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HOW TO PLAN AND PLANT A HOME VINEYARD 1 January 2019
HOWTOPLANANDPLANTAHOMEVINEYARD
1January2019
University of California Cooperative Extension UC MASTER GARDENERS OF NAPA COUNTY
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Monday, Wednesday, Friday 9:00 AM – 12:00 Noon
253-4143 E-mail: [email protected]
http://NapaMG.org
WEB SITE: WWW.IPM.UCDAVIS.ED Integrated Pest Management PEST NOTES
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Whatquestionsdoyouhaveforus??
• Howmanyhavevineyards?• HowBig?• Whatvarieties?• Wherearetheylocated?• AreyouawareofIntegrated
PestManagement(IPM)?• Doyousellyourgrapes?• VineyardManagement(DIYor
Professional)
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Whatwearecoveringtoday
• Determineyourgoal• Vineyardsiteevaluation• Determinelayoutandhowmanygrapevinescanbeplanted• Identify,understandandquantifythecoststoplantyour
vineyard• Grapevinevarietal,cloneandrootstockselection.• Identify,understandandquantifythetimecommitment
requiredtoplantyourvineyard
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OnlinePresentation
MGWebsiteAddress:napamg.ucanr.edu
Our Presentation
Materials Access
using our QR Code
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GettingStarted-DetermineYourGoal
• Whatdoyouknowornotknowaboutplantingavineyardandgrowinggrapes?
• Doyoureallywantavineyardorjustexpensivelandscaping?
• Willyouplantandmaintainthevineyardyourselforhiresomeone?
• Whatwillyoudowithyourgrapes?
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VineyardSiteEvaluation
• SiteSize–estimatewhatyourproductionwillbe.– Measuretoseehowmuchplantablelandisavailable.– Onasheetofpapermakearoughdiagramusingdifferentassumptionsonwhatyourrowandplantspacingwillbe(3x5,4x6,5x8,etc).Thiswillgiveyouaroughestimateofthenumberofgrapevinesthatcanbeplanted.
– Assumingeachvinewillproduce5lbs.ofgrapesundereachrowandplantspacingassumption,isthistoomany,toolittleorjusttherightnumberofgrapevinestoplantforyourwinemakingneeds?
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• SunExposure–thekeytogettingthemaximumflavorfromyourgrapes.Overexposuretothesuncanresultinsunburnedgrapesandexcessivesugarlevels.Underexposuretothesunandresultinlowsugarlevelsandacidicwines.Dappledlightistheobjectiveandisoptimalforfruitgrowthandmaturity.– Willanypartofyourvineyardbeshadedbytrees,structures,etc.duringtheMarchthroughOctobergrowingseason?
– Willyourvineyardgetsunlightfromearlymorninguntillateafternoon?
VineyardSiteEvaluation
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• WaterAccessibilityandAvailability–whetheryou’llbehandwateringorinstallingdrip.Asteadyandsufficientsupplyofwaterisneededfromaconvenientsource.
• SoilDrainage–grapevinesdonotlike“wetfeet”asitaffectsrootgrowthandrespiration.Doesthesitedrainsothatpondingdoesn’toccurwhenitrains?
• AirDrainage-necessarytoavoidfrost.Isyoursitesituatedtoallowcold,denseairtodrainawayfromthevineyard?
• Wind–moderateiskey.Isthewindsufficienttoprotectgrapesfrommoldandmildewbutnotstrongenoughtoaffectrespirationorcausevinedamage?
• Aspect–orientationofaslope(North,South,East,West).Importantonlyifslopeis>5%.Greatererosionandnutrientlossconcerns,canaffectroworientation,andequipmentusage.Bottomofslopemaybesusceptibletofrost.
VineyardSiteEvaluation
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VineyardSiteEvaluation
• Soiltest–necessarytodetermineamendmentandfertilizerneeds.
• SaturationPercentage(SP)–measuressoiltexture,water-holdingcapacity,andcationexchangecapacity.
• Acidity-Alkalinity(pH)–determineswhethersoilisacidic(pH1-7),neutral(pH7),orbasic(pH7-14).
• SoilNutrientStatus–N/P/K.• Micronutrients–iron,manganese,copper,boron,zinc,nickel,chlorineandmolybdenumarerequiredbygrapevines.Mustbeneitherinadequatenorexcessive.
