically creates relevant vocabulary courses and even allows you to upload your own German texts ❹ But you can also read news sites with the brows-er add-on which is pretty neat

9 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes

Books that are used in group courses at language schools are not suitable for self-study (nor are they of much use in a group)They are made for hundreds of thousands of students and usually are so generic and politically correct that you want to gouge your eyes out They also are usually monolingual meaning that they are written in German only So you will not really understand what is written there without the massive help of your dictionary

4 Copyright Warning Uploaded texts will

be visible for all users of Readlang and therefore there might be a copyright infringement Using illegally uploaded texts is also not legal but might not have legal ramifications A good rule of thumb when it comes to copyright is that if you had to pay for the information elsewhere it is rather unlikely that Readlang or its users have the permission to offer it for free

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 3: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

03 TABLE OF CONTENT

Step 6emspListen 301 Active Listening 312 How it is done 313 The idea behind this step 314 Passive Listening 315 How it is done 316 The idea behind this step 327 What To Listen To 328 The Advanced Learning Cycle 32

Step 7emspWrite Freestyle 331 How it is done 332 Extended Instruction 343 The idea behind this step 364 How to Simplify Your Writing 37

Step 8emspBasic Cycle 391 How it is done 392 The idea behind this step 39

Step 9emspOral Translation 401 How it is done 402 The idea behind this step 40

Useful Tips 411 Setting the Right Goals 412 How to find the right Motivation 413 Getting Help 424 How many Hours a Day Should One Study 42

Tracking Time 441 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German 442 Total immersion 453 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better 474 Cultural Fluency 47

Easy German Learning 48

Avoid Group Courses 49

Do not Learn German on your Own 52Apps can help me learn German right 52

04 TABLE OF CONTENT

What is Functional German 53Finding a Speaking Partner 54

Keep a (Voice) Diary 551 How it is done 552 The idea behind this step 55

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary 55

More Useful Tools 56

Get a Conversation Tutor 57Pronunciation Course 58

Improve your Reading Skills 58

Danksagung 59

Appendix 60

05 INTRODUCTION

Introduction rarr

This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies in the field of learning how to learn My aim is to provide you with a clear and simple structure that will help you learn German faster and better

I teach this structure to all my students and have achieved wonderful results with it We have an exam success rate of 98 and most of them achieve an 80 score or higher Many get a 100 score in their oral exam

You might be learning German in a group course with a private tutor or on your own This course will help you get the most out of your German learning situation I will show you how to increase the efficiency of your language learning Your German will not only become better in quality but also yoursquoll also feel more secure with it The more secure you feel the more likely you are to make good use of your new skills

I have managed to teach individuals German from scratch to level B1 in as little as 14 days While these were exceptional achievements they show what potential there is in your German learning With the majority of my students I work for three months as they are usually working in very demanding jobs and have only a little time to spare every day This is also a good amount of time to make sure that their German absorbs properly and sticks with them for life My main aim in my doing this is to teach my students how to learn on their own once I am gone To me thatrsquos the main purpose of a teacher This course shall help us achieve this goal

The current system applied by language schools private tutors and software is massively flawed The main problem is that they all seem to think from their own perspective but never from the point of view of the language learner namely you Irsquoll go into more detail later in this course

smarterGerman is a highly empathetic approach applying logic analytics and common sense Therersquos no magic in what I do just simple scientifically proven didactics

My aim is to share the love with you that I experience when teaching German Every lesson I give is a gift to me and to my student Thinking of sharing this experience with you and all the other hundreds of thousands of German learners on this planet touches me deeply

06 INTRODUCTION

I want you to enjoy your German learning fully and to free your invaluable lifetime which you then can use for whatever you like maybe even more German learning The sG approach is the most efficient German language learning method that I have found in 20 years of intensive research Make rich use of it

I would like to thank you for supporting my work and for taking on the challenge to explore yourself and to become a better human being by learning the wonderful German language

Von HerzenDein Michael

07 THE LEARNING CYCLE

The Learning Cycle rarr

In the following chapters I will introduce you to a very effective learning cycle that I have developed over the last years and that has been applied successfully by over a hundred clients of mine You can adapt it to your individual learning speed and needs For those interested I will explain the idea behind each step and how it works at the end of each chapter There are a basic cycle and an advanced cycle Here is a quick overview of the steps

emsp1 Learn vocab review 5mins here amp there new words max 20 mins

emsp2 Read text while listening along Hhighlight new words Pause frequently

emsp3 Write a dictation A Written dictation emspI Listen Pause Write Do not rewind audio Leave gaps emspII Write 5-7 sentences max emspIII Listen again Pause Fill in gaps Correct mistakes emspIV Compare with original text Do NOT correct Highlight mistakes emspV Note number of mistakes emspVI Repeat steps i-v immediately emspVII Continue with cycle BUT emspVIII Repeat dictation a 3rd time a few hours later B Oral dictation emspI Listen Pause Repeat Do not read emspII Record your voice + original audio emspIII Listen to the recording

emsp4 Study grammar watch 1 grammar video in chronological order + exercise with pdf

See next Page rarr

08 THE LEARNING CYCLE

emsp5 Preach

A Write down quickly 7 items sentences (EN) emspI Translate into German emspII Write down gender B Learn gender properly C Write down preaching sentence in Google docs amp leave comment for teacher Example Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker D After teacherrsquos ok write sentences on post-itsflash cards like this FRONT Drucker larr no other info at all BACK Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker E Stick that post-it wherever you want Do not label things in your flat F Whenever you pass by a post-it try to remember what is written on its BACK G If you are right a few times in a row put the post it into your archive (eg a fridge door) H Once you got the BACK right repeat the sentence 2x more fluently I Record yourself and listen to it afterwards Pay attention to gender Send recording to teacher [see lsquoHow to Preachrsquo over page]

emsp6 Listen A Actively listen to audio of text Pause frequently B Passively listen to any kind of audio in background Do not focus on it

See next Page rarr

09 THE LEARNING CYCLE

ADVANCED CYCLE

emsp7 Write a text hellip about a topic you like 80 words 30 mins max A Write a draft in English B Simplify the draft (imagine a 10yo reader) C Translate into German D One sentence per line E Write unknown words in English look them up later F Highlight looked up words G Run Checkup

emsp8 Dictate A Record 3 mins of yourself talking spontaneously about any topic B Send it to your ldquosecretaryrdquo who transcribes text amp highlights mistakes plus one trigger per sentence C Analyze mistakes (with tutorrsquos help) D Use triggers to repeat the exact same sentence E Record yourself again and get final check up

emsp9 Translate A Listen to a sentence in German Do not read B Translate loudly into English C Record yourself and listen to your work afterwards

10 BASIC CYCLE

Basic Cycle 1 Learn vocabulary 2 Read text 3 Write what you hear 4 Study grammar 5 Preach grammar amp structures 6 Listen

Advanced Cycle 1 Write text 2 Speak to yourself 3 Translate what you hear

rarr download the pdf

Every step should last between 20thinspndashthinsp30 minutes Take breaks frequently It is in the breaks that your brain processes what you have just learned Theoretically you can study up to 9thinspndashthinsp12 hours per day but even 30 minutes daily will yield tangible results

Letrsquos get started

11 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS

Step 1emsp Learn Vocabulary rarr

1 Context amp Chunks

There is no way around learning vocabulary and itrsquos one of the most challenging tasks when learning any language but does this complaint seem familiar to you raquoI understand every word of that sentence but canrsquot put them together so that they make senselaquo This is a typical experience for those who learn isolated vocabulary

The best way to learn new words is to learn them in the context of a text which is why I combine this step with the next one called Reading

rarr Chunks that are 2ndash4 words long will not only help you memorise words better but also retrieve them faster There is no benefit in knowing thousands of words when one canrsquot retrieve them when needed Here is one example to illustrate the power of context

the German word Bank (f) ❶ is a so-called homograph It could mean either bench or bank (ie the institution dealing with money) or even river bank or reef While you might eventually have to learn several meanings of Bank you donrsquot have to do so at once If you read the two sentences

Er geht in den Park und setzt sich auf eine Bank He goes into the park and sits himself onto a bench ❷

Hans arbeitet bei einer Bank Hans works at a bank

You would very easily be able to figure out which meaning of Bank you are dealing with even if you didnrsquot have any translation at hand the words raquoParklaquo and raquosetzt sichlaquo would pro-vide sufficient context to figure out that Bank in this context means bench You would also have associated the new word with a little background story Suitable chunks might be

sich auf eine Bank setzenbei einer Bank arbeiten

Or Heidi setzt sich auf eine BankPeter arbeitet bei einer Bank

It might seem that you have to learn more words than with the classical wordlist approach but the additional information actually helps you recall it much more easily and quickly when needed

1 I usually use a literal word-by-

word translation to illustrate the German sentence structure That might sound strange to you but it is exactly what you will have to deal with when learning German which most likely has a different sentence structure than your native language

2 You will come across (m) (n) (f)

(pl) quite often in this book Those refer to the gender of nouns and to the (pl)ural The genders in German are (m)asculine (f)eminine (n)euter

12 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS rarr 2 LEARN RELEVANT INFORMATION ONLY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

ein schweizer Bauer a Swiss farmer

hat einen Schatz gefunden (has) found a treasure

roumlmische Muumlnzen Roman coins

der 83-jaumlhrige the 83-year-old

das historische Geld the historical money

zwischen den Obstbaumlumen der Familie between the fruit trees of the family

im Dorf Ueken in the village of Ueken

zwischen Basel und Zurich between Basel and Zurich

2 Learn Relevant Information Only

The more relevant something is the better we learn it Learning just any word that you come across is not really efficient My approach of organising your learning with help of a learning cycle makes the vocabulary you learn 100 relevant because you will use all of it already in the other steps of the cycle

While there are about rarr a thousand words that everyone should know you can basically learn the vocabulary you need right from the beginning If you are an engi-neer a pilot a waiter an artist etc there is no law against studying words that are relevant for your field of interest from day one

Do not use paper flash cards for vocabulary learning They do not provide sufficient context are usually used wrongly and are a colossal waste of your precious lifetime

3 Recommended tools

I do not recommend using any external vocabulary trainers but if you canrsquot help yourself yoursquoll find two of the most popular apps below Before deciding hear why I donrsquot like them

Vocabulary trainers usually train vocabulary in a very mechanical and isolated way While the idea to use technology to time your repetitions of the words you have not yet fully learned is appealing yoursquod still be learning isolated words I have also experimented with creating courses in Memrise (see below) that contained chunks instead of individual words but it turned out that my clients quite soon after having started to learn German invested way too much time in their vocabulary training with these apps And it stressed them out a lot It doesnrsquot make sense to invest up to 60 minutes in trying to memorise words out of context

13 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 4 MEMRISE rarr 5 ALTERNATIVES TO MEMRISE

The approach I describe in this book is far more natural and satisfying Give it try for two weeks and yoursquoll see for yourself that your vocabulary is growing and that you donrsquot feel like you have to hammer any words into your brain If you donrsquot yet trust my experience with over 250 individual learners over the last four years simply try those apps below and remember my words when you realise that you have just spent an hour mostly reviewing vocabulary

4 Memrise

rarr Memrise is a vocabulary training app free of charge Unfortunately most courses created on memrise lack an understanding of learning psychology The problem is that almost all of them offer you a random set of isolated words

The app is self-explanatory but contains a few hidden features that you should look out for Create an account and then try to figure out the following points to become familiar with all its lovely features

1emsp How do you ignore a word that you already know by heart (desktop version only)2emspHow do you download a course (mobile only)3emsp How do you change the amount of vocabulary that is being learned or reviewed

(check the settings on the desktop version)4emspHow do you create your own mem ❸ (desktop only)5emspHow do you enter the German umlauts (auml ouml uuml) and the szlig

You can easily create your own vocabulary course on memrise Make sure to rarr check out this video of mine which will show you how to create your own vocab-ulary course quickly for any German text you want to work with

The Premium version of memrise adds a few more functions that I have not found to be worth the money Memrise itself has certainly earned your support so you might opt in for the Premium package nevertheless simply to support their hard work

5 Alternatives to Memrise

rarr The app Anki might be an alternative to memrise Give them a try but be aware that the creation of your own vocabulary courses with Anki might not be as quick as with memrise I also found ANKI to be far too detailed for the average user ANKIrsquos great for foreign scripts like Chinese or Korean but it costs 2499euro for the iOS ver-sion while the Android version is free of charge

3 mems are word associations I

explain this technique in detail in my German grammar course but Memrise also guides you through the men-creati-on process

14 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 6 USE AN ONLINE DICTIONARY rarr 7 ANALYTICAL READING FOR GERMAN LEARNERS rarr 8 READLANG

6 Use an Online Dictionary

If the material you use is well crafted you often wonrsquot really need a dictionary in the beginning Of course as soon as you progress with your German you will come across words in the outside world and want to look them up

Here are four dictionaries that I use regularly

google translate dictcc leoorg lingueecom

They are also available for most smartphones and at times even enable you to down-load the dictionary for offline use

7 Analytical Reading for German Learners

I have created a reading course for German learners rarr ldquoLearn to Read Germanrdquo comes with audio in two speeds It also contains 54 videos in which I analyse each sentence of the book This is the closest you will ever get to passive learning as you will learn a lot about the German language if you follow my analysis and explanations attentively

8 Readlang

There is one alternative vocabulary app which I found quite helpful rarr Readlang Readying automatically creates relevant vocabulary courses and even allows you to upload your own German texts ❹ But you can also read news sites with the brows-er add-on which is pretty neat

9 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes

Books that are used in group courses at language schools are not suitable for self-study (nor are they of much use in a group)They are made for hundreds of thousands of students and usually are so generic and politically correct that you want to gouge your eyes out They also are usually monolingual meaning that they are written in German only So you will not really understand what is written there without the massive help of your dictionary

4 Copyright Warning Uploaded texts will

be visible for all users of Readlang and therefore there might be a copyright infringement Using illegally uploaded texts is also not legal but might not have legal ramifications A good rule of thumb when it comes to copyright is that if you had to pay for the information elsewhere it is rather unlikely that Readlang or its users have the permission to offer it for free

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 4: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

04 TABLE OF CONTENT

What is Functional German 53Finding a Speaking Partner 54

Keep a (Voice) Diary 551 How it is done 552 The idea behind this step 55

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary 55

More Useful Tools 56

Get a Conversation Tutor 57Pronunciation Course 58

Improve your Reading Skills 58

Danksagung 59

Appendix 60

05 INTRODUCTION

Introduction rarr

This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies in the field of learning how to learn My aim is to provide you with a clear and simple structure that will help you learn German faster and better

I teach this structure to all my students and have achieved wonderful results with it We have an exam success rate of 98 and most of them achieve an 80 score or higher Many get a 100 score in their oral exam

You might be learning German in a group course with a private tutor or on your own This course will help you get the most out of your German learning situation I will show you how to increase the efficiency of your language learning Your German will not only become better in quality but also yoursquoll also feel more secure with it The more secure you feel the more likely you are to make good use of your new skills

I have managed to teach individuals German from scratch to level B1 in as little as 14 days While these were exceptional achievements they show what potential there is in your German learning With the majority of my students I work for three months as they are usually working in very demanding jobs and have only a little time to spare every day This is also a good amount of time to make sure that their German absorbs properly and sticks with them for life My main aim in my doing this is to teach my students how to learn on their own once I am gone To me thatrsquos the main purpose of a teacher This course shall help us achieve this goal

The current system applied by language schools private tutors and software is massively flawed The main problem is that they all seem to think from their own perspective but never from the point of view of the language learner namely you Irsquoll go into more detail later in this course

smarterGerman is a highly empathetic approach applying logic analytics and common sense Therersquos no magic in what I do just simple scientifically proven didactics

My aim is to share the love with you that I experience when teaching German Every lesson I give is a gift to me and to my student Thinking of sharing this experience with you and all the other hundreds of thousands of German learners on this planet touches me deeply

06 INTRODUCTION

I want you to enjoy your German learning fully and to free your invaluable lifetime which you then can use for whatever you like maybe even more German learning The sG approach is the most efficient German language learning method that I have found in 20 years of intensive research Make rich use of it

I would like to thank you for supporting my work and for taking on the challenge to explore yourself and to become a better human being by learning the wonderful German language

Von HerzenDein Michael

07 THE LEARNING CYCLE

The Learning Cycle rarr

In the following chapters I will introduce you to a very effective learning cycle that I have developed over the last years and that has been applied successfully by over a hundred clients of mine You can adapt it to your individual learning speed and needs For those interested I will explain the idea behind each step and how it works at the end of each chapter There are a basic cycle and an advanced cycle Here is a quick overview of the steps

emsp1 Learn vocab review 5mins here amp there new words max 20 mins

emsp2 Read text while listening along Hhighlight new words Pause frequently

emsp3 Write a dictation A Written dictation emspI Listen Pause Write Do not rewind audio Leave gaps emspII Write 5-7 sentences max emspIII Listen again Pause Fill in gaps Correct mistakes emspIV Compare with original text Do NOT correct Highlight mistakes emspV Note number of mistakes emspVI Repeat steps i-v immediately emspVII Continue with cycle BUT emspVIII Repeat dictation a 3rd time a few hours later B Oral dictation emspI Listen Pause Repeat Do not read emspII Record your voice + original audio emspIII Listen to the recording

emsp4 Study grammar watch 1 grammar video in chronological order + exercise with pdf

See next Page rarr

08 THE LEARNING CYCLE

emsp5 Preach

A Write down quickly 7 items sentences (EN) emspI Translate into German emspII Write down gender B Learn gender properly C Write down preaching sentence in Google docs amp leave comment for teacher Example Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker D After teacherrsquos ok write sentences on post-itsflash cards like this FRONT Drucker larr no other info at all BACK Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker E Stick that post-it wherever you want Do not label things in your flat F Whenever you pass by a post-it try to remember what is written on its BACK G If you are right a few times in a row put the post it into your archive (eg a fridge door) H Once you got the BACK right repeat the sentence 2x more fluently I Record yourself and listen to it afterwards Pay attention to gender Send recording to teacher [see lsquoHow to Preachrsquo over page]

emsp6 Listen A Actively listen to audio of text Pause frequently B Passively listen to any kind of audio in background Do not focus on it

See next Page rarr

09 THE LEARNING CYCLE

ADVANCED CYCLE

emsp7 Write a text hellip about a topic you like 80 words 30 mins max A Write a draft in English B Simplify the draft (imagine a 10yo reader) C Translate into German D One sentence per line E Write unknown words in English look them up later F Highlight looked up words G Run Checkup

emsp8 Dictate A Record 3 mins of yourself talking spontaneously about any topic B Send it to your ldquosecretaryrdquo who transcribes text amp highlights mistakes plus one trigger per sentence C Analyze mistakes (with tutorrsquos help) D Use triggers to repeat the exact same sentence E Record yourself again and get final check up

emsp9 Translate A Listen to a sentence in German Do not read B Translate loudly into English C Record yourself and listen to your work afterwards

10 BASIC CYCLE

Basic Cycle 1 Learn vocabulary 2 Read text 3 Write what you hear 4 Study grammar 5 Preach grammar amp structures 6 Listen

Advanced Cycle 1 Write text 2 Speak to yourself 3 Translate what you hear

rarr download the pdf

Every step should last between 20thinspndashthinsp30 minutes Take breaks frequently It is in the breaks that your brain processes what you have just learned Theoretically you can study up to 9thinspndashthinsp12 hours per day but even 30 minutes daily will yield tangible results

Letrsquos get started

11 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS

Step 1emsp Learn Vocabulary rarr

1 Context amp Chunks

There is no way around learning vocabulary and itrsquos one of the most challenging tasks when learning any language but does this complaint seem familiar to you raquoI understand every word of that sentence but canrsquot put them together so that they make senselaquo This is a typical experience for those who learn isolated vocabulary

The best way to learn new words is to learn them in the context of a text which is why I combine this step with the next one called Reading

rarr Chunks that are 2ndash4 words long will not only help you memorise words better but also retrieve them faster There is no benefit in knowing thousands of words when one canrsquot retrieve them when needed Here is one example to illustrate the power of context

the German word Bank (f) ❶ is a so-called homograph It could mean either bench or bank (ie the institution dealing with money) or even river bank or reef While you might eventually have to learn several meanings of Bank you donrsquot have to do so at once If you read the two sentences

Er geht in den Park und setzt sich auf eine Bank He goes into the park and sits himself onto a bench ❷

Hans arbeitet bei einer Bank Hans works at a bank

You would very easily be able to figure out which meaning of Bank you are dealing with even if you didnrsquot have any translation at hand the words raquoParklaquo and raquosetzt sichlaquo would pro-vide sufficient context to figure out that Bank in this context means bench You would also have associated the new word with a little background story Suitable chunks might be

sich auf eine Bank setzenbei einer Bank arbeiten

Or Heidi setzt sich auf eine BankPeter arbeitet bei einer Bank

It might seem that you have to learn more words than with the classical wordlist approach but the additional information actually helps you recall it much more easily and quickly when needed

1 I usually use a literal word-by-

word translation to illustrate the German sentence structure That might sound strange to you but it is exactly what you will have to deal with when learning German which most likely has a different sentence structure than your native language

2 You will come across (m) (n) (f)

(pl) quite often in this book Those refer to the gender of nouns and to the (pl)ural The genders in German are (m)asculine (f)eminine (n)euter

12 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS rarr 2 LEARN RELEVANT INFORMATION ONLY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

ein schweizer Bauer a Swiss farmer

hat einen Schatz gefunden (has) found a treasure

roumlmische Muumlnzen Roman coins

der 83-jaumlhrige the 83-year-old

das historische Geld the historical money

zwischen den Obstbaumlumen der Familie between the fruit trees of the family

im Dorf Ueken in the village of Ueken

zwischen Basel und Zurich between Basel and Zurich

2 Learn Relevant Information Only

The more relevant something is the better we learn it Learning just any word that you come across is not really efficient My approach of organising your learning with help of a learning cycle makes the vocabulary you learn 100 relevant because you will use all of it already in the other steps of the cycle

While there are about rarr a thousand words that everyone should know you can basically learn the vocabulary you need right from the beginning If you are an engi-neer a pilot a waiter an artist etc there is no law against studying words that are relevant for your field of interest from day one

Do not use paper flash cards for vocabulary learning They do not provide sufficient context are usually used wrongly and are a colossal waste of your precious lifetime

3 Recommended tools

I do not recommend using any external vocabulary trainers but if you canrsquot help yourself yoursquoll find two of the most popular apps below Before deciding hear why I donrsquot like them

Vocabulary trainers usually train vocabulary in a very mechanical and isolated way While the idea to use technology to time your repetitions of the words you have not yet fully learned is appealing yoursquod still be learning isolated words I have also experimented with creating courses in Memrise (see below) that contained chunks instead of individual words but it turned out that my clients quite soon after having started to learn German invested way too much time in their vocabulary training with these apps And it stressed them out a lot It doesnrsquot make sense to invest up to 60 minutes in trying to memorise words out of context

13 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 4 MEMRISE rarr 5 ALTERNATIVES TO MEMRISE

The approach I describe in this book is far more natural and satisfying Give it try for two weeks and yoursquoll see for yourself that your vocabulary is growing and that you donrsquot feel like you have to hammer any words into your brain If you donrsquot yet trust my experience with over 250 individual learners over the last four years simply try those apps below and remember my words when you realise that you have just spent an hour mostly reviewing vocabulary

4 Memrise

rarr Memrise is a vocabulary training app free of charge Unfortunately most courses created on memrise lack an understanding of learning psychology The problem is that almost all of them offer you a random set of isolated words

The app is self-explanatory but contains a few hidden features that you should look out for Create an account and then try to figure out the following points to become familiar with all its lovely features

1emsp How do you ignore a word that you already know by heart (desktop version only)2emspHow do you download a course (mobile only)3emsp How do you change the amount of vocabulary that is being learned or reviewed

(check the settings on the desktop version)4emspHow do you create your own mem ❸ (desktop only)5emspHow do you enter the German umlauts (auml ouml uuml) and the szlig

You can easily create your own vocabulary course on memrise Make sure to rarr check out this video of mine which will show you how to create your own vocab-ulary course quickly for any German text you want to work with

The Premium version of memrise adds a few more functions that I have not found to be worth the money Memrise itself has certainly earned your support so you might opt in for the Premium package nevertheless simply to support their hard work

5 Alternatives to Memrise

rarr The app Anki might be an alternative to memrise Give them a try but be aware that the creation of your own vocabulary courses with Anki might not be as quick as with memrise I also found ANKI to be far too detailed for the average user ANKIrsquos great for foreign scripts like Chinese or Korean but it costs 2499euro for the iOS ver-sion while the Android version is free of charge

3 mems are word associations I

explain this technique in detail in my German grammar course but Memrise also guides you through the men-creati-on process

14 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 6 USE AN ONLINE DICTIONARY rarr 7 ANALYTICAL READING FOR GERMAN LEARNERS rarr 8 READLANG

6 Use an Online Dictionary

If the material you use is well crafted you often wonrsquot really need a dictionary in the beginning Of course as soon as you progress with your German you will come across words in the outside world and want to look them up

Here are four dictionaries that I use regularly

google translate dictcc leoorg lingueecom

They are also available for most smartphones and at times even enable you to down-load the dictionary for offline use

7 Analytical Reading for German Learners

I have created a reading course for German learners rarr ldquoLearn to Read Germanrdquo comes with audio in two speeds It also contains 54 videos in which I analyse each sentence of the book This is the closest you will ever get to passive learning as you will learn a lot about the German language if you follow my analysis and explanations attentively

8 Readlang

There is one alternative vocabulary app which I found quite helpful rarr Readlang Readying automatically creates relevant vocabulary courses and even allows you to upload your own German texts ❹ But you can also read news sites with the brows-er add-on which is pretty neat

9 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes

Books that are used in group courses at language schools are not suitable for self-study (nor are they of much use in a group)They are made for hundreds of thousands of students and usually are so generic and politically correct that you want to gouge your eyes out They also are usually monolingual meaning that they are written in German only So you will not really understand what is written there without the massive help of your dictionary

4 Copyright Warning Uploaded texts will

be visible for all users of Readlang and therefore there might be a copyright infringement Using illegally uploaded texts is also not legal but might not have legal ramifications A good rule of thumb when it comes to copyright is that if you had to pay for the information elsewhere it is rather unlikely that Readlang or its users have the permission to offer it for free

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 5: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

05 INTRODUCTION

Introduction rarr

This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies in the field of learning how to learn My aim is to provide you with a clear and simple structure that will help you learn German faster and better

I teach this structure to all my students and have achieved wonderful results with it We have an exam success rate of 98 and most of them achieve an 80 score or higher Many get a 100 score in their oral exam

You might be learning German in a group course with a private tutor or on your own This course will help you get the most out of your German learning situation I will show you how to increase the efficiency of your language learning Your German will not only become better in quality but also yoursquoll also feel more secure with it The more secure you feel the more likely you are to make good use of your new skills

I have managed to teach individuals German from scratch to level B1 in as little as 14 days While these were exceptional achievements they show what potential there is in your German learning With the majority of my students I work for three months as they are usually working in very demanding jobs and have only a little time to spare every day This is also a good amount of time to make sure that their German absorbs properly and sticks with them for life My main aim in my doing this is to teach my students how to learn on their own once I am gone To me thatrsquos the main purpose of a teacher This course shall help us achieve this goal

The current system applied by language schools private tutors and software is massively flawed The main problem is that they all seem to think from their own perspective but never from the point of view of the language learner namely you Irsquoll go into more detail later in this course

smarterGerman is a highly empathetic approach applying logic analytics and common sense Therersquos no magic in what I do just simple scientifically proven didactics

My aim is to share the love with you that I experience when teaching German Every lesson I give is a gift to me and to my student Thinking of sharing this experience with you and all the other hundreds of thousands of German learners on this planet touches me deeply

06 INTRODUCTION

I want you to enjoy your German learning fully and to free your invaluable lifetime which you then can use for whatever you like maybe even more German learning The sG approach is the most efficient German language learning method that I have found in 20 years of intensive research Make rich use of it

I would like to thank you for supporting my work and for taking on the challenge to explore yourself and to become a better human being by learning the wonderful German language

Von HerzenDein Michael

07 THE LEARNING CYCLE

The Learning Cycle rarr

In the following chapters I will introduce you to a very effective learning cycle that I have developed over the last years and that has been applied successfully by over a hundred clients of mine You can adapt it to your individual learning speed and needs For those interested I will explain the idea behind each step and how it works at the end of each chapter There are a basic cycle and an advanced cycle Here is a quick overview of the steps

emsp1 Learn vocab review 5mins here amp there new words max 20 mins

emsp2 Read text while listening along Hhighlight new words Pause frequently

emsp3 Write a dictation A Written dictation emspI Listen Pause Write Do not rewind audio Leave gaps emspII Write 5-7 sentences max emspIII Listen again Pause Fill in gaps Correct mistakes emspIV Compare with original text Do NOT correct Highlight mistakes emspV Note number of mistakes emspVI Repeat steps i-v immediately emspVII Continue with cycle BUT emspVIII Repeat dictation a 3rd time a few hours later B Oral dictation emspI Listen Pause Repeat Do not read emspII Record your voice + original audio emspIII Listen to the recording

emsp4 Study grammar watch 1 grammar video in chronological order + exercise with pdf

See next Page rarr

08 THE LEARNING CYCLE

emsp5 Preach

A Write down quickly 7 items sentences (EN) emspI Translate into German emspII Write down gender B Learn gender properly C Write down preaching sentence in Google docs amp leave comment for teacher Example Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker D After teacherrsquos ok write sentences on post-itsflash cards like this FRONT Drucker larr no other info at all BACK Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker E Stick that post-it wherever you want Do not label things in your flat F Whenever you pass by a post-it try to remember what is written on its BACK G If you are right a few times in a row put the post it into your archive (eg a fridge door) H Once you got the BACK right repeat the sentence 2x more fluently I Record yourself and listen to it afterwards Pay attention to gender Send recording to teacher [see lsquoHow to Preachrsquo over page]

emsp6 Listen A Actively listen to audio of text Pause frequently B Passively listen to any kind of audio in background Do not focus on it

See next Page rarr

09 THE LEARNING CYCLE

ADVANCED CYCLE

emsp7 Write a text hellip about a topic you like 80 words 30 mins max A Write a draft in English B Simplify the draft (imagine a 10yo reader) C Translate into German D One sentence per line E Write unknown words in English look them up later F Highlight looked up words G Run Checkup

emsp8 Dictate A Record 3 mins of yourself talking spontaneously about any topic B Send it to your ldquosecretaryrdquo who transcribes text amp highlights mistakes plus one trigger per sentence C Analyze mistakes (with tutorrsquos help) D Use triggers to repeat the exact same sentence E Record yourself again and get final check up

emsp9 Translate A Listen to a sentence in German Do not read B Translate loudly into English C Record yourself and listen to your work afterwards

10 BASIC CYCLE

Basic Cycle 1 Learn vocabulary 2 Read text 3 Write what you hear 4 Study grammar 5 Preach grammar amp structures 6 Listen

Advanced Cycle 1 Write text 2 Speak to yourself 3 Translate what you hear

rarr download the pdf

Every step should last between 20thinspndashthinsp30 minutes Take breaks frequently It is in the breaks that your brain processes what you have just learned Theoretically you can study up to 9thinspndashthinsp12 hours per day but even 30 minutes daily will yield tangible results

Letrsquos get started

11 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS

Step 1emsp Learn Vocabulary rarr

1 Context amp Chunks

There is no way around learning vocabulary and itrsquos one of the most challenging tasks when learning any language but does this complaint seem familiar to you raquoI understand every word of that sentence but canrsquot put them together so that they make senselaquo This is a typical experience for those who learn isolated vocabulary

The best way to learn new words is to learn them in the context of a text which is why I combine this step with the next one called Reading

rarr Chunks that are 2ndash4 words long will not only help you memorise words better but also retrieve them faster There is no benefit in knowing thousands of words when one canrsquot retrieve them when needed Here is one example to illustrate the power of context

the German word Bank (f) ❶ is a so-called homograph It could mean either bench or bank (ie the institution dealing with money) or even river bank or reef While you might eventually have to learn several meanings of Bank you donrsquot have to do so at once If you read the two sentences

Er geht in den Park und setzt sich auf eine Bank He goes into the park and sits himself onto a bench ❷

Hans arbeitet bei einer Bank Hans works at a bank

You would very easily be able to figure out which meaning of Bank you are dealing with even if you didnrsquot have any translation at hand the words raquoParklaquo and raquosetzt sichlaquo would pro-vide sufficient context to figure out that Bank in this context means bench You would also have associated the new word with a little background story Suitable chunks might be

sich auf eine Bank setzenbei einer Bank arbeiten

Or Heidi setzt sich auf eine BankPeter arbeitet bei einer Bank

It might seem that you have to learn more words than with the classical wordlist approach but the additional information actually helps you recall it much more easily and quickly when needed

1 I usually use a literal word-by-

word translation to illustrate the German sentence structure That might sound strange to you but it is exactly what you will have to deal with when learning German which most likely has a different sentence structure than your native language

2 You will come across (m) (n) (f)

(pl) quite often in this book Those refer to the gender of nouns and to the (pl)ural The genders in German are (m)asculine (f)eminine (n)euter

12 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS rarr 2 LEARN RELEVANT INFORMATION ONLY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

ein schweizer Bauer a Swiss farmer

hat einen Schatz gefunden (has) found a treasure

roumlmische Muumlnzen Roman coins

der 83-jaumlhrige the 83-year-old

das historische Geld the historical money

zwischen den Obstbaumlumen der Familie between the fruit trees of the family

im Dorf Ueken in the village of Ueken

zwischen Basel und Zurich between Basel and Zurich

2 Learn Relevant Information Only

The more relevant something is the better we learn it Learning just any word that you come across is not really efficient My approach of organising your learning with help of a learning cycle makes the vocabulary you learn 100 relevant because you will use all of it already in the other steps of the cycle

While there are about rarr a thousand words that everyone should know you can basically learn the vocabulary you need right from the beginning If you are an engi-neer a pilot a waiter an artist etc there is no law against studying words that are relevant for your field of interest from day one

Do not use paper flash cards for vocabulary learning They do not provide sufficient context are usually used wrongly and are a colossal waste of your precious lifetime

3 Recommended tools

I do not recommend using any external vocabulary trainers but if you canrsquot help yourself yoursquoll find two of the most popular apps below Before deciding hear why I donrsquot like them

Vocabulary trainers usually train vocabulary in a very mechanical and isolated way While the idea to use technology to time your repetitions of the words you have not yet fully learned is appealing yoursquod still be learning isolated words I have also experimented with creating courses in Memrise (see below) that contained chunks instead of individual words but it turned out that my clients quite soon after having started to learn German invested way too much time in their vocabulary training with these apps And it stressed them out a lot It doesnrsquot make sense to invest up to 60 minutes in trying to memorise words out of context

13 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 4 MEMRISE rarr 5 ALTERNATIVES TO MEMRISE

The approach I describe in this book is far more natural and satisfying Give it try for two weeks and yoursquoll see for yourself that your vocabulary is growing and that you donrsquot feel like you have to hammer any words into your brain If you donrsquot yet trust my experience with over 250 individual learners over the last four years simply try those apps below and remember my words when you realise that you have just spent an hour mostly reviewing vocabulary

4 Memrise

rarr Memrise is a vocabulary training app free of charge Unfortunately most courses created on memrise lack an understanding of learning psychology The problem is that almost all of them offer you a random set of isolated words

The app is self-explanatory but contains a few hidden features that you should look out for Create an account and then try to figure out the following points to become familiar with all its lovely features

1emsp How do you ignore a word that you already know by heart (desktop version only)2emspHow do you download a course (mobile only)3emsp How do you change the amount of vocabulary that is being learned or reviewed

(check the settings on the desktop version)4emspHow do you create your own mem ❸ (desktop only)5emspHow do you enter the German umlauts (auml ouml uuml) and the szlig

You can easily create your own vocabulary course on memrise Make sure to rarr check out this video of mine which will show you how to create your own vocab-ulary course quickly for any German text you want to work with

The Premium version of memrise adds a few more functions that I have not found to be worth the money Memrise itself has certainly earned your support so you might opt in for the Premium package nevertheless simply to support their hard work

5 Alternatives to Memrise

rarr The app Anki might be an alternative to memrise Give them a try but be aware that the creation of your own vocabulary courses with Anki might not be as quick as with memrise I also found ANKI to be far too detailed for the average user ANKIrsquos great for foreign scripts like Chinese or Korean but it costs 2499euro for the iOS ver-sion while the Android version is free of charge

3 mems are word associations I

explain this technique in detail in my German grammar course but Memrise also guides you through the men-creati-on process

14 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 6 USE AN ONLINE DICTIONARY rarr 7 ANALYTICAL READING FOR GERMAN LEARNERS rarr 8 READLANG

6 Use an Online Dictionary

If the material you use is well crafted you often wonrsquot really need a dictionary in the beginning Of course as soon as you progress with your German you will come across words in the outside world and want to look them up

Here are four dictionaries that I use regularly

google translate dictcc leoorg lingueecom

They are also available for most smartphones and at times even enable you to down-load the dictionary for offline use

7 Analytical Reading for German Learners

I have created a reading course for German learners rarr ldquoLearn to Read Germanrdquo comes with audio in two speeds It also contains 54 videos in which I analyse each sentence of the book This is the closest you will ever get to passive learning as you will learn a lot about the German language if you follow my analysis and explanations attentively

8 Readlang

There is one alternative vocabulary app which I found quite helpful rarr Readlang Readying automatically creates relevant vocabulary courses and even allows you to upload your own German texts ❹ But you can also read news sites with the brows-er add-on which is pretty neat

9 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes

Books that are used in group courses at language schools are not suitable for self-study (nor are they of much use in a group)They are made for hundreds of thousands of students and usually are so generic and politically correct that you want to gouge your eyes out They also are usually monolingual meaning that they are written in German only So you will not really understand what is written there without the massive help of your dictionary

4 Copyright Warning Uploaded texts will

be visible for all users of Readlang and therefore there might be a copyright infringement Using illegally uploaded texts is also not legal but might not have legal ramifications A good rule of thumb when it comes to copyright is that if you had to pay for the information elsewhere it is rather unlikely that Readlang or its users have the permission to offer it for free

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 6: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

06 INTRODUCTION

I want you to enjoy your German learning fully and to free your invaluable lifetime which you then can use for whatever you like maybe even more German learning The sG approach is the most efficient German language learning method that I have found in 20 years of intensive research Make rich use of it

I would like to thank you for supporting my work and for taking on the challenge to explore yourself and to become a better human being by learning the wonderful German language

Von HerzenDein Michael

07 THE LEARNING CYCLE

The Learning Cycle rarr

In the following chapters I will introduce you to a very effective learning cycle that I have developed over the last years and that has been applied successfully by over a hundred clients of mine You can adapt it to your individual learning speed and needs For those interested I will explain the idea behind each step and how it works at the end of each chapter There are a basic cycle and an advanced cycle Here is a quick overview of the steps

emsp1 Learn vocab review 5mins here amp there new words max 20 mins

emsp2 Read text while listening along Hhighlight new words Pause frequently

emsp3 Write a dictation A Written dictation emspI Listen Pause Write Do not rewind audio Leave gaps emspII Write 5-7 sentences max emspIII Listen again Pause Fill in gaps Correct mistakes emspIV Compare with original text Do NOT correct Highlight mistakes emspV Note number of mistakes emspVI Repeat steps i-v immediately emspVII Continue with cycle BUT emspVIII Repeat dictation a 3rd time a few hours later B Oral dictation emspI Listen Pause Repeat Do not read emspII Record your voice + original audio emspIII Listen to the recording

emsp4 Study grammar watch 1 grammar video in chronological order + exercise with pdf

See next Page rarr

08 THE LEARNING CYCLE

emsp5 Preach

A Write down quickly 7 items sentences (EN) emspI Translate into German emspII Write down gender B Learn gender properly C Write down preaching sentence in Google docs amp leave comment for teacher Example Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker D After teacherrsquos ok write sentences on post-itsflash cards like this FRONT Drucker larr no other info at all BACK Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker E Stick that post-it wherever you want Do not label things in your flat F Whenever you pass by a post-it try to remember what is written on its BACK G If you are right a few times in a row put the post it into your archive (eg a fridge door) H Once you got the BACK right repeat the sentence 2x more fluently I Record yourself and listen to it afterwards Pay attention to gender Send recording to teacher [see lsquoHow to Preachrsquo over page]

emsp6 Listen A Actively listen to audio of text Pause frequently B Passively listen to any kind of audio in background Do not focus on it

See next Page rarr

09 THE LEARNING CYCLE

ADVANCED CYCLE

emsp7 Write a text hellip about a topic you like 80 words 30 mins max A Write a draft in English B Simplify the draft (imagine a 10yo reader) C Translate into German D One sentence per line E Write unknown words in English look them up later F Highlight looked up words G Run Checkup

emsp8 Dictate A Record 3 mins of yourself talking spontaneously about any topic B Send it to your ldquosecretaryrdquo who transcribes text amp highlights mistakes plus one trigger per sentence C Analyze mistakes (with tutorrsquos help) D Use triggers to repeat the exact same sentence E Record yourself again and get final check up

emsp9 Translate A Listen to a sentence in German Do not read B Translate loudly into English C Record yourself and listen to your work afterwards

10 BASIC CYCLE

Basic Cycle 1 Learn vocabulary 2 Read text 3 Write what you hear 4 Study grammar 5 Preach grammar amp structures 6 Listen

Advanced Cycle 1 Write text 2 Speak to yourself 3 Translate what you hear

rarr download the pdf

Every step should last between 20thinspndashthinsp30 minutes Take breaks frequently It is in the breaks that your brain processes what you have just learned Theoretically you can study up to 9thinspndashthinsp12 hours per day but even 30 minutes daily will yield tangible results

Letrsquos get started

11 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS

Step 1emsp Learn Vocabulary rarr

1 Context amp Chunks

There is no way around learning vocabulary and itrsquos one of the most challenging tasks when learning any language but does this complaint seem familiar to you raquoI understand every word of that sentence but canrsquot put them together so that they make senselaquo This is a typical experience for those who learn isolated vocabulary

The best way to learn new words is to learn them in the context of a text which is why I combine this step with the next one called Reading

rarr Chunks that are 2ndash4 words long will not only help you memorise words better but also retrieve them faster There is no benefit in knowing thousands of words when one canrsquot retrieve them when needed Here is one example to illustrate the power of context

the German word Bank (f) ❶ is a so-called homograph It could mean either bench or bank (ie the institution dealing with money) or even river bank or reef While you might eventually have to learn several meanings of Bank you donrsquot have to do so at once If you read the two sentences

Er geht in den Park und setzt sich auf eine Bank He goes into the park and sits himself onto a bench ❷

Hans arbeitet bei einer Bank Hans works at a bank

You would very easily be able to figure out which meaning of Bank you are dealing with even if you didnrsquot have any translation at hand the words raquoParklaquo and raquosetzt sichlaquo would pro-vide sufficient context to figure out that Bank in this context means bench You would also have associated the new word with a little background story Suitable chunks might be

sich auf eine Bank setzenbei einer Bank arbeiten

Or Heidi setzt sich auf eine BankPeter arbeitet bei einer Bank

It might seem that you have to learn more words than with the classical wordlist approach but the additional information actually helps you recall it much more easily and quickly when needed

1 I usually use a literal word-by-

word translation to illustrate the German sentence structure That might sound strange to you but it is exactly what you will have to deal with when learning German which most likely has a different sentence structure than your native language

2 You will come across (m) (n) (f)

(pl) quite often in this book Those refer to the gender of nouns and to the (pl)ural The genders in German are (m)asculine (f)eminine (n)euter

12 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS rarr 2 LEARN RELEVANT INFORMATION ONLY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

ein schweizer Bauer a Swiss farmer

hat einen Schatz gefunden (has) found a treasure

roumlmische Muumlnzen Roman coins

der 83-jaumlhrige the 83-year-old

das historische Geld the historical money

zwischen den Obstbaumlumen der Familie between the fruit trees of the family

im Dorf Ueken in the village of Ueken

zwischen Basel und Zurich between Basel and Zurich

2 Learn Relevant Information Only

The more relevant something is the better we learn it Learning just any word that you come across is not really efficient My approach of organising your learning with help of a learning cycle makes the vocabulary you learn 100 relevant because you will use all of it already in the other steps of the cycle

While there are about rarr a thousand words that everyone should know you can basically learn the vocabulary you need right from the beginning If you are an engi-neer a pilot a waiter an artist etc there is no law against studying words that are relevant for your field of interest from day one

Do not use paper flash cards for vocabulary learning They do not provide sufficient context are usually used wrongly and are a colossal waste of your precious lifetime

3 Recommended tools

I do not recommend using any external vocabulary trainers but if you canrsquot help yourself yoursquoll find two of the most popular apps below Before deciding hear why I donrsquot like them