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• Watertest• Salinity• Toxicity–grapevinesaresensitivetosodiumandchloride.
• Nitrogeninwellwater.
• Permits–DiscussionwithNapaCounty(SeeSlide25)
VineyardSiteEvaluation
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• Microclimates–warmerorcoolerareaswithinyoursite.Isthisaconsideration?
• Soiltest–fertilesoilisn’talwaysthebest.Nutrientpoorsoilorevendrypoorsoilwillstressthevines,keepvigordownandproducesmallflavorfulberrieswhichiswhatyouwant.Havesoiltestedforproperties(organicmatter,pH,nutrients)andsoilqualities.Alsohavetestedfornematodesiftreefruitorcropssusceptibletonematodeswerepreviouslygrown.
• Watertest–importantifwatersourceisfromawell.CollectasampleandhaveitanalyzedforpH,electricalconductivity,carbonate/bicarbonate,sodium,calcium,magnesium,potassium,nitratenitrogenandsulfur.It’seasiertotreatproblemwaterthantofixasoilproblemcausedbywater.
• Previoususeofland–whatwasgrownbeforeandwasitsuccessful.Checknativevegetationfordeathorpoorgrowth,nutritionaldeficienciesandoakrootfungus.
VineyardSiteEvaluation
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• Varietal–warmorcoolclimatedeterminesvarietalsuitability.Forexample,ifyouareyouintheCarnerosDistrictthinkchardonnay,pinotnoir,orRieslingorifyouareintheCalistogaAVAthinkcabernetsauvignon,zinfandel,orpetitesirah.
• Clone–considermorethanone.Clonescanvarybyyield(highvs.low),virussusceptibility,adaptabilitytoenvironment,climate(warmvs.cool)andflavor.
Referencehttp://www.novavine.com/media/27501/Rootstock-Chart-2017.pdf
Grapevinevarietal,cloneandrootstockselection
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• Rootstock–mayneedmorethanone.Selectionshouldbebasedonresistancetosoilpests;suitableforyoursoilstexture,depthandfertility;compatiblewithsoilchemistry;suitableforsoilwateravailability,drainageandirrigation;vineyarddesign;andgrapevarietal’sgrowthandfruitingcharacteristics.
• Ordering–includeextravines.+/-2%ofyourvineswillnotsurviveandwillrequirereplacementinthefirstfewyears.
Grapevinevarietal,cloneandrootstockselection
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Determinelayoutandhowmanygrapevinescanbeplanted
• Vineyardlayout-surveyyoursiteandlayoutprimarybenchmarks.Identifyimmovableobjectsliketrees,rocks,septicfield,
• Roworientation–southorsouthwestfacingisbest.• Rowandplantspacing–tightermaybebetter.
– Allowforspacingaccordingtoequipmentneeds.Remember,equipmentturningrequirementsandgrapevinesgrowoutaswellasup.
– Youcanreducevigorbycloserplantspacingandforcingvinestocompeteforwaterandnutrients.
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• Rowlength–don’tgetboxedin.Allowroomforturningaroundwhateverequipmentwillbeused.
• Scaledrawing-directionofrows,trellissystem,rowandvinespacing,rowlength,irrigation,drainagesystem.Thisiswillbeyourplantingguide.
• Vineyardproduction–sizematters.Thescaledrawingshowsthenumberofvinesthatyouwillbeplanting.Isthiswhatyouwant?Keepinmindthatcropyieldswillvaryfromyear-to-yearsotobesafeplantmorevinesthantheexactamountyouneed.
Determinelayoutandhowmanygrapevinescanbeplanted
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Determinelayoutandhowmanygrapevinescanbeplanted
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Identify,understandandquantifythecoststoplantyourvineyard
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– Labor–freeorhired.Yoursisfreebutsomeoneyouhirewillwanttobepaid.Determinehowmuchoftheworkyou’lldoyourselfversushiredlabor.
– Equipmentrental–needdeterminedbywhatyoursiterequires.Disking,ripping,etc.
– Compostandamendments(fertilizer)–determinedbytheresultsofthesoiltest.Addwhenrippingordiskingsoil.Thisisthefirstdecisionpointforwhetherornotyourvineyardwillbeorganicorconventional.
SitePreparation
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• Sitepreparation– Trellising–noroomforerror/musthavealifespanequaltothatofthegrapevines.Purchaseposts,wire,grapestakes,postholedigger,postdriver
– Irrigation–tubing,emitters,connectors,timer– Pestcontrol–gopherbaskets,deer/rabbitfencing.– Covercrop–yoursoilhasbeendisturbedandwillneedtobeprotecteduntilit’stimetoplant.
SitePreparation
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• ToolsandEquipment–inadditiontobasichomeandgardentools.Postholedigger,metalpostdriver,pickaxe,fencetool,smallandlargewirecutters,pipecutter,vinelopper,pumpsprayer,weedwhacker.
• Planting– HomeVineyardReferenceGuide:http://sacmg.ucanr.edu/files/163138.pdf
– Benchgrafteddormantbarerootorgreenpottedvines.– Growtubes– Quickly– Irrigate
SitePreparation
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• Siteevaluation–shouldstartinpriorwinterorspring.– Planningandresearchandmoreplanningandresearch.– Soilandwatertesting.
• Sitepreparation–occursinthefall.– Clearareatobeplanted– Rip,diskandlevelareatobeplanted– Mark,layoutandstakevineyard– Installdrainage,ifneeded– Installerosioncontrol,ifneeded– Installtrellising– Plantcovercrop– Installdeer/rabbitfencing,ifneeded.
Identify,understandandquantifythetimecommitmentrequiredtoplantyourvineyard
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• Preplanting–occurslatewintertoearlyspring.– Mowvineyard– Stripsprayrows– Installirrigationsystem
• Planting–occursinspringtoearlysummer.– Dormantbarerootvines–plantlateMarchthroughendofApril.– Greenpottedvines–plantMaytoJune.– Digholesatleast18”to20”deep.– Tievinetotrainingstake.
• Post-Planting–sitback,relaxandifallwentasplannedyounowhaveathrivingvineyardthatinafewyearswillproduceyourfirstharvest.
Identify,understandandquantifythetimecommitmentrequiredtoplantyourvineyard
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QuestionsandAnswers
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NapaCountyLandscapeDefinitions
18.108.030-Definitions.Asusedinthischapter:"Decorativelandscaping"meansvegetation,plantings,shrubs,treesandthelikeestablishedandmaintainedinproximitytoaresidentialstructure,landscapestructureorrelatedaccessroadforornamentaloraestheticpurposes.Decorativelandscapingdoesnotincludeagriculturalcropsestablishedormaintainedforcommercialuse.18.108.050-Exemptions.Thischaptershallnotapplytothefollowingactivities,whetherornotpermitsarepresentlyrequiredtherefor,whichthisboardherebyfindshavelesspotentialtosignificantlyalterthepresentenvironment;arepreemptedbystatelaw;orarepublicly-supervisedprojectsnecessaryfortheprotectionoftheimmediatehealthandsafetyoftheresidentsofthecountyofNapa:C.Clearingofvegetationand/orgradinginconnectionwiththeplantingand/ormaintenanceofdecorativelandscapingand/orconstructionoflandscapestructuresasdefinedinSection18.108.030forwhichnobuildingorgradingpermitsarerequiredaspartofanexistingorapprovedresidentialstructure;andtheclearingand/orgradingdoesnotinvolvemorethanoneacreperlegalparcel,andtheclearingand/orgradingdoesnotinvolveremovalofanylivingtreefromtheridgelineorhilltopvisiblefromanypublicroadwayunlesssuchtreeisreplacedinamannerapprovedbythedirectororhisdesignee,andtemporaryerosioncontrolmeasuresareinstalledbyOctober15thifplantingandorlandscapingcontinuesbeyondOctober15th;
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• UCMasterGardenersofNapaCounty• http://ucanr.edu/sites/ucmgnapa/• UCCaliforniaGardenWeb–GrowingGrapesinyourBackyard• http://cagardenweb.ucanr.edu/
Growing_Grapes_in_the_California_Garden/?uid=20&ds=436• NapaCountyUCCE-ViticultureHomePage• http://ucanr.org/sites/NapaCountyUCCE/Napa_County_Programs/
Viticulture/#• UCIntegratedViticulture• http://iv.ucdavis.edu/
Resources
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