Vocabulary trainers usually train vocabulary in a very mechanical and isolated way While the idea to use technology to time your repetitions of the words you have not yet fully learned is appealing yoursquod still be learning isolated words I have also experimented with creating courses in Memrise (see below) that contained chunks instead of individual words but it turned out that my clients quite soon after having started to learn German invested way too much time in their vocabulary training with these apps And it stressed them out a lot It doesnrsquot make sense to invest up to 60 minutes in trying to memorise words out of context

13 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 4 MEMRISE rarr 5 ALTERNATIVES TO MEMRISE

The approach I describe in this book is far more natural and satisfying Give it try for two weeks and yoursquoll see for yourself that your vocabulary is growing and that you donrsquot feel like you have to hammer any words into your brain If you donrsquot yet trust my experience with over 250 individual learners over the last four years simply try those apps below and remember my words when you realise that you have just spent an hour mostly reviewing vocabulary

4 Memrise

rarr Memrise is a vocabulary training app free of charge Unfortunately most courses created on memrise lack an understanding of learning psychology The problem is that almost all of them offer you a random set of isolated words

The app is self-explanatory but contains a few hidden features that you should look out for Create an account and then try to figure out the following points to become familiar with all its lovely features

1emsp How do you ignore a word that you already know by heart (desktop version only)2emspHow do you download a course (mobile only)3emsp How do you change the amount of vocabulary that is being learned or reviewed

(check the settings on the desktop version)4emspHow do you create your own mem ❸ (desktop only)5emspHow do you enter the German umlauts (auml ouml uuml) and the szlig

You can easily create your own vocabulary course on memrise Make sure to rarr check out this video of mine which will show you how to create your own vocab-ulary course quickly for any German text you want to work with

The Premium version of memrise adds a few more functions that I have not found to be worth the money Memrise itself has certainly earned your support so you might opt in for the Premium package nevertheless simply to support their hard work

5 Alternatives to Memrise

rarr The app Anki might be an alternative to memrise Give them a try but be aware that the creation of your own vocabulary courses with Anki might not be as quick as with memrise I also found ANKI to be far too detailed for the average user ANKIrsquos great for foreign scripts like Chinese or Korean but it costs 2499euro for the iOS ver-sion while the Android version is free of charge

3 mems are word associations I

explain this technique in detail in my German grammar course but Memrise also guides you through the men-creati-on process

14 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 6 USE AN ONLINE DICTIONARY rarr 7 ANALYTICAL READING FOR GERMAN LEARNERS rarr 8 READLANG

6 Use an Online Dictionary

If the material you use is well crafted you often wonrsquot really need a dictionary in the beginning Of course as soon as you progress with your German you will come across words in the outside world and want to look them up

Here are four dictionaries that I use regularly

google translate dictcc leoorg lingueecom

They are also available for most smartphones and at times even enable you to down-load the dictionary for offline use

7 Analytical Reading for German Learners

I have created a reading course for German learners rarr ldquoLearn to Read Germanrdquo comes with audio in two speeds It also contains 54 videos in which I analyse each sentence of the book This is the closest you will ever get to passive learning as you will learn a lot about the German language if you follow my analysis and explanations attentively

8 Readlang

There is one alternative vocabulary app which I found quite helpful rarr Readlang Readying automatically creates relevant vocabulary courses and even allows you to upload your own German texts ❹ But you can also read news sites with the brows-er add-on which is pretty neat

9 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes

Books that are used in group courses at language schools are not suitable for self-study (nor are they of much use in a group)They are made for hundreds of thousands of students and usually are so generic and politically correct that you want to gouge your eyes out They also are usually monolingual meaning that they are written in German only So you will not really understand what is written there without the massive help of your dictionary

4 Copyright Warning Uploaded texts will

be visible for all users of Readlang and therefore there might be a copyright infringement Using illegally uploaded texts is also not legal but might not have legal ramifications A good rule of thumb when it comes to copyright is that if you had to pay for the information elsewhere it is rather unlikely that Readlang or its users have the permission to offer it for free

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 7: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

07 THE LEARNING CYCLE

The Learning Cycle rarr

In the following chapters I will introduce you to a very effective learning cycle that I have developed over the last years and that has been applied successfully by over a hundred clients of mine You can adapt it to your individual learning speed and needs For those interested I will explain the idea behind each step and how it works at the end of each chapter There are a basic cycle and an advanced cycle Here is a quick overview of the steps

emsp1 Learn vocab review 5mins here amp there new words max 20 mins

emsp2 Read text while listening along Hhighlight new words Pause frequently

emsp3 Write a dictation A Written dictation emspI Listen Pause Write Do not rewind audio Leave gaps emspII Write 5-7 sentences max emspIII Listen again Pause Fill in gaps Correct mistakes emspIV Compare with original text Do NOT correct Highlight mistakes emspV Note number of mistakes emspVI Repeat steps i-v immediately emspVII Continue with cycle BUT emspVIII Repeat dictation a 3rd time a few hours later B Oral dictation emspI Listen Pause Repeat Do not read emspII Record your voice + original audio emspIII Listen to the recording

emsp4 Study grammar watch 1 grammar video in chronological order + exercise with pdf

See next Page rarr

08 THE LEARNING CYCLE

emsp5 Preach

A Write down quickly 7 items sentences (EN) emspI Translate into German emspII Write down gender B Learn gender properly C Write down preaching sentence in Google docs amp leave comment for teacher Example Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker D After teacherrsquos ok write sentences on post-itsflash cards like this FRONT Drucker larr no other info at all BACK Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker E Stick that post-it wherever you want Do not label things in your flat F Whenever you pass by a post-it try to remember what is written on its BACK G If you are right a few times in a row put the post it into your archive (eg a fridge door) H Once you got the BACK right repeat the sentence 2x more fluently I Record yourself and listen to it afterwards Pay attention to gender Send recording to teacher [see lsquoHow to Preachrsquo over page]

emsp6 Listen A Actively listen to audio of text Pause frequently B Passively listen to any kind of audio in background Do not focus on it

See next Page rarr

09 THE LEARNING CYCLE

ADVANCED CYCLE

emsp7 Write a text hellip about a topic you like 80 words 30 mins max A Write a draft in English B Simplify the draft (imagine a 10yo reader) C Translate into German D One sentence per line E Write unknown words in English look them up later F Highlight looked up words G Run Checkup

emsp8 Dictate A Record 3 mins of yourself talking spontaneously about any topic B Send it to your ldquosecretaryrdquo who transcribes text amp highlights mistakes plus one trigger per sentence C Analyze mistakes (with tutorrsquos help) D Use triggers to repeat the exact same sentence E Record yourself again and get final check up

emsp9 Translate A Listen to a sentence in German Do not read B Translate loudly into English C Record yourself and listen to your work afterwards

10 BASIC CYCLE

Basic Cycle 1 Learn vocabulary 2 Read text 3 Write what you hear 4 Study grammar 5 Preach grammar amp structures 6 Listen

Advanced Cycle 1 Write text 2 Speak to yourself 3 Translate what you hear

rarr download the pdf

Every step should last between 20thinspndashthinsp30 minutes Take breaks frequently It is in the breaks that your brain processes what you have just learned Theoretically you can study up to 9thinspndashthinsp12 hours per day but even 30 minutes daily will yield tangible results

Letrsquos get started

11 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS

Step 1emsp Learn Vocabulary rarr

1 Context amp Chunks

There is no way around learning vocabulary and itrsquos one of the most challenging tasks when learning any language but does this complaint seem familiar to you raquoI understand every word of that sentence but canrsquot put them together so that they make senselaquo This is a typical experience for those who learn isolated vocabulary

The best way to learn new words is to learn them in the context of a text which is why I combine this step with the next one called Reading

rarr Chunks that are 2ndash4 words long will not only help you memorise words better but also retrieve them faster There is no benefit in knowing thousands of words when one canrsquot retrieve them when needed Here is one example to illustrate the power of context

the German word Bank (f) ❶ is a so-called homograph It could mean either bench or bank (ie the institution dealing with money) or even river bank or reef While you might eventually have to learn several meanings of Bank you donrsquot have to do so at once If you read the two sentences

Er geht in den Park und setzt sich auf eine Bank He goes into the park and sits himself onto a bench ❷

Hans arbeitet bei einer Bank Hans works at a bank

You would very easily be able to figure out which meaning of Bank you are dealing with even if you didnrsquot have any translation at hand the words raquoParklaquo and raquosetzt sichlaquo would pro-vide sufficient context to figure out that Bank in this context means bench You would also have associated the new word with a little background story Suitable chunks might be

sich auf eine Bank setzenbei einer Bank arbeiten

Or Heidi setzt sich auf eine BankPeter arbeitet bei einer Bank

It might seem that you have to learn more words than with the classical wordlist approach but the additional information actually helps you recall it much more easily and quickly when needed

1 I usually use a literal word-by-

word translation to illustrate the German sentence structure That might sound strange to you but it is exactly what you will have to deal with when learning German which most likely has a different sentence structure than your native language

2 You will come across (m) (n) (f)

(pl) quite often in this book Those refer to the gender of nouns and to the (pl)ural The genders in German are (m)asculine (f)eminine (n)euter

12 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS rarr 2 LEARN RELEVANT INFORMATION ONLY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

ein schweizer Bauer a Swiss farmer

hat einen Schatz gefunden (has) found a treasure

roumlmische Muumlnzen Roman coins

der 83-jaumlhrige the 83-year-old

das historische Geld the historical money

zwischen den Obstbaumlumen der Familie between the fruit trees of the family

im Dorf Ueken in the village of Ueken

zwischen Basel und Zurich between Basel and Zurich

2 Learn Relevant Information Only

The more relevant something is the better we learn it Learning just any word that you come across is not really efficient My approach of organising your learning with help of a learning cycle makes the vocabulary you learn 100 relevant because you will use all of it already in the other steps of the cycle

While there are about rarr a thousand words that everyone should know you can basically learn the vocabulary you need right from the beginning If you are an engi-neer a pilot a waiter an artist etc there is no law against studying words that are relevant for your field of interest from day one

Do not use paper flash cards for vocabulary learning They do not provide sufficient context are usually used wrongly and are a colossal waste of your precious lifetime

3 Recommended tools

I do not recommend using any external vocabulary trainers but if you canrsquot help yourself yoursquoll find two of the most popular apps below Before deciding hear why I donrsquot like them

Vocabulary trainers usually train vocabulary in a very mechanical and isolated way While the idea to use technology to time your repetitions of the words you have not yet fully learned is appealing yoursquod still be learning isolated words I have also experimented with creating courses in Memrise (see below) that contained chunks instead of individual words but it turned out that my clients quite soon after having started to learn German invested way too much time in their vocabulary training with these apps And it stressed them out a lot It doesnrsquot make sense to invest up to 60 minutes in trying to memorise words out of context

13 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 4 MEMRISE rarr 5 ALTERNATIVES TO MEMRISE

The approach I describe in this book is far more natural and satisfying Give it try for two weeks and yoursquoll see for yourself that your vocabulary is growing and that you donrsquot feel like you have to hammer any words into your brain If you donrsquot yet trust my experience with over 250 individual learners over the last four years simply try those apps below and remember my words when you realise that you have just spent an hour mostly reviewing vocabulary

4 Memrise

rarr Memrise is a vocabulary training app free of charge Unfortunately most courses created on memrise lack an understanding of learning psychology The problem is that almost all of them offer you a random set of isolated words

The app is self-explanatory but contains a few hidden features that you should look out for Create an account and then try to figure out the following points to become familiar with all its lovely features

1emsp How do you ignore a word that you already know by heart (desktop version only)2emspHow do you download a course (mobile only)3emsp How do you change the amount of vocabulary that is being learned or reviewed

(check the settings on the desktop version)4emspHow do you create your own mem ❸ (desktop only)5emspHow do you enter the German umlauts (auml ouml uuml) and the szlig

You can easily create your own vocabulary course on memrise Make sure to rarr check out this video of mine which will show you how to create your own vocab-ulary course quickly for any German text you want to work with

The Premium version of memrise adds a few more functions that I have not found to be worth the money Memrise itself has certainly earned your support so you might opt in for the Premium package nevertheless simply to support their hard work

5 Alternatives to Memrise

rarr The app Anki might be an alternative to memrise Give them a try but be aware that the creation of your own vocabulary courses with Anki might not be as quick as with memrise I also found ANKI to be far too detailed for the average user ANKIrsquos great for foreign scripts like Chinese or Korean but it costs 2499euro for the iOS ver-sion while the Android version is free of charge

3 mems are word associations I

explain this technique in detail in my German grammar course but Memrise also guides you through the men-creati-on process

14 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 6 USE AN ONLINE DICTIONARY rarr 7 ANALYTICAL READING FOR GERMAN LEARNERS rarr 8 READLANG

6 Use an Online Dictionary

If the material you use is well crafted you often wonrsquot really need a dictionary in the beginning Of course as soon as you progress with your German you will come across words in the outside world and want to look them up

Here are four dictionaries that I use regularly

google translate dictcc leoorg lingueecom

They are also available for most smartphones and at times even enable you to down-load the dictionary for offline use

7 Analytical Reading for German Learners

I have created a reading course for German learners rarr ldquoLearn to Read Germanrdquo comes with audio in two speeds It also contains 54 videos in which I analyse each sentence of the book This is the closest you will ever get to passive learning as you will learn a lot about the German language if you follow my analysis and explanations attentively

8 Readlang

There is one alternative vocabulary app which I found quite helpful rarr Readlang Readying automatically creates relevant vocabulary courses and even allows you to upload your own German texts ❹ But you can also read news sites with the brows-er add-on which is pretty neat

9 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes

Books that are used in group courses at language schools are not suitable for self-study (nor are they of much use in a group)They are made for hundreds of thousands of students and usually are so generic and politically correct that you want to gouge your eyes out They also are usually monolingual meaning that they are written in German only So you will not really understand what is written there without the massive help of your dictionary

4 Copyright Warning Uploaded texts will

be visible for all users of Readlang and therefore there might be a copyright infringement Using illegally uploaded texts is also not legal but might not have legal ramifications A good rule of thumb when it comes to copyright is that if you had to pay for the information elsewhere it is rather unlikely that Readlang or its users have the permission to offer it for free

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 8: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

08 THE LEARNING CYCLE

emsp5 Preach

A Write down quickly 7 items sentences (EN) emspI Translate into German emspII Write down gender B Learn gender properly C Write down preaching sentence in Google docs amp leave comment for teacher Example Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker D After teacherrsquos ok write sentences on post-itsflash cards like this FRONT Drucker larr no other info at all BACK Ich sehe einen (grauen) Drucker E Stick that post-it wherever you want Do not label things in your flat F Whenever you pass by a post-it try to remember what is written on its BACK G If you are right a few times in a row put the post it into your archive (eg a fridge door) H Once you got the BACK right repeat the sentence 2x more fluently I Record yourself and listen to it afterwards Pay attention to gender Send recording to teacher [see lsquoHow to Preachrsquo over page]

emsp6 Listen A Actively listen to audio of text Pause frequently B Passively listen to any kind of audio in background Do not focus on it

See next Page rarr

09 THE LEARNING CYCLE

ADVANCED CYCLE

emsp7 Write a text hellip about a topic you like 80 words 30 mins max A Write a draft in English B Simplify the draft (imagine a 10yo reader) C Translate into German D One sentence per line E Write unknown words in English look them up later F Highlight looked up words G Run Checkup

emsp8 Dictate A Record 3 mins of yourself talking spontaneously about any topic B Send it to your ldquosecretaryrdquo who transcribes text amp highlights mistakes plus one trigger per sentence C Analyze mistakes (with tutorrsquos help) D Use triggers to repeat the exact same sentence E Record yourself again and get final check up

emsp9 Translate A Listen to a sentence in German Do not read B Translate loudly into English C Record yourself and listen to your work afterwards

10 BASIC CYCLE

Basic Cycle 1 Learn vocabulary 2 Read text 3 Write what you hear 4 Study grammar 5 Preach grammar amp structures 6 Listen

Advanced Cycle 1 Write text 2 Speak to yourself 3 Translate what you hear

rarr download the pdf

Every step should last between 20thinspndashthinsp30 minutes Take breaks frequently It is in the breaks that your brain processes what you have just learned Theoretically you can study up to 9thinspndashthinsp12 hours per day but even 30 minutes daily will yield tangible results

Letrsquos get started

11 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS

Step 1emsp Learn Vocabulary rarr

1 Context amp Chunks

There is no way around learning vocabulary and itrsquos one of the most challenging tasks when learning any language but does this complaint seem familiar to you raquoI understand every word of that sentence but canrsquot put them together so that they make senselaquo This is a typical experience for those who learn isolated vocabulary

The best way to learn new words is to learn them in the context of a text which is why I combine this step with the next one called Reading

rarr Chunks that are 2ndash4 words long will not only help you memorise words better but also retrieve them faster There is no benefit in knowing thousands of words when one canrsquot retrieve them when needed Here is one example to illustrate the power of context

the German word Bank (f) ❶ is a so-called homograph It could mean either bench or bank (ie the institution dealing with money) or even river bank or reef While you might eventually have to learn several meanings of Bank you donrsquot have to do so at once If you read the two sentences

Er geht in den Park und setzt sich auf eine Bank He goes into the park and sits himself onto a bench ❷

Hans arbeitet bei einer Bank Hans works at a bank

You would very easily be able to figure out which meaning of Bank you are dealing with even if you didnrsquot have any translation at hand the words raquoParklaquo and raquosetzt sichlaquo would pro-vide sufficient context to figure out that Bank in this context means bench You would also have associated the new word with a little background story Suitable chunks might be

sich auf eine Bank setzenbei einer Bank arbeiten

Or Heidi setzt sich auf eine BankPeter arbeitet bei einer Bank

It might seem that you have to learn more words than with the classical wordlist approach but the additional information actually helps you recall it much more easily and quickly when needed

1 I usually use a literal word-by-

word translation to illustrate the German sentence structure That might sound strange to you but it is exactly what you will have to deal with when learning German which most likely has a different sentence structure than your native language

2 You will come across (m) (n) (f)

(pl) quite often in this book Those refer to the gender of nouns and to the (pl)ural The genders in German are (m)asculine (f)eminine (n)euter

12 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS rarr 2 LEARN RELEVANT INFORMATION ONLY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

ein schweizer Bauer a Swiss farmer

hat einen Schatz gefunden (has) found a treasure

roumlmische Muumlnzen Roman coins

der 83-jaumlhrige the 83-year-old

das historische Geld the historical money

zwischen den Obstbaumlumen der Familie between the fruit trees of the family

im Dorf Ueken in the village of Ueken

zwischen Basel und Zurich between Basel and Zurich

2 Learn Relevant Information Only

The more relevant something is the better we learn it Learning just any word that you come across is not really efficient My approach of organising your learning with help of a learning cycle makes the vocabulary you learn 100 relevant because you will use all of it already in the other steps of the cycle

While there are about rarr a thousand words that everyone should know you can basically learn the vocabulary you need right from the beginning If you are an engi-neer a pilot a waiter an artist etc there is no law against studying words that are relevant for your field of interest from day one

Do not use paper flash cards for vocabulary learning They do not provide sufficient context are usually used wrongly and are a colossal waste of your precious lifetime

3 Recommended tools

I do not recommend using any external vocabulary trainers but if you canrsquot help yourself yoursquoll find two of the most popular apps below Before deciding hear why I donrsquot like them

Vocabulary trainers usually train vocabulary in a very mechanical and isolated way While the idea to use technology to time your repetitions of the words you have not yet fully learned is appealing yoursquod still be learning isolated words I have also experimented with creating courses in Memrise (see below) that contained chunks instead of individual words but it turned out that my clients quite soon after having started to learn German invested way too much time in their vocabulary training with these apps And it stressed them out a lot It doesnrsquot make sense to invest up to 60 minutes in trying to memorise words out of context

13 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 4 MEMRISE rarr 5 ALTERNATIVES TO MEMRISE

The approach I describe in this book is far more natural and satisfying Give it try for two weeks and yoursquoll see for yourself that your vocabulary is growing and that you donrsquot feel like you have to hammer any words into your brain If you donrsquot yet trust my experience with over 250 individual learners over the last four years simply try those apps below and remember my words when you realise that you have just spent an hour mostly reviewing vocabulary

4 Memrise

rarr Memrise is a vocabulary training app free of charge Unfortunately most courses created on memrise lack an understanding of learning psychology The problem is that almost all of them offer you a random set of isolated words

The app is self-explanatory but contains a few hidden features that you should look out for Create an account and then try to figure out the following points to become familiar with all its lovely features

1emsp How do you ignore a word that you already know by heart (desktop version only)2emspHow do you download a course (mobile only)3emsp How do you change the amount of vocabulary that is being learned or reviewed

(check the settings on the desktop version)4emspHow do you create your own mem ❸ (desktop only)5emspHow do you enter the German umlauts (auml ouml uuml) and the szlig

You can easily create your own vocabulary course on memrise Make sure to rarr check out this video of mine which will show you how to create your own vocab-ulary course quickly for any German text you want to work with

The Premium version of memrise adds a few more functions that I have not found to be worth the money Memrise itself has certainly earned your support so you might opt in for the Premium package nevertheless simply to support their hard work

5 Alternatives to Memrise

rarr The app Anki might be an alternative to memrise Give them a try but be aware that the creation of your own vocabulary courses with Anki might not be as quick as with memrise I also found ANKI to be far too detailed for the average user ANKIrsquos great for foreign scripts like Chinese or Korean but it costs 2499euro for the iOS ver-sion while the Android version is free of charge

3 mems are word associations I

explain this technique in detail in my German grammar course but Memrise also guides you through the men-creati-on process

14 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 6 USE AN ONLINE DICTIONARY rarr 7 ANALYTICAL READING FOR GERMAN LEARNERS rarr 8 READLANG

6 Use an Online Dictionary

If the material you use is well crafted you often wonrsquot really need a dictionary in the beginning Of course as soon as you progress with your German you will come across words in the outside world and want to look them up

Here are four dictionaries that I use regularly

google translate dictcc leoorg lingueecom

They are also available for most smartphones and at times even enable you to down-load the dictionary for offline use

7 Analytical Reading for German Learners

I have created a reading course for German learners rarr ldquoLearn to Read Germanrdquo comes with audio in two speeds It also contains 54 videos in which I analyse each sentence of the book This is the closest you will ever get to passive learning as you will learn a lot about the German language if you follow my analysis and explanations attentively

8 Readlang

There is one alternative vocabulary app which I found quite helpful rarr Readlang Readying automatically creates relevant vocabulary courses and even allows you to upload your own German texts ❹ But you can also read news sites with the brows-er add-on which is pretty neat

9 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes

Books that are used in group courses at language schools are not suitable for self-study (nor are they of much use in a group)They are made for hundreds of thousands of students and usually are so generic and politically correct that you want to gouge your eyes out They also are usually monolingual meaning that they are written in German only So you will not really understand what is written there without the massive help of your dictionary

4 Copyright Warning Uploaded texts will

be visible for all users of Readlang and therefore there might be a copyright infringement Using illegally uploaded texts is also not legal but might not have legal ramifications A good rule of thumb when it comes to copyright is that if you had to pay for the information elsewhere it is rather unlikely that Readlang or its users have the permission to offer it for free

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 9: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

09 THE LEARNING CYCLE

ADVANCED CYCLE

emsp7 Write a text hellip about a topic you like 80 words 30 mins max A Write a draft in English B Simplify the draft (imagine a 10yo reader) C Translate into German D One sentence per line E Write unknown words in English look them up later F Highlight looked up words G Run Checkup

emsp8 Dictate A Record 3 mins of yourself talking spontaneously about any topic B Send it to your ldquosecretaryrdquo who transcribes text amp highlights mistakes plus one trigger per sentence C Analyze mistakes (with tutorrsquos help) D Use triggers to repeat the exact same sentence E Record yourself again and get final check up

emsp9 Translate A Listen to a sentence in German Do not read B Translate loudly into English C Record yourself and listen to your work afterwards

10 BASIC CYCLE

Basic Cycle 1 Learn vocabulary 2 Read text 3 Write what you hear 4 Study grammar 5 Preach grammar amp structures 6 Listen

Advanced Cycle 1 Write text 2 Speak to yourself 3 Translate what you hear

rarr download the pdf

Every step should last between 20thinspndashthinsp30 minutes Take breaks frequently It is in the breaks that your brain processes what you have just learned Theoretically you can study up to 9thinspndashthinsp12 hours per day but even 30 minutes daily will yield tangible results

Letrsquos get started

11 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS

Step 1emsp Learn Vocabulary rarr

1 Context amp Chunks

There is no way around learning vocabulary and itrsquos one of the most challenging tasks when learning any language but does this complaint seem familiar to you raquoI understand every word of that sentence but canrsquot put them together so that they make senselaquo This is a typical experience for those who learn isolated vocabulary

The best way to learn new words is to learn them in the context of a text which is why I combine this step with the next one called Reading

rarr Chunks that are 2ndash4 words long will not only help you memorise words better but also retrieve them faster There is no benefit in knowing thousands of words when one canrsquot retrieve them when needed Here is one example to illustrate the power of context

the German word Bank (f) ❶ is a so-called homograph It could mean either bench or bank (ie the institution dealing with money) or even river bank or reef While you might eventually have to learn several meanings of Bank you donrsquot have to do so at once If you read the two sentences

Er geht in den Park und setzt sich auf eine Bank He goes into the park and sits himself onto a bench ❷

Hans arbeitet bei einer Bank Hans works at a bank

You would very easily be able to figure out which meaning of Bank you are dealing with even if you didnrsquot have any translation at hand the words raquoParklaquo and raquosetzt sichlaquo would pro-vide sufficient context to figure out that Bank in this context means bench You would also have associated the new word with a little background story Suitable chunks might be

sich auf eine Bank setzenbei einer Bank arbeiten

Or Heidi setzt sich auf eine BankPeter arbeitet bei einer Bank

It might seem that you have to learn more words than with the classical wordlist approach but the additional information actually helps you recall it much more easily and quickly when needed

1 I usually use a literal word-by-

word translation to illustrate the German sentence structure That might sound strange to you but it is exactly what you will have to deal with when learning German which most likely has a different sentence structure than your native language

2 You will come across (m) (n) (f)

(pl) quite often in this book Those refer to the gender of nouns and to the (pl)ural The genders in German are (m)asculine (f)eminine (n)euter

12 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS rarr 2 LEARN RELEVANT INFORMATION ONLY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

ein schweizer Bauer a Swiss farmer

hat einen Schatz gefunden (has) found a treasure

roumlmische Muumlnzen Roman coins

der 83-jaumlhrige the 83-year-old

das historische Geld the historical money

zwischen den Obstbaumlumen der Familie between the fruit trees of the family

im Dorf Ueken in the village of Ueken

zwischen Basel und Zurich between Basel and Zurich

2 Learn Relevant Information Only

The more relevant something is the better we learn it Learning just any word that you come across is not really efficient My approach of organising your learning with help of a learning cycle makes the vocabulary you learn 100 relevant because you will use all of it already in the other steps of the cycle

While there are about rarr a thousand words that everyone should know you can basically learn the vocabulary you need right from the beginning If you are an engi-neer a pilot a waiter an artist etc there is no law against studying words that are relevant for your field of interest from day one

Do not use paper flash cards for vocabulary learning They do not provide sufficient context are usually used wrongly and are a colossal waste of your precious lifetime

3 Recommended tools

I do not recommend using any external vocabulary trainers but if you canrsquot help yourself yoursquoll find two of the most popular apps below Before deciding hear why I donrsquot like them

Vocabulary trainers usually train vocabulary in a very mechanical and isolated way While the idea to use technology to time your repetitions of the words you have not yet fully learned is appealing yoursquod still be learning isolated words I have also experimented with creating courses in Memrise (see below) that contained chunks instead of individual words but it turned out that my clients quite soon after having started to learn German invested way too much time in their vocabulary training with these apps And it stressed them out a lot It doesnrsquot make sense to invest up to 60 minutes in trying to memorise words out of context

13 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 4 MEMRISE rarr 5 ALTERNATIVES TO MEMRISE

The approach I describe in this book is far more natural and satisfying Give it try for two weeks and yoursquoll see for yourself that your vocabulary is growing and that you donrsquot feel like you have to hammer any words into your brain If you donrsquot yet trust my experience with over 250 individual learners over the last four years simply try those apps below and remember my words when you realise that you have just spent an hour mostly reviewing vocabulary

4 Memrise

rarr Memrise is a vocabulary training app free of charge Unfortunately most courses created on memrise lack an understanding of learning psychology The problem is that almost all of them offer you a random set of isolated words

The app is self-explanatory but contains a few hidden features that you should look out for Create an account and then try to figure out the following points to become familiar with all its lovely features

1emsp How do you ignore a word that you already know by heart (desktop version only)2emspHow do you download a course (mobile only)3emsp How do you change the amount of vocabulary that is being learned or reviewed

(check the settings on the desktop version)4emspHow do you create your own mem ❸ (desktop only)5emspHow do you enter the German umlauts (auml ouml uuml) and the szlig

You can easily create your own vocabulary course on memrise Make sure to rarr check out this video of mine which will show you how to create your own vocab-ulary course quickly for any German text you want to work with

The Premium version of memrise adds a few more functions that I have not found to be worth the money Memrise itself has certainly earned your support so you might opt in for the Premium package nevertheless simply to support their hard work

5 Alternatives to Memrise

rarr The app Anki might be an alternative to memrise Give them a try but be aware that the creation of your own vocabulary courses with Anki might not be as quick as with memrise I also found ANKI to be far too detailed for the average user ANKIrsquos great for foreign scripts like Chinese or Korean but it costs 2499euro for the iOS ver-sion while the Android version is free of charge

3 mems are word associations I

explain this technique in detail in my German grammar course but Memrise also guides you through the men-creati-on process

14 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 6 USE AN ONLINE DICTIONARY rarr 7 ANALYTICAL READING FOR GERMAN LEARNERS rarr 8 READLANG

6 Use an Online Dictionary

If the material you use is well crafted you often wonrsquot really need a dictionary in the beginning Of course as soon as you progress with your German you will come across words in the outside world and want to look them up

Here are four dictionaries that I use regularly

google translate dictcc leoorg lingueecom

They are also available for most smartphones and at times even enable you to down-load the dictionary for offline use

7 Analytical Reading for German Learners

I have created a reading course for German learners rarr ldquoLearn to Read Germanrdquo comes with audio in two speeds It also contains 54 videos in which I analyse each sentence of the book This is the closest you will ever get to passive learning as you will learn a lot about the German language if you follow my analysis and explanations attentively

8 Readlang

There is one alternative vocabulary app which I found quite helpful rarr Readlang Readying automatically creates relevant vocabulary courses and even allows you to upload your own German texts ❹ But you can also read news sites with the brows-er add-on which is pretty neat

9 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes

Books that are used in group courses at language schools are not suitable for self-study (nor are they of much use in a group)They are made for hundreds of thousands of students and usually are so generic and politically correct that you want to gouge your eyes out They also are usually monolingual meaning that they are written in German only So you will not really understand what is written there without the massive help of your dictionary

4 Copyright Warning Uploaded texts will

be visible for all users of Readlang and therefore there might be a copyright infringement Using illegally uploaded texts is also not legal but might not have legal ramifications A good rule of thumb when it comes to copyright is that if you had to pay for the information elsewhere it is rather unlikely that Readlang or its users have the permission to offer it for free

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 10: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

10 BASIC CYCLE

Basic Cycle 1 Learn vocabulary 2 Read text 3 Write what you hear 4 Study grammar 5 Preach grammar amp structures 6 Listen

Advanced Cycle 1 Write text 2 Speak to yourself 3 Translate what you hear

rarr download the pdf

Every step should last between 20thinspndashthinsp30 minutes Take breaks frequently It is in the breaks that your brain processes what you have just learned Theoretically you can study up to 9thinspndashthinsp12 hours per day but even 30 minutes daily will yield tangible results

Letrsquos get started

11 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS

Step 1emsp Learn Vocabulary rarr

1 Context amp Chunks

There is no way around learning vocabulary and itrsquos one of the most challenging tasks when learning any language but does this complaint seem familiar to you raquoI understand every word of that sentence but canrsquot put them together so that they make senselaquo This is a typical experience for those who learn isolated vocabulary

The best way to learn new words is to learn them in the context of a text which is why I combine this step with the next one called Reading

rarr Chunks that are 2ndash4 words long will not only help you memorise words better but also retrieve them faster There is no benefit in knowing thousands of words when one canrsquot retrieve them when needed Here is one example to illustrate the power of context

the German word Bank (f) ❶ is a so-called homograph It could mean either bench or bank (ie the institution dealing with money) or even river bank or reef While you might eventually have to learn several meanings of Bank you donrsquot have to do so at once If you read the two sentences

Er geht in den Park und setzt sich auf eine Bank He goes into the park and sits himself onto a bench ❷

Hans arbeitet bei einer Bank Hans works at a bank

You would very easily be able to figure out which meaning of Bank you are dealing with even if you didnrsquot have any translation at hand the words raquoParklaquo and raquosetzt sichlaquo would pro-vide sufficient context to figure out that Bank in this context means bench You would also have associated the new word with a little background story Suitable chunks might be

sich auf eine Bank setzenbei einer Bank arbeiten

Or Heidi setzt sich auf eine BankPeter arbeitet bei einer Bank

It might seem that you have to learn more words than with the classical wordlist approach but the additional information actually helps you recall it much more easily and quickly when needed

1 I usually use a literal word-by-

word translation to illustrate the German sentence structure That might sound strange to you but it is exactly what you will have to deal with when learning German which most likely has a different sentence structure than your native language

2 You will come across (m) (n) (f)

(pl) quite often in this book Those refer to the gender of nouns and to the (pl)ural The genders in German are (m)asculine (f)eminine (n)euter

12 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS rarr 2 LEARN RELEVANT INFORMATION ONLY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

ein schweizer Bauer a Swiss farmer

hat einen Schatz gefunden (has) found a treasure

roumlmische Muumlnzen Roman coins

der 83-jaumlhrige the 83-year-old

das historische Geld the historical money

zwischen den Obstbaumlumen der Familie between the fruit trees of the family

im Dorf Ueken in the village of Ueken

zwischen Basel und Zurich between Basel and Zurich

2 Learn Relevant Information Only

The more relevant something is the better we learn it Learning just any word that you come across is not really efficient My approach of organising your learning with help of a learning cycle makes the vocabulary you learn 100 relevant because you will use all of it already in the other steps of the cycle

While there are about rarr a thousand words that everyone should know you can basically learn the vocabulary you need right from the beginning If you are an engi-neer a pilot a waiter an artist etc there is no law against studying words that are relevant for your field of interest from day one

Do not use paper flash cards for vocabulary learning They do not provide sufficient context are usually used wrongly and are a colossal waste of your precious lifetime

3 Recommended tools

I do not recommend using any external vocabulary trainers but if you canrsquot help yourself yoursquoll find two of the most popular apps below Before deciding hear why I donrsquot like them

Vocabulary trainers usually train vocabulary in a very mechanical and isolated way While the idea to use technology to time your repetitions of the words you have not yet fully learned is appealing yoursquod still be learning isolated words I have also experimented with creating courses in Memrise (see below) that contained chunks instead of individual words but it turned out that my clients quite soon after having started to learn German invested way too much time in their vocabulary training with these apps And it stressed them out a lot It doesnrsquot make sense to invest up to 60 minutes in trying to memorise words out of context

13 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 4 MEMRISE rarr 5 ALTERNATIVES TO MEMRISE

The approach I describe in this book is far more natural and satisfying Give it try for two weeks and yoursquoll see for yourself that your vocabulary is growing and that you donrsquot feel like you have to hammer any words into your brain If you donrsquot yet trust my experience with over 250 individual learners over the last four years simply try those apps below and remember my words when you realise that you have just spent an hour mostly reviewing vocabulary

4 Memrise

rarr Memrise is a vocabulary training app free of charge Unfortunately most courses created on memrise lack an understanding of learning psychology The problem is that almost all of them offer you a random set of isolated words

The app is self-explanatory but contains a few hidden features that you should look out for Create an account and then try to figure out the following points to become familiar with all its lovely features

1emsp How do you ignore a word that you already know by heart (desktop version only)2emspHow do you download a course (mobile only)3emsp How do you change the amount of vocabulary that is being learned or reviewed

(check the settings on the desktop version)4emspHow do you create your own mem ❸ (desktop only)5emspHow do you enter the German umlauts (auml ouml uuml) and the szlig

You can easily create your own vocabulary course on memrise Make sure to rarr check out this video of mine which will show you how to create your own vocab-ulary course quickly for any German text you want to work with

The Premium version of memrise adds a few more functions that I have not found to be worth the money Memrise itself has certainly earned your support so you might opt in for the Premium package nevertheless simply to support their hard work

5 Alternatives to Memrise

rarr The app Anki might be an alternative to memrise Give them a try but be aware that the creation of your own vocabulary courses with Anki might not be as quick as with memrise I also found ANKI to be far too detailed for the average user ANKIrsquos great for foreign scripts like Chinese or Korean but it costs 2499euro for the iOS ver-sion while the Android version is free of charge

3 mems are word associations I

explain this technique in detail in my German grammar course but Memrise also guides you through the men-creati-on process

14 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 6 USE AN ONLINE DICTIONARY rarr 7 ANALYTICAL READING FOR GERMAN LEARNERS rarr 8 READLANG

6 Use an Online Dictionary

If the material you use is well crafted you often wonrsquot really need a dictionary in the beginning Of course as soon as you progress with your German you will come across words in the outside world and want to look them up

Here are four dictionaries that I use regularly

google translate dictcc leoorg lingueecom

They are also available for most smartphones and at times even enable you to down-load the dictionary for offline use

7 Analytical Reading for German Learners

I have created a reading course for German learners rarr ldquoLearn to Read Germanrdquo comes with audio in two speeds It also contains 54 videos in which I analyse each sentence of the book This is the closest you will ever get to passive learning as you will learn a lot about the German language if you follow my analysis and explanations attentively

8 Readlang

There is one alternative vocabulary app which I found quite helpful rarr Readlang Readying automatically creates relevant vocabulary courses and even allows you to upload your own German texts ❹ But you can also read news sites with the brows-er add-on which is pretty neat

9 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes

Books that are used in group courses at language schools are not suitable for self-study (nor are they of much use in a group)They are made for hundreds of thousands of students and usually are so generic and politically correct that you want to gouge your eyes out They also are usually monolingual meaning that they are written in German only So you will not really understand what is written there without the massive help of your dictionary

4 Copyright Warning Uploaded texts will

be visible for all users of Readlang and therefore there might be a copyright infringement Using illegally uploaded texts is also not legal but might not have legal ramifications A good rule of thumb when it comes to copyright is that if you had to pay for the information elsewhere it is rather unlikely that Readlang or its users have the permission to offer it for free

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 11: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

11 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS

Step 1emsp Learn Vocabulary rarr

1 Context amp Chunks

There is no way around learning vocabulary and itrsquos one of the most challenging tasks when learning any language but does this complaint seem familiar to you raquoI understand every word of that sentence but canrsquot put them together so that they make senselaquo This is a typical experience for those who learn isolated vocabulary

The best way to learn new words is to learn them in the context of a text which is why I combine this step with the next one called Reading

rarr Chunks that are 2ndash4 words long will not only help you memorise words better but also retrieve them faster There is no benefit in knowing thousands of words when one canrsquot retrieve them when needed Here is one example to illustrate the power of context

the German word Bank (f) ❶ is a so-called homograph It could mean either bench or bank (ie the institution dealing with money) or even river bank or reef While you might eventually have to learn several meanings of Bank you donrsquot have to do so at once If you read the two sentences

Er geht in den Park und setzt sich auf eine Bank He goes into the park and sits himself onto a bench ❷

Hans arbeitet bei einer Bank Hans works at a bank

You would very easily be able to figure out which meaning of Bank you are dealing with even if you didnrsquot have any translation at hand the words raquoParklaquo and raquosetzt sichlaquo would pro-vide sufficient context to figure out that Bank in this context means bench You would also have associated the new word with a little background story Suitable chunks might be

sich auf eine Bank setzenbei einer Bank arbeiten

Or Heidi setzt sich auf eine BankPeter arbeitet bei einer Bank

It might seem that you have to learn more words than with the classical wordlist approach but the additional information actually helps you recall it much more easily and quickly when needed

1 I usually use a literal word-by-

word translation to illustrate the German sentence structure That might sound strange to you but it is exactly what you will have to deal with when learning German which most likely has a different sentence structure than your native language

2 You will come across (m) (n) (f)

(pl) quite often in this book Those refer to the gender of nouns and to the (pl)ural The genders in German are (m)asculine (f)eminine (n)euter

12 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS rarr 2 LEARN RELEVANT INFORMATION ONLY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

ein schweizer Bauer a Swiss farmer

hat einen Schatz gefunden (has) found a treasure

roumlmische Muumlnzen Roman coins

der 83-jaumlhrige the 83-year-old

das historische Geld the historical money

zwischen den Obstbaumlumen der Familie between the fruit trees of the family

im Dorf Ueken in the village of Ueken

zwischen Basel und Zurich between Basel and Zurich

2 Learn Relevant Information Only

The more relevant something is the better we learn it Learning just any word that you come across is not really efficient My approach of organising your learning with help of a learning cycle makes the vocabulary you learn 100 relevant because you will use all of it already in the other steps of the cycle

While there are about rarr a thousand words that everyone should know you can basically learn the vocabulary you need right from the beginning If you are an engi-neer a pilot a waiter an artist etc there is no law against studying words that are relevant for your field of interest from day one

Do not use paper flash cards for vocabulary learning They do not provide sufficient context are usually used wrongly and are a colossal waste of your precious lifetime

3 Recommended tools

I do not recommend using any external vocabulary trainers but if you canrsquot help yourself yoursquoll find two of the most popular apps below Before deciding hear why I donrsquot like them

Vocabulary trainers usually train vocabulary in a very mechanical and isolated way While the idea to use technology to time your repetitions of the words you have not yet fully learned is appealing yoursquod still be learning isolated words I have also experimented with creating courses in Memrise (see below) that contained chunks instead of individual words but it turned out that my clients quite soon after having started to learn German invested way too much time in their vocabulary training with these apps And it stressed them out a lot It doesnrsquot make sense to invest up to 60 minutes in trying to memorise words out of context

13 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 4 MEMRISE rarr 5 ALTERNATIVES TO MEMRISE

The approach I describe in this book is far more natural and satisfying Give it try for two weeks and yoursquoll see for yourself that your vocabulary is growing and that you donrsquot feel like you have to hammer any words into your brain If you donrsquot yet trust my experience with over 250 individual learners over the last four years simply try those apps below and remember my words when you realise that you have just spent an hour mostly reviewing vocabulary

4 Memrise

rarr Memrise is a vocabulary training app free of charge Unfortunately most courses created on memrise lack an understanding of learning psychology The problem is that almost all of them offer you a random set of isolated words

The app is self-explanatory but contains a few hidden features that you should look out for Create an account and then try to figure out the following points to become familiar with all its lovely features

1emsp How do you ignore a word that you already know by heart (desktop version only)2emspHow do you download a course (mobile only)3emsp How do you change the amount of vocabulary that is being learned or reviewed

(check the settings on the desktop version)4emspHow do you create your own mem ❸ (desktop only)5emspHow do you enter the German umlauts (auml ouml uuml) and the szlig

You can easily create your own vocabulary course on memrise Make sure to rarr check out this video of mine which will show you how to create your own vocab-ulary course quickly for any German text you want to work with

The Premium version of memrise adds a few more functions that I have not found to be worth the money Memrise itself has certainly earned your support so you might opt in for the Premium package nevertheless simply to support their hard work

5 Alternatives to Memrise

rarr The app Anki might be an alternative to memrise Give them a try but be aware that the creation of your own vocabulary courses with Anki might not be as quick as with memrise I also found ANKI to be far too detailed for the average user ANKIrsquos great for foreign scripts like Chinese or Korean but it costs 2499euro for the iOS ver-sion while the Android version is free of charge

3 mems are word associations I

explain this technique in detail in my German grammar course but Memrise also guides you through the men-creati-on process

14 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 6 USE AN ONLINE DICTIONARY rarr 7 ANALYTICAL READING FOR GERMAN LEARNERS rarr 8 READLANG

6 Use an Online Dictionary

If the material you use is well crafted you often wonrsquot really need a dictionary in the beginning Of course as soon as you progress with your German you will come across words in the outside world and want to look them up

Here are four dictionaries that I use regularly

google translate dictcc leoorg lingueecom

They are also available for most smartphones and at times even enable you to down-load the dictionary for offline use

7 Analytical Reading for German Learners

I have created a reading course for German learners rarr ldquoLearn to Read Germanrdquo comes with audio in two speeds It also contains 54 videos in which I analyse each sentence of the book This is the closest you will ever get to passive learning as you will learn a lot about the German language if you follow my analysis and explanations attentively

8 Readlang

There is one alternative vocabulary app which I found quite helpful rarr Readlang Readying automatically creates relevant vocabulary courses and even allows you to upload your own German texts ❹ But you can also read news sites with the brows-er add-on which is pretty neat

9 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes

Books that are used in group courses at language schools are not suitable for self-study (nor are they of much use in a group)They are made for hundreds of thousands of students and usually are so generic and politically correct that you want to gouge your eyes out They also are usually monolingual meaning that they are written in German only So you will not really understand what is written there without the massive help of your dictionary

4 Copyright Warning Uploaded texts will

be visible for all users of Readlang and therefore there might be a copyright infringement Using illegally uploaded texts is also not legal but might not have legal ramifications A good rule of thumb when it comes to copyright is that if you had to pay for the information elsewhere it is rather unlikely that Readlang or its users have the permission to offer it for free

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 12: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

12 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 1 CONTEXT amp CHUNKS rarr 2 LEARN RELEVANT INFORMATION ONLY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

ein schweizer Bauer a Swiss farmer

hat einen Schatz gefunden (has) found a treasure

roumlmische Muumlnzen Roman coins

der 83-jaumlhrige the 83-year-old

das historische Geld the historical money

zwischen den Obstbaumlumen der Familie between the fruit trees of the family

im Dorf Ueken in the village of Ueken

zwischen Basel und Zurich between Basel and Zurich

2 Learn Relevant Information Only

The more relevant something is the better we learn it Learning just any word that you come across is not really efficient My approach of organising your learning with help of a learning cycle makes the vocabulary you learn 100 relevant because you will use all of it already in the other steps of the cycle

While there are about rarr a thousand words that everyone should know you can basically learn the vocabulary you need right from the beginning If you are an engi-neer a pilot a waiter an artist etc there is no law against studying words that are relevant for your field of interest from day one

Do not use paper flash cards for vocabulary learning They do not provide sufficient context are usually used wrongly and are a colossal waste of your precious lifetime

3 Recommended tools

I do not recommend using any external vocabulary trainers but if you canrsquot help yourself yoursquoll find two of the most popular apps below Before deciding hear why I donrsquot like them

Vocabulary trainers usually train vocabulary in a very mechanical and isolated way While the idea to use technology to time your repetitions of the words you have not yet fully learned is appealing yoursquod still be learning isolated words I have also experimented with creating courses in Memrise (see below) that contained chunks instead of individual words but it turned out that my clients quite soon after having started to learn German invested way too much time in their vocabulary training with these apps And it stressed them out a lot It doesnrsquot make sense to invest up to 60 minutes in trying to memorise words out of context

13 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 4 MEMRISE rarr 5 ALTERNATIVES TO MEMRISE

The approach I describe in this book is far more natural and satisfying Give it try for two weeks and yoursquoll see for yourself that your vocabulary is growing and that you donrsquot feel like you have to hammer any words into your brain If you donrsquot yet trust my experience with over 250 individual learners over the last four years simply try those apps below and remember my words when you realise that you have just spent an hour mostly reviewing vocabulary

4 Memrise

rarr Memrise is a vocabulary training app free of charge Unfortunately most courses created on memrise lack an understanding of learning psychology The problem is that almost all of them offer you a random set of isolated words

The app is self-explanatory but contains a few hidden features that you should look out for Create an account and then try to figure out the following points to become familiar with all its lovely features

1emsp How do you ignore a word that you already know by heart (desktop version only)2emspHow do you download a course (mobile only)3emsp How do you change the amount of vocabulary that is being learned or reviewed

(check the settings on the desktop version)4emspHow do you create your own mem ❸ (desktop only)5emspHow do you enter the German umlauts (auml ouml uuml) and the szlig

You can easily create your own vocabulary course on memrise Make sure to rarr check out this video of mine which will show you how to create your own vocab-ulary course quickly for any German text you want to work with

The Premium version of memrise adds a few more functions that I have not found to be worth the money Memrise itself has certainly earned your support so you might opt in for the Premium package nevertheless simply to support their hard work

5 Alternatives to Memrise

rarr The app Anki might be an alternative to memrise Give them a try but be aware that the creation of your own vocabulary courses with Anki might not be as quick as with memrise I also found ANKI to be far too detailed for the average user ANKIrsquos great for foreign scripts like Chinese or Korean but it costs 2499euro for the iOS ver-sion while the Android version is free of charge

3 mems are word associations I

explain this technique in detail in my German grammar course but Memrise also guides you through the men-creati-on process

14 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 6 USE AN ONLINE DICTIONARY rarr 7 ANALYTICAL READING FOR GERMAN LEARNERS rarr 8 READLANG

6 Use an Online Dictionary

If the material you use is well crafted you often wonrsquot really need a dictionary in the beginning Of course as soon as you progress with your German you will come across words in the outside world and want to look them up

Here are four dictionaries that I use regularly

google translate dictcc leoorg lingueecom

They are also available for most smartphones and at times even enable you to down-load the dictionary for offline use

7 Analytical Reading for German Learners

I have created a reading course for German learners rarr ldquoLearn to Read Germanrdquo comes with audio in two speeds It also contains 54 videos in which I analyse each sentence of the book This is the closest you will ever get to passive learning as you will learn a lot about the German language if you follow my analysis and explanations attentively

8 Readlang

There is one alternative vocabulary app which I found quite helpful rarr Readlang Readying automatically creates relevant vocabulary courses and even allows you to upload your own German texts ❹ But you can also read news sites with the brows-er add-on which is pretty neat

9 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes

Books that are used in group courses at language schools are not suitable for self-study (nor are they of much use in a group)They are made for hundreds of thousands of students and usually are so generic and politically correct that you want to gouge your eyes out They also are usually monolingual meaning that they are written in German only So you will not really understand what is written there without the massive help of your dictionary

4 Copyright Warning Uploaded texts will

be visible for all users of Readlang and therefore there might be a copyright infringement Using illegally uploaded texts is also not legal but might not have legal ramifications A good rule of thumb when it comes to copyright is that if you had to pay for the information elsewhere it is rather unlikely that Readlang or its users have the permission to offer it for free

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 13: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

13 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 3 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 4 MEMRISE rarr 5 ALTERNATIVES TO MEMRISE

The approach I describe in this book is far more natural and satisfying Give it try for two weeks and yoursquoll see for yourself that your vocabulary is growing and that you donrsquot feel like you have to hammer any words into your brain If you donrsquot yet trust my experience with over 250 individual learners over the last four years simply try those apps below and remember my words when you realise that you have just spent an hour mostly reviewing vocabulary

4 Memrise

rarr Memrise is a vocabulary training app free of charge Unfortunately most courses created on memrise lack an understanding of learning psychology The problem is that almost all of them offer you a random set of isolated words

The app is self-explanatory but contains a few hidden features that you should look out for Create an account and then try to figure out the following points to become familiar with all its lovely features

1emsp How do you ignore a word that you already know by heart (desktop version only)2emspHow do you download a course (mobile only)3emsp How do you change the amount of vocabulary that is being learned or reviewed

(check the settings on the desktop version)4emspHow do you create your own mem ❸ (desktop only)5emspHow do you enter the German umlauts (auml ouml uuml) and the szlig

You can easily create your own vocabulary course on memrise Make sure to rarr check out this video of mine which will show you how to create your own vocab-ulary course quickly for any German text you want to work with

The Premium version of memrise adds a few more functions that I have not found to be worth the money Memrise itself has certainly earned your support so you might opt in for the Premium package nevertheless simply to support their hard work

5 Alternatives to Memrise

rarr The app Anki might be an alternative to memrise Give them a try but be aware that the creation of your own vocabulary courses with Anki might not be as quick as with memrise I also found ANKI to be far too detailed for the average user ANKIrsquos great for foreign scripts like Chinese or Korean but it costs 2499euro for the iOS ver-sion while the Android version is free of charge

3 mems are word associations I

explain this technique in detail in my German grammar course but Memrise also guides you through the men-creati-on process

14 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 6 USE AN ONLINE DICTIONARY rarr 7 ANALYTICAL READING FOR GERMAN LEARNERS rarr 8 READLANG

6 Use an Online Dictionary

If the material you use is well crafted you often wonrsquot really need a dictionary in the beginning Of course as soon as you progress with your German you will come across words in the outside world and want to look them up

Here are four dictionaries that I use regularly

google translate dictcc leoorg lingueecom

They are also available for most smartphones and at times even enable you to down-load the dictionary for offline use

7 Analytical Reading for German Learners

I have created a reading course for German learners rarr ldquoLearn to Read Germanrdquo comes with audio in two speeds It also contains 54 videos in which I analyse each sentence of the book This is the closest you will ever get to passive learning as you will learn a lot about the German language if you follow my analysis and explanations attentively

8 Readlang

There is one alternative vocabulary app which I found quite helpful rarr Readlang Readying automatically creates relevant vocabulary courses and even allows you to upload your own German texts ❹ But you can also read news sites with the brows-er add-on which is pretty neat

9 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes

Books that are used in group courses at language schools are not suitable for self-study (nor are they of much use in a group)They are made for hundreds of thousands of students and usually are so generic and politically correct that you want to gouge your eyes out They also are usually monolingual meaning that they are written in German only So you will not really understand what is written there without the massive help of your dictionary

4 Copyright Warning Uploaded texts will

be visible for all users of Readlang and therefore there might be a copyright infringement Using illegally uploaded texts is also not legal but might not have legal ramifications A good rule of thumb when it comes to copyright is that if you had to pay for the information elsewhere it is rather unlikely that Readlang or its users have the permission to offer it for free

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 14: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

14 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 6 USE AN ONLINE DICTIONARY rarr 7 ANALYTICAL READING FOR GERMAN LEARNERS rarr 8 READLANG

6 Use an Online Dictionary

If the material you use is well crafted you often wonrsquot really need a dictionary in the beginning Of course as soon as you progress with your German you will come across words in the outside world and want to look them up

Here are four dictionaries that I use regularly

google translate dictcc leoorg lingueecom

They are also available for most smartphones and at times even enable you to down-load the dictionary for offline use

7 Analytical Reading for German Learners

I have created a reading course for German learners rarr ldquoLearn to Read Germanrdquo comes with audio in two speeds It also contains 54 videos in which I analyse each sentence of the book This is the closest you will ever get to passive learning as you will learn a lot about the German language if you follow my analysis and explanations attentively

8 Readlang

There is one alternative vocabulary app which I found quite helpful rarr Readlang Readying automatically creates relevant vocabulary courses and even allows you to upload your own German texts ❹ But you can also read news sites with the brows-er add-on which is pretty neat

9 Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes

Books that are used in group courses at language schools are not suitable for self-study (nor are they of much use in a group)They are made for hundreds of thousands of students and usually are so generic and politically correct that you want to gouge your eyes out They also are usually monolingual meaning that they are written in German only So you will not really understand what is written there without the massive help of your dictionary

4 Copyright Warning Uploaded texts will

be visible for all users of Readlang and therefore there might be a copyright infringement Using illegally uploaded texts is also not legal but might not have legal ramifications A good rule of thumb when it comes to copyright is that if you had to pay for the information elsewhere it is rather unlikely that Readlang or its users have the permission to offer it for free

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 15: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

15 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 9 DONrsquoT USE BOOKS FROM YOUR GERMAN CLASSES rarr 10 DONrsquoT READ THE NEWS amp STAY AWAY FROM CHILDRENrsquoS BOOKS rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST

The worst is that such books are not authentic and therefore they have some weird feel to them They also never really come with instructions on how to study German on your own You usually have to rely on a tutor and a group to make at least some use of them If your book doesnrsquot include an answer key throw it away as you will always depend on your teacher to provide you with the correct answer and you canrsquot even do your homework with them efficiently

10 Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books

Besides being mostly depressing these days news-German is quite different from spoken German Most vocabulary in new-articles is irrelevant to daily or even pro-fessional life Unless you want to become a journalist you are wasting precious time and make your German learning life much harder than necessary

Instead read short stories that contain a lot of dialog eg criminal stories of Sher-lock Holmes or works by Agatha Christie who have been translated into German or read love-stories if you are into that

There are two kinds of childrenrsquos books those written for very young children and those which are far too difficult for any language learner below B2 level The simple ones are an insult to most adultsrsquo intellects and will provide you only with very little input Should you have to purchase these books you might end up paying a fortune to be exposed to a reasonable amount of useful vocabulary The grammar will also be rather simple and not get you far The good childrenrsquos books are very lovely I can at the very least happily recommend raquoDie Kleine Hexelaquo raquoKrabatlaquo and actually anything by Ottfried Preuszligler Michael Ende Astrid Lindgren and Erich Kaumlstner But the words and grammatical structures used in these books are far beyond anything that a beginning German learner should be exposed to They use a lot of Praumlteritum (thatrsquos something similar to the Simple Past in English) which you would never really use in spoken German language Starting with such books could rather harm your motivation because it would likely bore or frustrate you quickly forcing you to look up many words in your dictionary Postpone reading such books until you have finished B2 level

11 Your Personal Blacklist

You will come across words that simply wonrsquot stick in your memory no matter how often you seem to look them up in your dictionary For these words I recommend that you create blacklist

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 16: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

16 STEP 1emspLEARN VOCABULARY rarr 11 YOUR PERSONAL BLACKLIST rarr 12 A POWERFUL MNEMONIC TOOL

On that blacklist write these difficult words ideally in a useful chunk or phrase and maybe with a quick note citing the text you came across it (TEXT TITLE PAGE)

Once your blacklist has a few entries you may choose to apply the rarr key-word technique (see also next chapter Mnemonic Tools )

Simply sit down somewhere uncomfortable and tell yourself that you wonrsquot get up until you have mastered at least 10 of the nasty words on that list

You can also quickly go through the list every night before falling asleep Always try to remember the text where you first discovered blacklisted words in Your brain will continue to work on this information while you are sound asleep

12 A Powerful Mnemonic Tool

Vocabulary is very abstract information Mnemonic tools are the perfect tool for this kind of task There is a very powerful but also very dangerous memory tech-nique called the rarr key-word technique that you should use only for words on your blacklist All other vocabulary you should learn with the help of the learning cycle

The key-word technique is ldquodangerousrdquo in the sense that it encourages the learning of isolated words which leads to a less ldquonaturalrdquo ❺ language acquisition You would be able to memorize many words with the help of this Technique but you will en-counter problems trying to retrieve them quickly

Ideally you use the key-word technique only for words that you have difficulties remembering or whenever an association comes quickly For a more detailed ex-planation of this tool with exercises see above the video and my rarr A1-B1 German Grammar Course

The app Memrise encourages users to create so-called mems To create mems you have to apply the key-word technique

5 Be careful whenever

someone uses the term ldquonaturalrdquo with language learning Usually what they mean is that you are not supposed to use your mother tongue when learning a new language That idea was debunked by scientists long ago For further information read rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 17: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

17 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Step 2emsp Read Texts rarr

Reading is the most efficient way to get to know a new language and to learn vo-cabulary You can take all the time you need to work through your text It is easy to recognise similarities to your mother tongue (if any) and to discover recurring patterns

1 How to read in German

1 Quickly browse through the text and highlight any word that you donrsquot under-stand quickly Do not read for understanding Consider this to be a purely tech-nical task Use a bright color to visualise your knowledge (or lack thereof) and do not use either a pencil or a ballpoint pen The example below illustrates the difference

2 Stop reading once you have highlighted approximately 9thinspndashthinsp12 words Because your short-term memory can deal with only a limited amount of information at a given time the fewer words you highlight and master at a time the better

Simone sagt zu Thorsten dass sie uumlber sein Angebot nachdenkt

Zuerst muss sie ins Archiv alte Arti kel mit dem aktuellen Fall verglei-

chen Vielleicht hat sie Gluumlck und fi ndet relevante Informati onen die

den aktuellen Fall betreff en Sie setzt sich an einen Tisch mit Compu-

ter ndash bis zum Jahr 1995 sind alle Arti kel digitalisiert Nach und nach

gibt sie die unterschiedlichen Namen der Personen ein die etwas mit

dem Fall zu tun haben Blumfeld Schmalbach und Steinbrech so hieszlig

die alte Frau ndash nichts auszliger einem Bericht uumlber ein staumldti sches Gar-

tenprojekt an dem Klaus Blumfeld als Gaumlrtner mitgearbeitet hat Da-

nach versucht sie es mit dem Namen der Straszlige in der die Villa steht

ndash auch nichts bdquoVerdammtldquo grummelt Simone Die aumllteren Jahrgaumlnge

sind nur auf Microfi lm archiviert Jetzt muss sie Schritt fuumlr Schritt je-

den Regional-Teil durchsehen

Nach einigen Stunden schaut sie auf die Uhr Zehn nach Acht Es

ist schon spaumlt Simone faumlllt es inzwischen schwer sich zu konzentrie-

ren Sie hat nichts gefunden Fuumlr heute will sie die Arbeit beenden

Gerade als sie das Microfi lm-Geraumlt ausschalten will faumlllt ihr Blick auf

die letzte geoumlff nete Seite Ein Arti kel uumlber einen Defekt bei einem

Chemie-Werk mit einem groszligen Foto bdquoDas Gesicht kenne ich dochldquo

murmelt Simone

1

Simone says to Thorsten that she about his off er refl ects First

must she in(to)-the archive old arti cles with the current case com-

pare Maybe has she luck and fi nds relevant informati ons that the

current case concern She sits herself at a table with computer - unti l

to-the year 1995 are all arti cles digitalized Step-by-step enters she

the diff erent names of-the persons that something with the case to

do have Blumfeld Schmalbach and Steinbrech like-this was-called the

old woman - nothing except a report about an urban gardenproject at

which Klaus Blumfeld as gardener cooperated has Aft er-that tries she

it with the name of-the street in which the villa stands - also nothing

bdquoDamnldquo grumbles Simone The older years are only on microfi lm ar-

chived Now must she stepy for step every regional part look-through

Aft er a-few hours looks she on(to) the clock ten past eight It is

already late Simone has-diffi culti es herself to concentrate She has

nothing found hellip For today wants she the work fi nish Just as she the

microfi lm-machine turn-off wants falls her gaze upon the last opened

page An arti cle about a defect at a chemical factory with a big picture

bdquoThat face know I doch hellipldquo mumbles Simone

1

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
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Page 18: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

4 Make a list of all highlighted wordsrarrthinsp 1 Enter or copy your list of new words into rarr translategooglecom Google will then quickly translate all words into your na-tive language and provide you with the necessary genders Copy the translations and genders into your vocabulary notebook Always instantly learn the gender of nouns as you come across them It takes only two minutes but will make a huge difference when it comes to the quality of your German If you are looking for a lovely technique on how to learn the German genders rarrthinspwatch this video or get my app (coming March 2017) that will help you to learn the gender of 2000 Ger-man nouns quickly

5 Read the text for understanding Never aim at 100 understanding 50 might be enough if you are a beginner As you continue to work with my cycle yoursquoll get more and more familiar with the text rarrthinsp 2

6 Read the text again but this time listen to the audio that came with your text while you read along with the text You can refer to your vocabulary list when you need it Pause the audio as often as you like to give your brain a chance to process the new information Repeat this step once or twice as you like

7 Review old texts regularly eg at the weekends You will notice a significant pro-gress after just one week

18 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 1 HOW TO READ IN GERMAN

Do not look up words in this step It would break your workflow and would make your reading a far more frustrating experience than necessary

1 You can create that list in a vocabulary

notebook or in an Excel spreadsheet The advantage of the notebook would be that you could refer to it easily while reading your text

2 Please Do not write any translation into the text

itself It would retard your learning significantly Your mindrsquos eye would always bypass the German word and use the English one

Angebot off er Ich mache Dir ein Angebot

Ich lese die aktuellen Nachrichten

Er fi ndet immer relevante Informati onen

aktuellen current

fi ndet relevante fi nds relevant

Fall case

unterschiedlichen diff erent

staumldti sches urban

Verdammt Damn

Jahrgaumlnge years

Regional-Teil regional part

Deutsch Englisch Sample

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 19: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

19 STEP 2emspREAD TEXTS rarr 2 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Recommended Tools

Get Texts with AudioThe best source for words are texts with audio recordings If you are a German learner take a look at my course rarr ldquoLearn to Read German Quicklyrdquo which will provide you with an interesting detective story with audio recordings in two speeds (slow and normal) a challenging exercise book and a 54 videos in which I analyse every line of that book in very comprehensible English It will help you read German texts of any kind

There are so-called easy readers for German out there which make it easier for you to get into the German language But whatever you read make sure it comes with audio as otherwise yoursquod be wasting a lot of potential

3 The idea behind this step

ReadingVocabulary is best learned and used in context Books provide us with context Many situations in literature are predictably familiar and rely on our experience Books are patient mobile and can be used almost infinitely Words can be under-stood more easily due to the given context and their probable similarity to English

The written word is also a visual aid that should not be underestimated Very often when I try to remember a word I imagine how it is spelledwritten and I have met many others who do this

Listening while ReadingWhenever we read we pronounce those words in our mindsSpeed readers learn how to deactivate this inner pronunciation but learning Ger-man is not about becoming a speed reader You are very likely to pronounce all German words you read with a strong accent

Listening while reading along will improve your inner pronunciationYou will also be able to recognize words you hear in a conversation at one point and yoursquoll be able to write them correctly rarr 1 1 Not only will you

expose your brain to proper German intonation and pronunciation but you will also learn how to read better Listening while reading along will improve your inner and outer accents

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 20: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

20 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 3 A Write what you Hear rarr

Dictation is a very powerful learning tool It trains almost all skills you need for Ger-man learning listening reading writing grammar and making assumptions about what is being said

1 How it is done

Overwiev1 Listen to 2ndash3 sentences Pause at will Write down what you have heard from

memory2 Do not rewind Listen one more time and fill in gaps and correct mistakes in your

text3 Compare your writing with the original text and highlight all mistakes Do not

correct anything here4 Analyse your mistakes Try to understand what you have misunderstood 5 Hide the original text and your first writing and write the same sentences again

the same way you did the first time (Repeat steps 01ndash04)6 Write the text a third time after a break of several hours

Detailed Process Description1 If you are a beginner pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text If you are an advanced

learner you can pick 7ndash9 sentences Less is more2 Aemsp Listen to a sentence or part of a sentence depending on how many words you

can keep in your short-term memoryBemspPause the audio then write what you have just heardCemsp Do not write while you are listening If you do not understand a word leave a

visible gap Do not rewind the audio That would disturb your work ow mas-sively

Demsp You will listen to the audio one more time later 3 At the end listen to the same sentences once again Fill in the gaps and correct

any mistakes in your text that you hear4 Put the original text in front of you and compare it to the words you have written

down 5 Do not correct anything anymore Simply highlight your mistakes so that your

performance becomes instantly visible No mistake is too tiny Incorrect capital-isation is especially a sacrilege for many Germans Therersquos no need to be gentle with yourself in a dictation but therersquos also no need to beat yourself up if your first version looks devastating You will improve significantly and rapidly if you stick to my approach

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 21: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

21 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

6 Write down the number of mistakes for later reference and comparison between all your writings

7 Look at your mistakes to try to understand what went wrong If a mistake is not clear put it into your grammar notebook to discuss it with your German tutor or on a rarr German language learnerrsquos forum Move on quickly even if you donrsquot get an answer to your question right away

8 Write the same sentences again immediately after step 79 Repeat steps 1ndash8 and again write the number of your mistakes below your dicta-

tion You will most likely have fewer mistakes than before At this point you can continue with Step 04 - grammar training

10 After a few hours write the same sentences again to sear it into your long-term memory

2 The ideas behind this step

You have already worked with the sentences of your dictation in the former steps of this cycle so some of the words you hear should sound familiar If you do not understand anything use rarrthinspThe Quicktime Player 7 from Apple or the rarrthinspVLC player which allows you to slow down the speed of the audio If this still doesnrsquot help simply repeat the pre-vious steps of this cycle A dictation requires and trains several skills of yours at once

ListeningYou need to listen very attentively in order not to miss even a nuance of what is being said rarrthinsp 1 While in real life you wonrsquot always have to listen to every detail at times they might be important eg it matters a lot whether someone says

Ich moumlchte einen heiszligen Tee or Ich moumlchte einen Eistee WritingMany German learners complain about their weak writing or not quite as weak spell-ing skills After a few dictations you will know how to spell many German words as your brain will have noticed recurring spelling patterns eg the letter combination ldquosprdquo is usually pronounced ldquoshprdquo as in ldquospielenrdquo to play rarr speak shpeelen

1 There will be sounds mainly word-endings

that you simply wonrsquot be able to hear no matter how much you try After the age of 16 most people lose the ability to distinguish sounds that do not exist in their native language

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 22: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

22 STEP 3 AemspWRITE WHAT YOU HEAR rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

ReadingWhat you write you will automatically read You will also listen to the audio again after writing and read along your freshly written lines Should you have any gaps in your first draft now is the time to fill them When reading along with the text while listening you will ldquohearrdquo missing words bet-ter because you can sometimes predict them thanks to their context

Grammar There are words spellings and endings that canrsquot be heard properly You have got to learn those by heart Your grammar skills will help you to ldquohearrdquo whether the speaker said ldquoIch habe den Mann informiertrdquo or ldquoIch habe dem Mann informiertrdquo (the first sentence is correct the second one not)

Step 3 B Oral Dictation rarrthinsp

The oral dictation trains your listening and pronunciation skills It prepares you for real conversations In a real conversation though you wonrsquot have to listen to every single word as you do here So your training will be a bit harder than necessary You donrsquot mind do you

1 How it is done

This tool is very similar to the written dictation cited above 1 Pick 2ndash3 sentences from your text that yoursquod like to understand better2 Listen to them one (part of a) sentence at a time3 Pause Then repeat what you have heard4 Repeat the same (part of a) sentence once or twice before playing the next one

Try to sound like the speaker Copy his his pitch his word and sentence rhythm5 Record yourself and () the original audio while you do the oral dictation 6 Listen to your recording and compare your pronunciation with that of the native

speaker from the audio Without this step this exercise is useless

2 The ideas behind this step

Targeted listening requires a lot of concentration which needs quite a lot of training While in real life you will rarely have to listen to every word of your conversation partners the oral dictation will help you distinguish individual words and sentences

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 23: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

23 STEP 3 BemspORAL DICTATION rarr 2 THE IDEAS BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

when you are listening to others It will also sharpen your senses for (your) correct or incorrect pronunciation By repeating every sentence three times you will not only remember it better but also get closer to sounding like a German

Step 4 Learn Some Grammar rarrthinsp

At times you need to give your brain a little break You donrsquot have to stop learning German but switching the topic to something quite different helps you stay moti-vated and lets your brain process the information that you just learned

My German grammar videos make a lovely ldquoPausenfuumlllerrdquo They are between 5ndash10 min-utes long and they are in English to make sure that yoursquoll understand everything clearly The videos come with an extensive handbook with intelligent exercises and an answer key

If you would like to practice your German grammar even more take a look at the rarr online exercises of the Schubert-Verlag

1 How it is done

Watch a video or read a chapter of your grammar material and work through the accompanying exercises of your grammar course When you check your answers try to understand what went wrong in case you made a mistake If you donrsquot understand why your answer is wrong write the task down and ask your conversation partner or tutor next time you see her

Write it down by all means You will not remember it otherwise

smarterGerman learnersrarrthinspIf you work with my video course do not just watch the videos That would be a waste of time as you would only cheat yourself into believing you have learned something when you havenrsquot Always test your understanding after watching or reading with the help of the exer-cises that come with the videosIf you need to learn something by heart learn it by heart thoroughly before moving on to a new topic otherwise you will end up with a lot of confusing half-information in your head

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 24: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

24 STEP 4emspLEARN SOME GRAMMAR rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 USEFUL TOOLS rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

2 Useful tools

rarrthinspThe smarterGerman grammar courseIt explains all relevant German grammar in clear English and teaches you extremely efficient memory techniques that will help you save a lot of time and stress in the long run Your German will also be more precise Irsquoll talk more about grammar and its importance later in this book

The smarterGerman irregular verbs appI have created an app (rarrthinspAndroid version and iOS version) that helps German learners master the German irregular verbs You can try it for free The full version costs around 299euro You could learn all important irregular German verbs in less than 3 hours

I donrsquot recommend apps like Duolingo Rosetta Stone Busuu or Babbel They are rather to be considered games which you may use to fill waiting times but you should not expect to make genuine progress with your German learning If you are interested in the particular reasons I have for this non-recommendation please read this article of mine

3 The idea behind this step

Grammar is a lovely time-saving tool It helps you make use of recurring patterns in German Instead of having to learn the plural of 3000 German nouns you can learn just two simple patterns once and yoursquoll have covered 2400 of them It will take you only one minute to learn the rule which you then can make use of for a lifetime

Therersquos no need to learn fancy grammatical terms or to be afraid of them You might not have to deal with more than 10 new words and I am certain that you can manage those

The grammar lesson will also distract you a bit from the reading text so that it can sink in a while before listening to it again in Step 6

Just watching videos or reading through the explanations of your grammar book wonrsquot be enough While you might understand certain aspects of the covered topic it is by reviewing the matter that you make it stick You could watch or read any explanation a hundred times and still might not be able to apply that information I strongly recommend that you work your way through a number of related exercises and of course this cycle after you have learned a new piece of grammar

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 25: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

25 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH)

Step 5 Preach

Basic Preaching rarr Advanced Preaching rarr

I call this step ldquopreachingrdquo because yoursquoll repeat certain grammatical structures until you and all those around you believe yourself It is basically a solid pattern drill with a gradual increase of difficulty

1 How it is done (Basic Approach)1 Choose nine items around you2 Translate them into German and write down their gender like this

(m) foremspmasculine (n) foremspneuter (f) foremspfeminine

3 Learn the genders properly () before moving on4 Write the first nine preaching sentences down and let a German native check

your sentences for mistakes Write like this Hund Ich sehe einen (grauen) Hund (m)

5 Write them on Post-its or flash cards like this Front emspHund larr no other information like gender or plural or anything Back emsp Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund6 Stick that post-it wherever () you like It doesnrsquot have to stick on a dog if it says ldquodogrdquo7 Whenever you pass by a Post-it stop for a few seconds read the trigger (here

Hund) and try to remember what you wrote on the back of that Post-it Always check your answer by looking at the back of the Post-it

8 Say the answer out loud in the following way This is very important as it pre-pares you for speaking with people

a) Ich sehe einen Hund b) Ich sehe einen kleinen Hund9 Just saying things out loud is not useful unless you record yourself Record all

nine sentences at once 10 Now listen to your recording and listen for mistakes You may look at the back of

your Post-its to control whether what you have said was correct Ideally yoursquoll have a German listening to your recordings every now and then to spot mistakes that might have slipped your attention

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 26: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

26 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE (BASIC APPROACH) rarr 2 ADVANCED APPROACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

11 Repeat these steps until you can say all sentences without mistake12 Once you remember all sentences well pick new words and switch to the ad-

vanced approach for this patternthinspthinsptopic13 As soon as you feel confident with the grammar or pattern that you have drilled

so far pick a new one

2 Advanced Approach

For every pattern that you preach you need to write down only the nine sentences which you practice until mastery After that you can work with trigger lists (see example below) and do not have to write down the answers anymore Other than that follow all steps from the Basic Approach Have your recordings checked by a German if possible If you donrsquot have a native German around an advanced German learner might do the job She should have finished at least the B2 level

3 List of possible preaching patterns in German

Many topics of German grammar are also found in other languages which makes it easier to compare German to your native language Pay attention to the similarities and differences between German and your native language

1 Accusative - indefinite articles Ich sehe einen (kleinen) Hund (m) larr you can easily use meinen or keinen Ich sehe eine (kleine) Katze (f) or ask questions Siehst duhellip Wo siehst Du Ich sehe ein- (kleines) Tier (n) einen kleinen Hund

2 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative Ich habe einen (kleinen) Hund gekauft larr regular past Hast du einen (kleinen) Hund gesehen larr irregular past Er hat keinen kleinen Hund gesehen

emsp(m)emspIch sitze auf einem kleinen Stuhl

emspemsp(n)emspDu sitzt auf meinem neuen

emspemsp(f)emspEr sitzt auf seiner neuen

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

Dativ + Location

emspStuhl

emspHandy

emspCouch

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 27: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

27 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

3 Regular amp Irregular Perfekt Past tense + Accusative + definite articles Ich habe den (kleinen) Hund gekauft Hast du die (kleine) Katze gesehen Er hat das kleine Tier gesehen

4 Perfekt Past with ldquoseinrdquo Ich bin nach Holland gefahren

5 Dative + Locations Ich sitze auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) Du sitzt auf meinem (neuen) Handy(n) Er sitzt auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f)

6 Dative + Locations + Perfekt Past larr always combine patterns carefully Ich habe auf einem (bequemen) Stuhl (m) gesessen Du hast auf meinem (neuen) Handy (n) gesessen Er hat auf seiner (neuen) Couch (f) gesessen Other Location-verbs are stehen rarr gestanden haumlngen rarr gehangen liegen rarr gelegen stecken rarr gesteckt

7 Dative + Time Nach einem Monat (m) fahre ich wieder nach Hause In einer Woche (f) fahre ich wieder nach Paris Seit einer Stunde (f) lese ich ein (gutes) Buch An einem schoumlnen Tag gehe ich spazieren

8 Dative + Time + Perfekt Past Nach einem Monat (m) bin ich zuruumlck gekommen Vor einem Jahr (n) bin ich in Paris gewesen An nur einem Tag habe ich 2 Kilo abgenommen

9 Plural indefinite Ich besitze viele (kleine) Tische (m) Hat dein Adventskalender auch viele (kleine) Tuumlren Nein er hat nur wenige (kleine Tuumlren) Hast du viele (kleine) Tuumlren geoumlffnet larr add Perfekt past

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 28: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

28 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN

10 Plural definite Ich liebe die (kleinen) Tuumlren (m) von meinem Adventskalender Hast du auch die (kleinen) Tuumlren (f) geoumlffnet Er hat nicht alle (kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet Sie hat keine kleinen) Tuumlren geoumlffnet

11 Konjunktiv II BASIC Ich wuumlrde gern nach Hause gehen Wuumlrdest Du gerne was essen Wo wuumlrdest Du gerne hinfahren

12 Konjunktiv II HABEN + SEIN Ich haumltte gern einen (schwarzen) Kaffee Waumlrst du gern eine (starke) Frau Ich waumlre nicht gern an deiner Stelle

13 Dependent clauses larr you might want to preach each emsp subordination on its own Weil ich keine Lust habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund hast Ich weiszlig nicht ob er einen kleinen Hund moumlchte Damit ich dich besser fressen kann

14 Dependent clauses + Perfekt Past Weil ich keine Lust gehabt habe Ich weiszlig dass du einen kleinen Hund gekauft hast Weiszligt du ob er einen kleinen Hund bekommen hat

15 Passive Ich werde (gerade) angerufen Wirst du (manchmal) angesprochen Dein Auto wird (gerade) abgeschleppt

16 Passive Praumlteritum (you can skip the Passive Perfekt until C1) Ich wurde gestern angerufen Wurdest Du schon Mal interviewt Wer wurde hier ermordet

17 Relative Clauses + Nominative Der Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 29: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

29 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 3 LIST OF POSSIBLE PREACHING PATTERNS IN GERMAN rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS

18 Relative Clauses + Nominative Advanced Kennst du den Mann der (m) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip larr keep it short Kennst du das Kind das (n) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip for now Kennst du die Frau die (f) in meinem Haus wohnt hellip Kennst du die Menschen die (pl) in meinem Haus wohnen hellip

19 Relative Clauses + Accusative Das ist der Mann den (m) ich liebe Das ist die Frau die (f) ich liebe Das ist das Auto das (n) ich fahre Das sind die Nachbarn die (m) ich gern hab

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

20 Relative Clauses + Dative Das ist der Mann dem (m) ich manchmal helfe Das ist das Auto dem (n) ich folge Das ist die Frau der (f) ich vertraue Das sind die Nachbarn denen (pl) ich nie guten Tag sage

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

21 Relative Clauses + Dative + preposition Das ist der Mann mit dem (m) ich zusammen lebe Das ist das Auto mit dem (n) ich fahre Das ist die Frau mit der (f) ich zusammen lebe Das sind die Nachbarn mit denen (pl) ich Urlaub mache

Slowly add the Perfekt past to it then the Konjunktiv II

4 Recommended tools

Get some Post-its or Flash CardsStart with 100 pieces That should do the job for most of your German learning ca-reer Use them only in the way that I described above for the Preaching Technique

If you use them to write vocabulary or grammatical information on them and then stick them to the respective items in your flat you are wasting your time and money See my chapter about how not to use flash cards or Post-its

You will need a voice recorder If you own a smartphone you will certainly have an app that allows you to record your voice You could also record yourself

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 30: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

30 STEP 5emspPREACH rarr 4 RECOMMENDED TOOLS rarr 5 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 6emspLISTEN

MessengersUse WhatsApp or any other messaging service to send your recordings to your Ger-man tutor so that she can listen to your recordings and provide you with feedback Keep those recordings under two minutes Then the listening will be more enjoyable for you and for your tutor

5 The idea behind this step

The words on the front of each Post-it serve as triggers for your memory With their help you should be able to remember the sentence on the back The writing on the Post-it is already part of learning the grammar On the front of the Post-it there must never be anything other than a single word or if the preaching is a bit more complex two words in their simplest unaltered form

bull no gender (not das Haus or Hause m but Haus) bull no plural (not Autos but Auto) bull no conjugation (not er kommt but kommen)

The reason behind this minimalism is simple reading is good to take in informa-tion but it is highly inefficient when it comes to learning something You need to strengthen what you have learned and at the same time train a recall mechanismReading doesnrsquot require you to recall much if anything at all ❶ and therefore does not count as learning when used as the only learning activity My trigger-approach is a bit more difficult in the beginning but many times more rewarding in the long run on all levels Try it for a week and you will understand and feel the benefit of this beautiful technique

Step 6 Listen rarrthinsp

Most German learners would like to have a conversation in German at one point but real life rarely provides us with ideal conditions for conversationsWe have to be able to understand others in a loud environment via the phone or Skype which often is far from optimal To be able to understand spoken German you must learn how to recognise relevant key words In the beginning everything sounds just like one big blur This step will help you fine-tune your listening skills The better you understand what others are saying the more secure you will feel with them and the greater the beneficial effect on your speaking skill

1 Please note that I am not saying one should

not read beautiful literature I come from the standpoint of efficient language learning

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 31: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

31 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 1 ACTIVE LISTENING rarr 2 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 4 PASSIVE LISTENING rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE

There are two kinds of listening Active and passive listening

1 Active Listening rarrthinsp

2 How it is doneSimply listen to the audio of the text that you have been working on in the steps before Pause frequently to let sink in what you have heard The second time you listen to the audio try to pause less frequently Feel free to listen several times and to look up an occasional word in your vocabulary notebook while listening just in case you need itListen until you feel you understand most of it when playing the audio in one piece Do not overdo it though Always remain aware of your exhaustion and frustration levels I will talk about this awareness in a later chapter

3 The idea behind this stepTo be able to recognise individual words you must at first ldquocogniseldquo them know them This step is what you have been preparing for with the help of the steps be-fore By the time you have reached this step you should be familiar with the mean-ing and the sounds of most words that you are listening to But take things easy Do not expect to be perfect too soon Understanding words that you donrsquot know yet remains a challenge and it will certainly take you a few months until you can com-fortably follow a conversation among Germans rarrthinsp 1

4 Passive Listening rarrthinspUnless you are a heart surgeon you will find plenty of occasions on which you are able to listen to some native German for a few minutes Those moments are pre-cious Here is how to make best use of them

5 How it is doneWhenever you are busy doing your chores or any activity that doesnrsquot require your full attention just listen to some German audio Listen to it at a low volume so that you can just recognise that you are listening to a German piece Ideally you listen to it 247 but of course it should not distract you nor annoy you So find your ideal balance between exposing your brain to the German language and staying sane I strongly recommend audio plays like the rarrthinspRadio Tatort as they create a a natural atmosphere as if you were listening in to the conversation of two Germans If you pick up a word or phrase from what you hear thatrsquos fine and a good sign but

1 It is crucial to pause after a certain amount

of input as your brain should have the opportunity to digest what it takes in If you donrsquot pause new information might disturb your memory trying to save just learned information and saving old information might prevent new information from sinking in

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 32: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

32 STEP 6emspLISTEN rarr 5 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 6 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP rarr 7 WHAT TO LISTEN TO rarr 8 THE ADVANCED LEARNING CYCLE

do not consciously try to understand anything of it For conscious learning you have the active listening step

6 The idea behind this stepSometimes people like or hate the sound of GermanThe reason for that is psychological To put it in simple words they are not used to it and what they donrsquot know makes them uncomfortable Because you have chosen to learn German you most likely like the sound of it already But already but it will still be hard to distinguish all these new words from each other in the beginning as you are simply not used to German sounds yet You need more exposure But before you book a flight to Germany behold You can get used to the sound of German with passive listening And it doesnrsquot require your attention at all rarrthinsp 2

7 What To Listen ToI do not recommend listening to the news in German or to audio books that are read by a single person The way news is spoken is rather unnatural and wonrsquot help you follow a conversation with among native Germans at all Their melody and intona-tion are very different Also the vocabulary is rather specific If you are interested in the German view on things that are happening in this world simply use Deutsche Wellersquos German news in English

Books read by a single person might do the job if that person is doing an outstanding job like the works of rarrthinspHarry Rowohlt (Pu der Baumlr) rarrthinspDirk Bach (Die 13frac12 Leben des Kaumlptrsquon Blaubaumlr) or rarrthinspMark Uwe Kling (Die Kaumlnguru Chroniken)

Movies will not do the job here as they are too cumbersome to work with and pro-vide too much help in the form of visuals In a conversation all you see will be your conversation partnerrsquos facial expressions and thatrsquos it Audio plays prepare you much better for such situations

The Advanced Learning CycleYou will need to have acquired some vocabulary and gone through some of the Basic Cyclersquos steps a few times to be able to benefit from the following techniques Usually the moment that a dictation becomes a lot easier is a good indicator for you to reduce the number of dictations to once a week and to integrate Step 07 - Free-style writing into your learning cycle

2 If you have a choice you shouldnlsquot come to

Germany before you have mastered B1 level Total immersion can be quite overwhelming for a beginning German learner and therefore seriously harm your motivation But more about that later

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 33: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

33 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE

Step 7 Write Freestyle rarrthinsp

1 How it is done

A very powerful way to apply and review what you have learned is by writing texts But writing without an efficient feedback mechanism is a waste of time and might result in your writing complete gibberish Here is how you make writing one of your most powerful learning and review tools You will need a bit of external help but that might not cost you much if anything at all

QUICK INSTRUCTION1 Find a topic2 Write a draft in English3 Limit your initial writing to 40 words Less is more rarrthinsp 1

4 Write one sentence per line in your draft AND in the final German text Write the number of words to the left of each sentence Leave two lines distance between each sentence for more control over the text and corrections (See example below) 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

5 Simplify your English draft 6 Translate your draft into German without a dictionary If you canrsquot find the fitting

German word simply write the English one instead Highlight the English word(s) so that you can easily find itthem later when you are allowed to look it up

7 Once you are done with your translation either encircle the remaining English words or look them up in a dictionary Make sure to add them to your blacklist

8 Take a little break before continuing with the correction9 Welcome back Go through your text two more times The first time check for verb positions and verb endings The second time check all datives and accusatives especially after prepositions

(vor hinter uumlber mit etc) and personal pronouns (mich mir etc)

1 In an exam you are required to write texts

of 40 and 80 words length (Goethe B1) or 120ndash150 words (TELC B1) For B2 you will have to write 200ndash240 words

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 34: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

34 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

10 Congratulations You have written your first German freestyle text 11 Now you need a German to check your writing If you write your texts in Google

docs you can invite Germans to comment on them Make sure to ask them to explain their corrections as fully as possible Watch rarrthinspthis video and explain or share it with them how they should correct your mistakes

12 Analyse your mistakes as usual If you donrsquot understand what went wrong ask your tutor

2 Extended Instruction

1 First of all you need a topic In textbooks and in German-language exams you always have to write responses to birthday invitations or about what to visit when in your home town In real life I fear no one ever writes such letters anymore So unless you are preparing for a Goethe or TELC exam why donrsquot you write about something that actually interests you This way you will not only be more motivated to do your daily portion of German but will also learn faster as we tend to remember things better that are relevant to us If you need help finding an interesting topic search the internet for ldquoquestions to write aboutrdquo rarrthinsp 1

2 Write a quick draft in English or in your native language to get the thinking out of the way DO NOT SKIP this step even if you are an advanced learner It shouldnrsquot take you longer than 3ndash5 minutes anyhow Your aim is not to write a novel in German so please keep things simple

3 Write one sentence per line in your draft and write the number of words to the left of each sentence This way you have control over the time and length of your letter

Write one line then leave two empty lines below that before you write anoth-er line This way you will a) gain a better overview over each sentence and b) leave sufficient space for corrections 07 Ich habe gestern einen tollen Film gesehen

10 Er hieszlig Titanic

16 Es ging um ein groszliges Schiff

1 If you are preparing straight for an exam

check out the LINKS IN THE APPENDICES They will give you access to all free German mock exams for each level But also if you are not preparing for any exam I recommend that you work according to the following instructions

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 35: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

35 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION

4 Before you write a single German word you need to go through your draft again and simplify it Write as if you were writing to an 8ndash10 year old It doesnrsquot have to be a childish letter Keep sentences short At most write a combination of two sentences like I wonrsquot go to the restaurant with you (first sentence ends here) because I am not hungry (second sentence ends here) ❷

A few tips avoid using -ing and constructions with ldquotordquo as they are extremely complicated to put into good and mistake-free German So instead of writing

ldquoIrsquod appreciate if you could consider doing your drilling elsewhererdquo write ldquoCan Could you please drill elsewhererdquo

ldquoIch wuumlrde es dir hoch anrechnen wenn du in Betracht ziehen koumlnntest wo anders zu bohrenldquo versus ldquoKannst Koumlnntest du woanders bohrenrdquo

For more examples on how to simplify texts

5 Now you can begin to translate your draft into German Do not change any content Keep things simple

A Sentence order is always I love you or in grammar terms Subject (Who) Pred-

icate (is doing) Direct Object (what) B Maximum length should be no more than two sentences One main clause

(Ich denke) one dependent clause (also bin ich) No need to use too many dependent clauses though

C Use full stops and avoid commas Use commas only after Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Hallo Lisa and before () subordinates (I call them pushers) like weil dass ob wenn damit and a few others This rule suffices until you have finished B2 level and most likely even beyond that level

6 Set a time limit 30 minutes for practice is ideal In exams you will have either 30 minutes for a text of 120thinspndashthinsp150 words or 60 minutes for three texts of 80-40ndash80 words In B2 you will have to write texts between 180thinspndashthinsp240 words within roughly one hour

7 Write quickly and donrsquot get hooked on the grammar You will have sufficient time to look out for mistakes afterwards

8 Once you are done stretch half a minute walk around to try to empty your mind of the text you have worked on Think of your happy place then go through your text again twice to look out for only one specific kind of mistake at a time

2 If you donrsquot know what a sentence is please

ask any teacher you can get hold of A sentence is the same in English or Arabic as in German Sometimes Germans use two sentences where English speakers need just one but the principle is still the same

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 36: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

36 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION rarr 3 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

If you look out for just any kind of mistake you will waste time on less important mistakes and overlook important ones which might cost you the exam

A The first time check whether all verbs are on their correct position (I II or end) and whether they have the correct ending (ich habE and not ich haST)

B The second time check your accusative and dative objects and prepositions Assume that everything is accusative unless you find a clear signal or reason as to why you should use the dative instead If you are not sure what to use always use accusative

C If you have time for one more check check your adjective endings capitali-sation depending on what you struggle with most

9 Finally have your text checked by a native speaker He should not correct an-ything but only highlight your mistakes And also not just highlight the precise mistake but rather the whole word so that you are the one who finds the pre-cise mistake and who has to think about how to fix it You can find those exam-ples here rarrthinspraquoHello Talklaquo and rarrthinspraquoLang-8laquo

3 The idea behind this step

Writing seems to intimidate many German learners but with the right approach it is actually one of the easiest skills to acquireWriting gives you the chance to apply the grammar and vocabulary you learned in the previous steps of your learning cycle It also allows you to think about the German sentence structure and to compare it with your native language There is always a very limited range of texts that we have to write in daily life which means that you will very soon be able to write what you have to write in German To give you an example here is a list of letters that I write daily or weekly

bull Invoices (templates) with introductory letterbull Offers (templates that need only to be adapted to the individual case)bull Tech support due to corrupted accounts (template)bull Invitations to Skype calls (template)bull Suggestions for appointments bull Request for (more) informationbull Short messages to my friends via mobile phone

These types of texts cover over 90 of my needs Beyond that I write books like this one or blog posts which then are proofread by a native speaker as they are ev-ergreen content What Irsquom saying is that even after 25 years of constant training in the English language I still have important texts proofread as it saves me a lot of time rarrthinsp 1

1 The texts that you will write in German are

most likely of a simple and recurring nature You can work a lot with templates as well

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 37: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

37 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

4 How to Simplify Your Writing

Avoid -ing to do constructions like1 I am hoping to meet you again soon2 I donrsquot have time to read all this information3 I am going to jump

The problem in I) and II) is that these constructions contain two main verbs (high-lighted in the sentences above) which in German can not co-exist in a single sen-tence So yoursquod always have to break those into two sentences like this

Sentence 1 Sentence 2Ich hoffe dass ich Dich bald wiederseheIch habe keine Zeit all diese Informationen zu lesen

But these constructions are advanced You could simplify them by leaving out the parts that do not provide crucial information or by segregating them into two indi-vidual sentences Eg

1 Wir sehen uns hoffentlich bald wieder2 Ich kann diese Informationen nicht lesen Ich habe keine Zeit3

Sentence number 3 can be easily simplified by using the will-future Donrsquot worry about your English being wrong here After all you want to learn German right And your Your German also doesnrsquot have to be cutting-edge yet and can be simplified A proper simplified text is much better than an incorrect sophisticated one You first need to build a solid base before you can think of adding ornaments to your language So here is my suggestion for number 3

3 Ich werde springen or just Ich springe

Set verb-limits even if you are an advanced writerLimit the lengths of your sentences to two main verbs in a sentence-combination Avoid constructions like

Yesterday I heard that Tarzan kissed Jane before going to workGestern habe ich gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat bevor er zur Arbeit gegan-gen ist

A much easier (in German) construction would beI heard that Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workIch habe gehoumlrt dass Tarzan Jane gekuumlsst hat Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 38: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

38 STEP 7emspWRITE FREESTYLE rarr 4 HOW TO SIMPLIFY YOUR WRITING

If you are a total beginner you could simplify this sentence even moreHave you heard Tarzan kissed Jane Then he went to workHast du gehoumlrt Tarzan hat Jane gekuumlsst Und dann ist er zur Arbeit gegangen

Use objects rather than constructions with prepositionsPrepositions (rarrthinspwatch Days 14 16 and 18 of my A1-B1 German Grammar Course) are tricky because in German we use different prepositions than they do in English Ideally you avoid using them unless you are crystal clear about which one to use

The sentenceHe bought a birthday present for his mother could be rewritten asHe bought his mother a birthday present

In German you wouldnrsquot use ldquoforrdquo at allEr hat seiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk gekauft

He gave a beer to his motherHe gave his mother a beerEr hat seiner Mutter ein Bier gegeben

Not all prepositions are avoidable nor are all of them problematic Only those that belong to the topic of verbs with prepositions (see my grammar course) need be dealt with

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 39: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

39 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

Step 8 Secretary Technique rarr

Not everyone is so lucky as to have a native speaker around at all times but thanks to simple technology you are able to practice your speaking skills almost on your own The Secretary Technique is a powerful speaking practise and learning tool All you need is a voice recording device like your smartphone and ideally a German native speaker or advanced German learner (at least level C1 CEFR)

1 How it is done

1 Think of a topic that you could speak about freely in German for about two min-utes Write down up to 10 key words (no full sentences please)

2 Speak about that topic with help of your notes and record yourself for up to two minutes

3 Afterwards listen to your recording and note any mistakes you hear 4 If there are not too many mistakes send your recording to a German speaker

who will act as your secretary5 Your secretary should transcribe only those sentences of your recording that

contain a mistake highlight the wrong words and then send the transcription to you

6 Try to identify your mistakes and correct them 7 Repeat steps 01thinspndashthinsp05 with help of your key words until your text sounds good

Do not aim at 100 perfection

If you donrsquot have a German speaker at hand you will have to transcribe your record-ing on your own Being able to read what you have been saying makes you become aware of the mistakes you make when speaking You might try the app ldquoHello Talkrdquo to find a secretary or several secretaries

2 The idea behind this step

One of the biggest problems German learners have is that they are rarely corrected properly or worse still are corrected in an offensive manner By offensive I do not mean only that one might be made to feel belittled by the corrector but also that the corrector might rob you of one of the most rewarding experiences in German learning to find and correct your own mistakes

But without any feedback there would be no learning The secretary technique is a wonderfully flexible tool that requires only very little interaction with a native speaker This way everyone saves a lot of time and you remain mostly independent

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 40: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

40 STEP 8emspSECRETARY TECHNIQUE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

in your German learning process It is important that you repeat the steps above at least once as it is only by sufficient repetition that new information is reinforced and consolidated in your long-term memory

Also be sure to rarrthinspwatch my video on how to correct german learners properly

Step 9 Oral Translation

Many language teachers condemn translating Thatrsquos a pity because translation is a key skill when learning any new language Even bilingual children use translation to widen their range of vocabulary and to understand grammatical structures For more information rarrthinspsee Butzkamm Used in the right doses translation is a powerful tool

1 How it is done

1 Record all the following2 Listen to a sentence from the text that you worked on in the previous steps Do

not read that text3 Pause4 Translate the sentence that you heard out loud ()5 Listen to your recording to compare the original text with your translation6 If available Let a native speaker listen to your recording She might not speak

your native language but can certainly tell whether a translation makes sense

2 The idea behind this step

There is are only few things worse for a German learner than not to understand what is being said to him or her Adult language learning is often compared to the way children learn languages which is well established to be a completely differ-ent learning process For more information read rarrthinspButzkamm Certain schools like Berlitz or Inlingua even make it a rule that not a single word in the learnerrsquos native language should be spoken during the lesson The teacher has either to show or paraphrase any () word that is being taught This leads to ridiculous situations where the teacher is still trying to find ways to explain words like ldquofluffyrdquo or ldquofairnessrdquo while the learners quickly look up those words in their bilingual dictionaries

Even language teachers who swear on the monolingual approach when learning a new language long to understand the new language fully Let me assure you that it

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 41: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

41 STEP 9emspORAL TRANSLATION rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

USEFUL TIPS rarr 1 SETTING THE RIGHT GOALS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION

is absolutely okay to translate vocabulary into your native language at times You will feel less and less desire to do so as you proceed naturally There is no need to suppress your desire to understand what is being said fully

Useful Tips

1 Setting the Right Goals

When you set out to learn German you are confronted with an infinite amount of information To stay sane and to be able to come out of this journey successfully you need to set clear goals They will also help you be efficient

The right goal is a SMART goal SpecificMeasurableAttainable Relevant Time bound

ldquoIrsquod like to be fluent in Germanrdquo is none of the aboveldquoIrsquod like to have a conversation in German for more than 10 minutes (Measurable Attainable) about soccer (Specific Relevant) by the end of March (Time bound)rdquo thatrsquos SMART

A more common and even better measurable goal is to set out to pass any of those German language exams according to the rarrthinspCommon European Framework of Ref-erence (CEFR) For example ldquoI will pass the German B1 exam with a score of at least 80 by the end of Marchrdquo

2 How to find the right Motivation

Very often I come across someone who has tried to learn German on and off sev-eral times to no avail They are very motivated - why would someone try something over and over again despite constant failure otherwise - but they usually have no clear aim nor are they aware of the true source of their issues In these cases I rec-ommend the writing of two letters in English or onersquos native language The topics of these letters are

bull Why I love the German language bull Why I love the German culture

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 42: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

42 USEFUL TIPS rarr 2 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT MOTIVATION rarr 3 GETTING HELP rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

Do as they do Write for 30 minutes even if after 15 minutes you run out of ideas Remain on in your chair your mobile out of reach and endure the silence Maybe af-ter 5ndash10 minutes of emptiness new emotions and ideas will occur In the worst case you will have sat in silence for 15 minutes In todayrsquos hectic times thatrsquos something rather soothing You can write both letters on different days

When you are done writing your letters take a break for as long as you like Later that day or the next day read your letters and pay attention to your mindrsquos and bodyrsquos reactions You donrsquot have to show these letters to anyone so you donrsquot have to censor yourself If you think it would help you to send your letters to someone feel free to send them to me Not only will I be touched by your trust but it will also help me understand human nature better and Irsquoll be able to help others like you with their German even more

3 Getting Help

Once yoursquove set your goal you need to plan the route This is what this course is all about How to achieve your German learning goal the most efficient way But I strongly recommend that you use a tool like rarrthinspbeemindercomthinsp or rarrthinspstickkcomthinsp to support your goals They are self-explanatory so I wonrsquot go into detail here Be careful not to be too ambitious as that can create a lot of pressure which not everyone is able to cope with well If you are not very sure about how realistic your goal is ask a few of your friends or your conversation trainer whom I will introduce you to later on

4 How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarrthinsp

Ambitious learnersIf you are aiming at German level B1 in 30 days you need to put in at least 4ndash6 hours a day and follow the instructions of this book meticulously and also rarrthinspuse my other materials The problem will be to make sure that you are on track as you wonrsquot have my supervision You have to be very careful not to overestimate your ability to study German The risk is that after an initial high you will stagnate get very frustrated and drop the pen for good Pay close attention to your body If you notice signs of fatigue finish the task at hand and take a short break

Scientists suggest that you take breaks in the following patternAfter 45 minutes take a 2ndash5 minute breakAfter 90 minutes take a 15ndash20 minute breakAfter 135 minutes take an hour off

If you learn longer than 2h15 minutes repeat this pattern

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 43: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

43 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

You canrsquot lose the raceBe aware of the differences between learners We all have a different backgrounds and different learning conditions as well as different language-learning skills It doesnrsquot make sense to compare yourself with other German learners as that would mean comparing apples with oranges Imagine yourself as being the only runner in a half-marathon The only goal is to reach the goal in no matter what time There are no other runners competing You can fully enjoy the marathon and I am certain you are aware of the fact that no one ends a marathon successfully without proper prepa-ration Begin with learning 2 hours daily for the first week and then add 30 minutes with every new week until you have reached your optimal learning time

Less ambitious learnersIn case you are working full-time or simply want to enjoy your German learning calmly at a slower steadier pace you might get solid results with as few as 60 min-utes per day Even 30 minutes per day might show some notable effect if you follow the learning cycle of this course

Less more often is more than a lot less oftenRather study 1 hour daily than 2thinsptimesthinsp35 hours per week Unless you really have no other choice try to study every day for a bit rather than squeeze everything into the weekend Learning takes place when you drop the pen The more often you drop the pen the more you step out of your brainrsquos way and the better it can process the information you have taken in

By when will I reach which level Please treat the following numbers with care They are just a rough estimate based solely upon my personal and professional experience for average results I also as-sume that you work with a private or conversation tutor and with my materials

Daily study time A1 A2

30 minutes 2 months 4 months

1 hour 1 month 2 months

2 hours 2 weeks 1 month

45 hours 1 week 2 weeks

Daily study time B1 B2 C1

30 minutes 12 months 24ndash36 months unlikely

1 hour 6 months 12 months unlikely

2 hours 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months 12ndash16 months

45 hours 1ndash2 months 3ndash4 months 6ndash8 months

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 44: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

44 USEFUL TIPS rarr 4 HOW MANY HOURS A DAY SHOULD ONE STUDY

TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp

As a comparison here are the times yoursquod need in a so-called intensive course in most language schools In an intensive course yoursquod study 5times per week for 3 hours per day plus 15 hours of homework (total 45 hours) Yoursquod reach

A1emsprarremsp2 monthsA2emsprarremsp4 monthsB1emsprarremsp6 monthsB2emsprarremsp9 monthsC1emsprarremsp12 monthsC2emsprarremsp theoretically in 15 months unless you want to become a German tutor

yourself or work as a professor in German studies at a university you can easily ignore this level

Tracking Time

The problem with language learning is the difficulty measuring onersquos progress ob-jectively There are two ways of measuring yourself One is by keeping track of the time you need to master all the different tasks you need to manage when learning German Another is by taking an exam

If you read and comprehend a given text in one hour in the beginning but after four weeks of German learning read and comprehend that text again in half an hour you could see your progress easily which is very motivating Keeping track of the time you spend learning German also helps you feel good about yourself and helps you judge your achievements more realistically You are certainly rational enough to understand that you canrsquot expect miracles when you invest only one hour per week on your German But often we delude ourselves by thinking that we have actually spent more time than we really did Tracking your language learning can help you get a better feel for your progress I can recommend rarrthinspToggl which is a free tool but you might simply search the in-ternet for time tracking tools for alternatives

1 So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German

While I have managed to bring rarrthinspa young and gifted woman to level B2 with-in three months and believe that we could also have achieved that in just two months the average learner will most likely need anything between one and two years While your progress depends on quite a few factors (age intelligence knowledge education motivation living situation to name just a few) it is mainly determined by the quality and amount of work you invest in to reach your goal If you invest

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 45: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

45 TRACKING TIME rarr 1 SO HOW LONG DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO BECOME FLUENT IN GERMANemsp rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

only 30 minutes daily in your German learning you will certainly need longer to achieve your goal than if you invested 45 hours daily (like they do in an intensive German course for example)The problem is that you most likely will have to work in addition to your German learning and those 45 hours of studying are quite exhausting and difficult to fit into your daily schedule

Make sure to set realistic goals and to adapt them according to your working and living conditions The learning cycle that you find in this book will help you fit your German learning into your day as it can be separated into 20ndash30-minute pieces which is much easier than finding 90 minutes in an eight-hour workday

2 Total immersion rarrthinsp

When I started working for Berlitz in 1999 I was told that I should never use the studentrsquos native language in the classroom but only German They told me that this would be the best approach to learn good German Nowadays 99 of German language schools in Germany and maybe even worldwide still use only German in the classroom This approach is called the Monolingual Approach and should be forbidden as it is harmful in many ways

It ignores almost all your knowledgeIt is scientifically proven that we learn much faster and remember better when we can connect new information to things that we have learned previouslyWhen someone speaks to you in a language you donrsquot understand you have no way to connect what you hear or read to what you already know and therefore unnec-essarily slows you down significantly

It leads to low quality resultsWithout using the learnerrsquos native language the teacher can present information only in a very structured and simplified way The student then is fully responsible for making sense of what he sees on the board Unfortunately not everyone is a natural when it comes to recognising grammar patterns or other similarities between the German language and his native language Very often German learners make up their own rules just to fill the void and to get rid of the uncertainty that this unfor-tunate approach creates The outcome is usually pretty bad And would you want to invest hundreds of hours and dollars in learning German just to sound bad

Think of someone who speaks poor English What do you think happens in the minds of those who listen to him speaking in poor English Will they consider him more or less intelligent than he might actually be

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 46: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

46 TRACKING TIME rarr 2 TOTAL IMMERSION

It makes learners feel insecure longer than necessaryAs you can never be sure about whether the rule you have just figured out all by yourself is accurate you will always feel insecure about your German skills Insecu-rity is natural when learning a new language but it doesnrsquot have to be encouraged by a wrong approach

Why is this approach still applied then There are quite a few reasons as to why this approach is still heavily pushed on millions of language learners in all languages none of which is beneficial to you the language learner One is that it worksThe problem is that it works extremely slowly causes an immense and unnecessary amount of frustration in the learner (and teacher) and lets the learner do all the (guess)work with often very low-quality outcome and it leaves a feeling of insecurity in the learner

The language-teaching business is a highly competitive one Schools have to run their classes economically To do so they can either put as many students as possi-ble into one class and offer lower prices than their competitors or they charge a lot of money from their students in return for smaller classes Prices in Berlin currently (2016) vary from 200euro per month to 1200thinspeuro per month Ironically the more expen-sive courses didnrsquot necessarily have fewer students than the cheaper ones The only way to get a sufficient number of students into one class is by making the classroom language the same for everyone the language they want to learn ie German in our caseThe teachers canrsquot use English in class because if there are students who do not understand English they will complain of being left out

If schools organised classes according to the native language of the students they would have to raise the fees as classes would most likely be very small especially when the students do not speak a common language Then try to find a German tutor who speaks Japanese or Chinese or even Arabic Most people who speak such second languages will most likely be in a much better paid profession

Another problem of language schools is that they usually have a high fluctuation of language teachers but even if their employees remained with them for longer they donrsquot have to look for teachers who are specialised in English-German or Ar-abic-German with the current approach It is sufficient if the teacher speaks only German This way language schools have a wider choice of employees

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 47: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

47 TRACKING TIME rarr 3emspIS LEARNING GERMAN ABROAD REALLY BETTER rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

3 Is Learning German Abroad Really Better

German is best learned in a country in which it is spoken rightNot necessarily especially if you are a beginning German learner it doesnrsquot really matter where you learn it Actually it is much easier to get started while still in your home country The reason is very simple When going abroad you will have to deal with a lot of things at the same time You have to find a place to stay explore the city hang out with your new classmates mdash who are all non-German by the way mdash and if you came to stay you have to deal with a lot of bureaucracy and also with cultural differences And all this without really understanding anything language wiseThis is such an overload for anyone that your German learning will certainly suffer from it

At home you at least know your way around and donrsquot have to worry about any of the above You also save a lot of money as you can stay at home and maybe even work parallel to learning German

I can promise you that you wonrsquot get in touch with any locals anywhere eg if you come to their country out of the blue and stick mainly with your classmates And even if you met a local what would you speak about with your almost non-existent German vocabulary and grammar

This book shows you ways of exposing yourself and practising German with very little help from the outside so that you eg can prepare your stay in the new coun-try and have simple but proper conversations with its natives Be smart and learn German from home until level B1 After that come to Germany but donrsquot expect to learn anything automatically just because you are abroad Most foreigners also fail bitterly when it comes to connecting to native inhabitants of a new country Irsquom not saying it is their fault It is just not easy to overcome onersquos inhibition to sound less intelligent than one is used to in front of a stranger

Make sure to read the next chapter about culture as there is no language without a culture

4 Cultural Fluency rarrthinsp

There is no language without a culture You could be fluent in German but fail bit-terly to connect to German native speakers if you are not aware of their culture You need to study their habits their rules their ways of thinking and communicat-ing next to learning their language

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 48: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

48 TRACKING TIME rarr 4emspCULTURAL FLUENCY

EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

While there are so-called intercultural trainings out there they are often quite ex-pensive and in my eyes rather unnecessary for the average German learner ldquoAllrdquo you need to do is to be aware of things being different and to keep a positive atti-tude

Whenever you feel negative emotions coming up either in yourself or in your con-versation partner remember that this might be due to a cultural misunderstanding Nowadays I always assume first that what upsets me wasnrsquot said or done on pur-pose but rather because of a misunderstanding It is still unpleasant for a moment but the anger very quickly passes You might be able to figure out some of your misunderstandings by addressing the matter openly You could share your feelings and add that you are confused due to the behaviour you have experienced Be very careful though to always stay with yourself Never say things like bdquoYou hurt meldquo or bdquoYou insulted meldquo Rather express it like bdquoI feel hurt because I heard you say hellipldquo

My experience of the last 20 years on the job with people from all countries of this planet and from all races and classes is that usually people do not mean harm but rather seek agreement and acknowledgement This is true for 99 of the people I have encountered and Irsquove encountered several thousand such people in my career So why not assume good intentions first It will definitely be a better base basis for your communication

While such interpersonal skills are not put into our cradles they can certainly be learned I wasnrsquot born with this attitude nor skill either And it is also quite difficult to stay relaxed and positive if one is not in a familiar and safe environment

If you plan to come to Germany I strongly recommend the book rarrthinspDoing Business with Germans by H Schroll-Machl It is not only for those who want to work in Ger-many or with Germans but it also reveals a lot about the problems that non-Ger-mans have with my compatriots I myself learned a lot from it about why I tick the way I tick

Easy German Learning

Let me keep things real Nothing worth having comes easy As the Americans say bdquoTherersquos no such thing as a free lunchldquo (Nichts ist umsonst) The same is valid for German learning There are many German courses and apps out there that claim to make learning German fun and easy I can tell you from 20 years of experience that fun and easy alone will not get you far Learning German is hard but rewarding work And yes it is also enjoyable Very much so but you need to invest a lot of work To become as fluent as a native speaker you need to invest at least a year if not two depending on your conditions skills and investment in time and work It is very

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 49: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

49 EASY GERMAN LEARNING emsp

AVOID GROUP COURSES

difficult to stay motivated and disciplined over such a long time Successful German learners make learning and speaking German their habit They do not always enjoy their work but they stick to it just long enough If you follow the learning cycle and advice in this book you will work very efficiently and notice quick progress This will keep you motivated and help you create the necessary habits to finally reach proper fluency

Avoid Group Courses

From 1999 until the end of 2012 I taught German almost exclusively in groups It often was a very exhausting and frustrating experience not only for the learners but also for me And I have seen many colleagues at their limit after a few years on the job After 13 years I had to quit my safe job rarr because I couldnrsquot take it anymore Looking back it became obvious why

From the Teacherrsquos PerspectiveTeaching at any private language school is usually underpaid and highly unreward-ing Therersquos a high fluctuation of students to which I constantly had to adapt Results were rather disappointing and if they ever appeared they took a very long time to do so B1 in an intensive group course takes six months while nowadays I teach that level from scratch in one to three months Most of my daily work was to entertain the group which usually was so diverse that many students had not much in common beyond the desire or need to learn German True communication with students was difficult if they didnrsquot speak English Have you ever tried to talk to someone who didnrsquot even speak your language That might be interesting if it is for a few minutes but try that for three hours per day over six months

Of course I also enjoyed certain aspects of the job and most of my students were good hearted and spirited people but the system was and still is massively flawed

From the Studentrsquos PerspectiveIn an average group of ten German learners you have ten individuals with ten differ-ent backgrounds and goals with many different abilities learning speeds cultures native languages educations behaviours and motivations but you have only one teacher at a time who has to adapt his teaching style to please all students equally or to force them to adapt to his style It should become obvious to you that thatrsquos a ridiculous set-up for a language learning situation to be successful

You are an individual and deserve individual support A language is more than just a set of rules structures and words that you just present to someone and they

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 50: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

50 AVOID GROUP COURSES

pick it up Language learning is deeply connected to our emotions and our desire to understand and to be understood In a group these desires are mostly ignored The emotional threat of a group might be bearable for younger learners but the older you get the less likely you are to enjoy a group course

When learning a new language we are thrown back to the very core of our selves rarrthinsp We are not able to express anything and canrsquot display our identity as is cus-tomary This causes fear in most language learners Less easily intimidated learners tend to dominate the classroom They are not to blame for that as that is their na-ture and it is good for their language learning It is just a pain in the neck to level all these different aspects to get the necessary work done

In addition to these points you will usually also find

bull that you are rarely corrected as the teacher has to deal with several people at once

bull that yoursquoll rarely speak (measure your actual speaking time in a 3-hour course) and interact with a German native (as there is usually just one native in class shared by all participants)

bull that most of the time yoursquoll hear bad German pronunciation and structure as your speaking partners will be non-German

bull that your homework might not be enough for your needs or that it might not even be corrected and if so correcting homework that you could easily do yourself free of charge at home takes up far too much time in class which you are charged for

bull that the speed in class is either too fast or too slow Only a part of the group will find the speed accurate

bull that they do not explain things in English (or any other language you under-stand) to you but make you do all the work by letting you figure out the rules

bull that if you miss a class due to illness or an important appointment or event you will have trouble catching up as the class moves on with their tight schedule

bull that they teach you stuff that is supposed to satisfy hundreds of thousands of German learners but in the end leaves all of them at least partly unsatisfied due to dull material

bull that you will not get to know any native speakers but rather get dragged into the expat bubble which is a cosy comfort zone but which also contains no German practise at all and therefore is not beneficial for your aim to learn German

bull that there are annoying people in class who attract most of your teacherrsquos at-tention but not for the good of the group

bull that you might feel embarrassed to speak broken German in front of the oth-er learners

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 51: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

51 AVOID GROUP COURSES

How much time would I save when learning with a private tutorLearning German in a group at first glance seems cheaper than private tuition Nothing could be further from the truth Herersquos the math In a cheap German course in Berlin yoursquoll pay 200thinspeuro per month You will need at least six months which will sum up to 1200thinspeuro Adding the costs for course material all admin and exam fees getting from scratch to B1 will cost you roughly 1500thinspeuro and six months of your time During this time you will most likely not be able to work full-time if at all Now you have to know that the B1 exam success rate for such a six-month intensive course lies at 60 Ask your school for the numbers if you donrsquot believe me but you can also take a look at page 125 of the rarrthinspGerman governmentrsquos statistics In case you are an average learner you might need 1-3 months more to pass B1 level if at all This brings the total course costs at 1700thinspeurondash2100thinspeuro You also have to add your missed income If you made only 850thinspeuro per hour which is the minimum wage here in Germany and worked only 385 hrs per week yoursquod miss out on rarrthinsp98950thinspeuro net per month Times six thatrsquos 5937thinspeuro The total cost therefore is between 8037thinspeuro (for six months) and 1040550thinspeuro (for nine months)

If you worked twice per week with a skilled private tutor who charges 40thinspeuro per 45mins lesson (which is already quite high) yoursquod end up paying 320thinspeuro per month Add some material for letrsquos say 100thinspeuro and 180thinspeuro for an exam (external participants usually pay a bit more) The mere course costs - assuming that you would need the same amount of time to get to B1 which is highly unlikely mdash would be 2200thinspeuro Thatrsquos only 100thinspeuro more than yoursquod pay for a group course Yet your advantages are plenty

bull Yoursquoll learn at your own speed bull Yoursquoll be more flexible in your learning which might allow you to work at least

part-time bull Yoursquoll most likely be able to work 2ndash3 months sooner as yoursquoll learn faster bull Yoursquoll have at least 50 speaking and listening time with a German native

speaker bull Yoursquoll get individual instant and relevant feedback bull You can ask any question you like without fearing to disturb others bull You wonrsquot be bothered by others asking irrelevant questions bull You can ask your questions in English and therefore be sure you understood

the matter fully bull You wouldnrsquot have to travel to school as you could easily work via Skype bull Yoursquoll feel less embarrassed to actually speak German

If after reading this you still want to take part in a group course I can only recom-mend that you work with my material which will help you fix or avoid altogether a few of the shortcomings that I mentioned above You have already taken your fate into your own hands by purchasing this course Make the best use of it Your lifetime is as limited and as precious as you are important

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 52: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

52 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

Do not Learn German on your Own

You might have come across someonersquos YouTube channel or blog in which they claim that you could learn German on your own That advice leads down a dangerous road While there are of course people who have learned German mostly on their own those are rather the exception Especially polyglots individuals who speak several languages fluently to some degree can be considered highly gifted learners and sta-tistically make at best 1 of our population While a lot of their advice is certainly useful in itself you canrsquot really compare their path to success in language learning with your own unless you are a highly gifted individual yourself

The problem with learning German on your own is that you not only lose a lot of time due to being inexperienced in regard to how to organise and structure your learning schedule and materials but also you most likely lack the necessary feed-back provided by a tutor As a consequence you are likely to end up speaking bro-ken German which is incredibly hard to fix

Learning German is overwhelming for most learners for quite some time at the beginning mdash think of all the words you have to learn the seemingly complex gram-mar the pronunciation maybe even the alphabet Failure and frustration are part of every (language) learning process Without proper support from a tutor or an extremely well structured and thought through German course chances are high that you might simply give up on your goal to become fluent in German before you even had a chance to get a real glimpse of the beauty of the German language And giving up can mean that you simply decide to stick with functional German (Irsquoll ex-plain what that means in more detail in the next chapter) Take a look around Ask your friends and family whether they have ever started to learn a new language but gave up at some point People give up language learning all the time even when learning with a tutor Guess how many people have bdquolearn a new languageldquo on their list of New Yearrsquos resolutions

Apps can help me learn German right

It depends on what you mean by ldquohelprdquo I estimate that 90 of users of any language learning app do not use those apps longer than three months Ask the app makers about that and they most likely wonrsquot answer you as it is rather embarrassing I heard from a sales manager of one of the bigger apps that my estimate was far too opti-mistic but donrsquot take my word for it Ask them yourself

I understand that professional German tuition costs quite a bit of money but look at it this way You learn German for decades to come Most of you will have 30ndash50

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 53: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

53 DO NOT LEARN GERMAN ON YOUR OWN rarr APPS CAN HELP ME LEARN GERMAN RIGHT

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL GERMAN

more years left to make good use of it If you invested 2000thinspeuro now that would mean it would have cost you 40ndash66thinspeuro per year or 333ndash555thinspeuro per month Thatrsquos a caffegrave latte here in Berlin or a pack of cigarettes less per month

For 2000thinspeuro you can get 100 sessions with an affordable private tutor whom rarrthinspyou can find on italki Meet her twice per week 45 minutes and you get a full year of tuition out of it With the help provided by this coursersquos structure I estimate that you will achieve twice as much than if you had sat in a group course in some Ger-man language school and very likely infinitely further than if you had tried studying German on your own

If you are not an experienced language learner meaning that you do not already speak three languages I strongly recommend that you get professional support for your task to learn German A polyglot or any other successful language learner is not automatically a professional You will save yourself a huge amount of stress and reduce the risks of quitting or worse settling with functional German

What is Functional German

The main aim of most German learners is to communicate with other German speakers Depending on what you intend to do with your German skills this goal is achieved sooner or later If you ldquojustrdquo want to get by in a German speaking country you might achieve your goal sooner than someone who wants to use German in a professional context For every persistent German learner there comes a point when things kind of work out Most likely they are not properly fluent yet but simply get by in most situations of their daily life Their Ger-man just functions hence the term functional German The problem with that is that functional German is still full of mistakes one is a fluent Falschsprecher (lit wrong-speaker) Their fluency conceals the fact that they havenrsquot achieved prop-er fluency yet and their motivation to improve on their German sinks with every ldquosuccessfulrdquo German speaking situation You donrsquot want to end up being a fluent Falschsprecher because you will miss out on many subtleties in your encounters with native Germans and therefore never really connect with them on a deeper level You will also be very aware of the fact that your German is a mess I very often hear people apologising for their crappy German I donrsquot think that being self-conscious about onersquos lack of any ability leads to a happier life Make sure to have someone at your side when starting this challenging task of learning German It is okay to ask for help and to be aware that it costs a lot more money than many offers out there suggest I promise you that it will be worth the investment

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 54: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

54 FINDING A SPEAKING PARTNER

Finding a Speaking Partner rarrthinsp

To get better at speaking you need to speak a lot however your speaking needs to be controlled That means you need to get constant and intelligent feedback about your pronunciation choice of words and correctnessThe problem with correction is that either natives wonrsquot correct you (out of a mis-placed sense of politeness) or worse that they correct you in a way that makes you feel bad about yourself Read or watch the chapter about corrections in this course to find out how to correct others intelligently and sensitively or how to instruct oth-ers to correct you in an effective and self-empowering way

The Preaching and the Secretary Technique are wonderful tools to practise speaking on your own while making sure you get all the feedback you need

While I am not a big fan of so called Tandems language exchange partners (rarrthinspread this article to find out why) you might still want to give it a try with the list you find in the mentioned article

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 55: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

55 KEEP A (VOICE) DIARY rarr 1 HOW IT IS DONE rarr 2 THE IDEA BEHIND THIS STEP

DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

Keep a (Voice) Diary

Keeping a diary has been proven to increase memory retention even in normal life Why not make use of it for your German learning You can keep either a written dictionary or a spoken one or both

1 How it is done

At the end of each learning day simply write down or record 1-2 minutes about your experiences of that day in German You donrsquot have to re-readlisten to it right away Let a few weeks pass and then go through your record(ing)s againStart each record(ing) with (saying) the current date and time You can do so in English in the beginning but as soon as you have mastered the German way using them switch to German

2 The idea behind this step

The most motivating experience while learning German is to become aware of onersquos progress Depending on how often you are exposed to situations in which you can make use of your German those experiences are usually rather scarce in the beginning By recording yourself without correcting anything you take a ldquoscreenshotrdquo of your progress at a specific time in your German learning process If you listen to yourself four weeks later you will notice a significant increase in your learning and feel good about it Should you not hear any improvement you should also be thankful for this tech-nique as you can then realise that you havenrsquot been learning properly and should take a closer look at how you have been learning so far If you combine this tool with tracking your learning time you will become a more and more efficient learner

Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary

Flash cards have a long tradition A long tradition of being used the wrong way for language learning Often I read the advice that one should write a German word or phrase on one side of the flash card and the English translation onto the other side or I read that one should label onersquos furniture with Post-its that have the German word with their article and plural written on them

Both approaches are highly inefficient and waste invaluable time Here is why

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 56: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

56 DONrsquoT USE FLASH CARDS FOR VOCABULARY

MORE USEFUL TOOLS

Isolated vocabulary I explained this issue in the beginning of this course Please re-fer to the chapter about learning vocabulary for details In short You need to learn vocabulary in a natural context as that method will not only help you to memorise the vocabulary more efficiently but yoursquoll also be able to recall it more quickly

Reading is not learning When you put a German label on your furniture or on a poster all you do is read the German word Reading has very little effect on your learning Of course you need to read in order to take in new information but read-ing alone especially reading isolated words or phrases will not do much for your learning You need to use your brain in order to store new information deeply in your memoryThis can be achieved simply by putting a Post-it with a blank front on your furniture On its back write the German name of the object that you have been labelling for control This way whenever you pass by the Post-it you then try to remember what it was called in German and what its gender and plural are After you have made this effort you can check the back of the Post-it for immediate feedback Flash cards and Post-its are review tools not learning tools

More Useful ToolsGood tools alone do not make a good handyman but good tools in the hand of a good handyman make a hell of a difference In this course you will find the most important tools I used for my projects German B1 in 30 Days and German B1 in 14 Days as well for my daily work with my actual clients While my main experience is with German learning most of the following tools will certainly also be useful for quite a few other languages

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 57: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

57 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR

rarr Get a Conversation Tutor

I know money is often an issue but seriously if somehow possible get a German conversation tutor

You are about to learn a very beautiful language that you will speak for the rest of your life and your lifetime is running out as we speak or rather as you read A conver-sation tutor will not only save you invaluable time but most likely also your German I know there are people out there claiming that everyone can learn German on the streets but thatrsquos true for only about 1 of this planetrsquos population If you belong to that 1 my congratulations If not get that tutor

You can find affordable ones here rarrthinspItalkiTake a look at three to five or even more of the tutors there and follow your feeling Go with the one you trust the most and do not hesitate to change your tutor should you realise you have made the wrong decision The tutor will probably survive if you leave but your German might not if you stay with the wrong tutor

Depending on your schedule I recommend at least two sessions of 30 minutes per week with the tutor If you have already passed level B1 you might want to take 45-minute sessions with him or her Yet for a beginner 30 minutes are more than sufficient

So if a tutor charged you 24thinspeuro per hour yoursquod pay 2thinsptimesthinsp12thinspeuro per weekthinsptimesthinsp4 weeksthinsp=thinsp96thinspeuro per month If you took 3thinsptimesthinsp30-minute sessions yoursquod have to calculate 144thinspeuro per monthIf you are aiming at learning B1 in 30 days I suggest you make it 5thinsptimesthinsp45 minutes per week starting from week two resulting in 15 sessions aacute 12thinspeurothinsp=thinsp180thinspeuro for one month Your German should be worth that And if your financial situation doesnrsquot allow that I strongly recommend you take care of your situation first before being concerned about learning German in 30 days In such a situation it is far better to take a slower more methodical route

If you take 45 minutes as a beginner make sure that the conversation lesson is segregated into 30 minutes of conversation training and 15 minutes in which your trainer tries to answer all the questions that you are bound to have when learning properly according to my instructions in this book

One last thing loved ones or friends do not make good conversation tutors They might be good speaking partners but even that is rather rare Therersquos no way around a professional if you want to take your German learning serious If you aim at learn-ing German just for leisure you can take things a lot easier but then you wouldnrsquot expect any significant outcome from your efforts anyway right

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 58: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

58 GET A CONVERSATION TUTOR rarr PRONUNCIATION COURSE

IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS

Pronunciation Course rarrthinsp

As a little add-on to your conversation training I recommend my rarrthinspGerman pronun-ciation course to be able to practice a bit on your own as well As an English speaker you might not have many issues with German pronunciation but I am certain you will find things that you could improve when it comes to your pronunciation The learning cycle that you got to know in this book also contains two techniques (oral dictation and secretary technique ) that will help you control your pronunciation in German

But also the two steps of the learning cycle reading and listening will help you with your pronunciation as they set the ground for a proper understanding of what you will hear in real life

Improve your Reading Skills

I have created a rarrthinspreading course for German learners that comes with a ready-made vocabulary course on memrise It contains about 1200 words that are 100 relevant and comes with an interesting criminal story as a pdf and with audio in normal and slow speed In addition to that I have created 54 videos in which I an-alyse every single sentence of that book Even if you think you are not particularly analytical I promise that yoursquoll be fascinated by the logic of the German language Take a look at the free previews on my homepage

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 59: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

59 DANKSAGUNG

Danksagung

This course is the result of thousands of interactions with wonderful people Without them my work would be not what it is today I sincerely thank all my students for investing their time and trust in me and for believing in what I do I also thank Mar-gareth Jabczynski my partner in crime for all her lovely and mind-blowing input that contributed greatly to smarterGerman

I also send rarrthinspRebecca Crawford my wholehearted thanks for creating the wonder-ful videos that come with this course and to William Russell for providing the in-spired and wonderful intro to the videos Irsquom looking forward to making many more of these with you William

Danke especially to Matt Gaffney for making sure that my English is actually under-standable and for being so flexible and quick in your work

Danke particularly to rarrthinspFlorian Hauer for designing this document

And last but not least Danke an Dich who bought this book and still read these lines Without you my work would be superfluous Your support helps me create many more wonderful products like this course and thanks to your learning German - and hopefully one day soon also other languages mdash will one day have the reputation of being a pleasure to put up with )

Von HerzenMichael

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64
Page 60: HOW TO LEARN GERMAN FASTER - smarterGerman INTRODUCTION Introduction → This course contains the essence of my insights from over 15 years of teaching German and of my personal studies

60 APPENDIX

Appendix

German Language Mock Exams

rarr A1 Goetherarr A2 Goetherarr B1 Goetherarr B2 Goetherarr C1 Goethe

rarr A1 TELCrarr A2 TELCrarr B1 TELCrarr B2 TELCrarr C1 TELC

Recommendations For German Learners amp Tutors

rarr Doing Business with Germans by Sylvia Schroll-Machlrarr Make it stick by Peter C Brown

For German Tutors only

rarr Sprachenlernen leicht gemacht by Roberth Kleinschroth (In German language only)

rarr Wolfgang Butzkamm

  • Introduction rarr
    • The Learning Cycle rarr
      • Step 1emspLearn Vocabulary rarr
      • 1 Context amp Chunks
      • 2Learn Relevant Information Only
      • 3Recommended tools
      • 4 Memrise
      • 5Alternatives to Memrise
      • 6Use an Online Dictionary
      • 7Analytical Reading for German Learners
      • 8Readlang
      • 9Donrsquot use Books from your German Classes
      • 10Donrsquot read the news amp stay away from Childrenrsquos Books
      • 11Your Personal Blacklist
      • 12A Powerful Mnemonic Tool
        • Step 2emspRead Texts rarr
          • 1How to read in German
          • 2Recommended Tools rarr
          • 3The idea behind this step
            • Step 3 AWrite what you Hear rarr
              • How it is done
              • The ideas behind this step
                • Step 3 BOral Dictation rarr
                  • How it is done
                  • The ideas behind this step
                    • Step 4Learn Some Grammarrarr
                      • How it is done
                      • Useful tools
                      • The idea behind this step
                        • Step 5Preach rarr
                          • How it is done (Basic Approach)
                          • Advanced Approach
                          • List of possible preaching patterns in German
                          • Recommended tools
                          • The idea behind this step
                            • Step 6Listen
                              • Active Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • Passive Listening rarr
                              • How it is done
                              • The idea behind this step
                              • What To Listen To
                              • The Advanced Learning Cycle
                                • Step 7Write Freestyle rarr
                                  • How it is done
                                  • Extended Instruction
                                  • The idea behind this step
                                  • How to Simplify Your Writing
                                    • Step 8The Secretary Technique rarr
                                      • How it is done
                                      • The idea behind this step
                                        • Step 9Oral Translation
                                          • How it is done
                                          • The idea behind this step
                                            • Useful Tips
                                              • Setting the Right Goals
                                              • How to find the right Motivation
                                              • Getting Help
                                              • How many Hours a Day Should One Study rarr
                                                • Tracking Time
                                                  • So how long does it actually take to become fluent in German
                                                  • Total immersion rarr
                                                  • Is Learning German Abroad Really Better
                                                  • Cultural Fluency rarr
                                                    • Easy German Learning
                                                    • Avoid Group Courses
                                                    • Do not Learn German on your Own
                                                      • Apps can help me learn German right
                                                        • What is Functional German
                                                          • Finding a Speaking Partner rarr
                                                            • Keep a (Voice) Diary
                                                              • How it is done
                                                              • The idea behind this step
                                                                • Donrsquot use Flash Cards for Vocabulary
                                                                • More Useful Tools
                                                                • rarr Get a Conversation Tutor
                                                                  • Pronunciation Course
                                                                    • Improve your Reading Skills
                                                                    • Danksagung
                                                                          1. Schaltflaumlche 27
                                                                          2. Schaltflaumlche 28
                                                                          3. Schaltflaumlche 29
                                                                          4. Schaltflaumlche 30
                                                                          5. Schaltflaumlche 49
                                                                          6. Schaltflaumlche 46
                                                                          7. Schaltflaumlche 45
                                                                          8. Schaltflaumlche 44
                                                                          9. Schaltflaumlche 57
                                                                          10. Schaltflaumlche 64

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